Urban policy, economic policy, and the growth of large cities in China

1994 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 53-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yehua Wei
Keyword(s):  
Economic Policy ◽  
Urban Policy ◽  
Large Cities

scholarly journals Diversity of cities as a factor of Russia’s successful spatial development

2019 ◽  
pp. 3-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. M. Lappo
Keyword(s):  
Urban Policy ◽  
Socioeconomic Development ◽  
Spatial Development ◽  
The State ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
Master Plans ◽  
Territorial Planning ◽  
National Economic ◽  
Territorial Organization ◽  
State Examination

The diversity of cities, their systems and networks has greatly contributed to solving the problems of urban development and enhancing their role in the spatial development of the country. The article aims to show the need for diversity of cities, especially important for Russia due to its inherent differentiation, as the needs of cities of a certain type and category and the conditions of their formation and functioning. This makes the achievement of urban diversity one of the key goals of the state urban policy, ensuring the improvement of the territorial organization of Russia and its parts and improving the efficiency of its economy. The work is based on statistical data characterizing the dynamics of cities and their distribution over the territory; published works on geographical urban studies and socioeconomic development of Russia and its regions; on author’s experience in research of the cities and agglomerations, participation in the state examination of national economic projects, master plans of the large cities, territorial planning at country and regional levels. Historical, cartographic, statistical, comparative-geographical, typological, conceptual design methods are used. Multi-aspect consideration of the theme allowed to draw conclusions useful for successful state urban policy.

Cities as Political Targets

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
William W. Goldsmith
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Economic Policy ◽  
Financial Institutions ◽  
Urban Policy ◽  
Fiscal Crisis ◽  
Federal Administration ◽  
Political Targets

This chapter discusses austerity, which causes significant urban damage, directly and indirectly. Austerians—especially those who make key decisions in banks, corporations, the federal administration, Congress, and the courts—sometimes have cities in mind as they make policy, but usually not. If they do make the connection, they may aim to punish cities. They surely do not regard fiscal and economic policy as part of “urban policy.” Indeed, austerity was imposed not to resolve the fiscal crisis, nor to aid financial institutions to recover their losses, nor to earmark funds for building social capital or offering services. Yet austerity policies do constitute “upstream” flows that can flood cities and swamp their options. Austerity thus needs to be incorporated into discussions and actions on urban policy.

scholarly journals Аactualization of the Methodological Basis of Developing General Plans in the Context of Modern Threats and Challenges to Urban Development

2018 ◽  
pp. 91-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Ya. Herzberg
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Urban Development ◽  
Urban Policy ◽  
Special Role ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
Methodological Basis ◽  
General Plan ◽  
Social And Economic Development ◽  
Strategic Goals ◽  
The City

The article notes that modern methodology development of the general plans for large cities do not contribute to the efficiency of the projects; do not satisfy modern challenges and threats in urban development. One of the most important challenges is the process of globalization, when a special role is assigned to the large cities. Cities compete for the attracting investments, modern industrial facilities, and skill creative specialists. The concept of a competitive city is the motto under which the general plans of major foreign cities are developed. The main differences between the domestic and foreign practices of designing cities are given. First of all, they relate to the links between socio-economic and urban planning policies. In the foreign practice, the modern general plans are developed while taking into account the mission of the city and the strategic goals of the city development; as defined in the general Plans or the Strategies of Social and Economic Development. As a part of the modern strategies of social and economic development (2030-2035) of large Russian cities (St. Petersburg, Kazan) the mission of the city, strategic goals and even the conceptual basis of urban policy defines. It creates prerequisites for more effective communication of socio-economic and territorial planning in comparison with the established urban code, which provides for the mapping of the planned objects. The low social validity of general plans is noted. Possible directions for the improving methodological basis of developing general plans based on the attitude to the general plan as an instrument for creating the town-planning prerequisites for the realization of the city's mission and strategic goals are given.

Chinese Communist Urban Policy

1950 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Arthur Steiner
Keyword(s):  
Communist Party ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Policy ◽  
Chinese Communist Party ◽  
Central Committee ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
Agrarian Policy ◽  
The Chinese Communist Party ◽  
The Many ◽  
New Situation

From the Countryside to the Cities. Among the many practical problems with which the Chinese Communists have been recently confronted is that of governing large cities and administering policy in urban and metropolitan areas. Only two years ago the major preoccupation of the Chinese Communist Party was with agrarian policy, with emphases on land redistribution, Party reorganization to strengthen the revolution in rural areas, and the construction and maintenance of “rear bases” to support the fighting front. But in the epochal year beginning with the fall of Mukden on November 2, 1948, the directions and emphases of Chinese Communist policy were substantially modified by the new situation created by the rapid capture of all of the seaports, the most important industrial and commercial centers, and nearly all of the provincial capitals of China. To permit the most effective exploitation of this newly-gained strategic momentum, the Party leadership was obliged, on relatively short notice, to find immediate solutions for problems of urban policy that had previously been anticipated as likely to arise in the future.Urban policy, accordingly, became the urgent question on the agenda of the Second Plenary Session of the Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party, meeting in Shihchiachuang on March 15–23, 1949.

scholarly journals Neighbourhood cohesion and territorial cohesion: in search for conceptual integrity

GeoJournal ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Łukasz Damurski
Keyword(s):  
Sense Of Community ◽  
Urban Policy ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Methodological Framework ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
Functional Balance ◽  
Spatial Policy ◽  
Territorial Cohesion ◽  
Critical Revision

AbstractNeighbourhood cohesion is a concept describing the residents’ sense of community, engagement in acts of neighbouring, and attractiveness of living in the neighbourhood. Since 2000’s the term ‘cohesion’ has also been used in geography and in spatial policy to represent the distribution of functions and opportunities in space. The two approaches seem be complementary, but they lack consistency and appropriate conceptual framework. This paper aims at developing an integrated methodological framework which will include both social and spatial aspects of cohesion at the local level. Its empirical content refers to studies conducted in 2017–2019 in five locations in Poland. Three methods of spatial analysis are presented depicting various aspects of territorial cohesion of a neighbourhood: functional balance, accessibility of facilities and match between supply and demand. Such approach enables effective measurement and comparison of neighbourhoods representing various settlement types. The results show that the highest levels of cohesion were obtained for large cities where the density of amenities is the highest, and the lowest levels were noted in suburban settlements which confirms their malfunctioning character. The paper concludes with a critical revision of the concept of neighbourhood cohesion which can serve as a guideline for local urban policy.

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