The impact of one unit on Sindh’s political future after its abolition

Pakistan's federalism problem dates all the way back to the establishment of the republic. Pakistan was established during many problems, many of which involved the state's government and administration. After Pakistan's inception, Federalism has been recognized as a political structure. The Muslim League was Pakistan's democratic body, and it called for the provinces of United India to have complete provincial autonomy. In the other side, the Congress favored a moderate federation. Due to the Muslim League's extensive past and tradition, it has been forced to recognize Federalism as a state system. Karachi, a major commercial center in Sindh, was annexed by the federal government and incorporated into its region. As a consequence of this undemocratic act, Sindh's ministry was dissolved, and Karachi was put under federal administration. The smaller provinces were compelled to form One Unit as a result of this development. The One-unit structure scrapped Sindh's territorial position and fundamentally altered its demography. After Bengal's dismemberment, Punjab became the only ruling state, controlling the state structure. Sindh remained marginalized in this province. Sindh has always met with the same fate. Furthermore, Pakistan's constitutions made no provision for Sindh's provincial hegemony. This thesis makes an empirical attempt to examine the historical connection between the Centre and Sindh.

Moving Towards an ETS in Mexico: The Case of International Cooperation

Mexico has participated in different international climate initiatives and has benefited from international collaboration. This cooperation, both at the political and technical levels, has been crucial for the design and implementation of the national carbon market. Through its climate diplomacy leadership, Mexico has played a key role in international carbon pricing initiatives, and in the technical sphere, the country has benefited from peer-to-peer international experiences and knowledge. This chapter analyzes those initiatives and their contribution to continue broadening collaboration towards a carbon market in the country. It explores how recent changes to the environmental agenda, adopted as of 2018 by the new federal administration, could hinder the implementation of the market mechanism.

Federalism During the Trump Era and Beyond

This chapter explains how liberal states, with the enthusiastic support of progressives across the country, repeatedly exercised their authority as sovereigns to oppose and challenge some of the Trump administration’s most misguided, harmful, and discriminatory policies. State-based resistance to the Trump administration was particularly robust in matters related to immigration and environmental regulations. State-based policies were also crucial in filling the void left by the Trump administration’s failure to provide effective national leadership on issues that desperately demanded it, including the stemming of gun violence and controlling the spread of the coronavirus pandemic. The chapter argues that if progressives going forward embrace federalism only situationally—defending it when there is a conservative in the White House, but dismissing its relevance or appropriateness when there is a liberal in that position—then it is less likely that the principle will remain a viable and effective tool in resisting the policies of a future right-wing administration in the Trumpian mold. In contrast, if progressives after the Trump era defend federalism as a matter of principle, then it is more likely that the concept will retain its constitutional and political legitimacy, making it available to progressives in future years when confronting another right-wing and potentially autocratic federal administration.

The Attack on Health and Science Institutions

One of our most trusted sources of accurate scientific information has always been the federal and international scientific regulatory agencies charged with protecting and improving our health and safety. These include the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the World Health Organization (WHO). After being chronically underfunded for many years, these agencies have been assaulted by anti-science forces within the previous United States federal administration. Today, many people have lost what was once a very high level of confidence in these agencies. It will be a difficult, but far from impossible, task for a new federal administration to restore them to the positions of trust they once held.

Federal Territories in the Russian Federation in the Constitutional Reform Conditions

The article presents an analysis of the institution of federal territories, the problems associated with their creation and functioning on the territory of the state, the advantages and disadvantages of the institution, the legal status of the territories currently under federal administration is considered in order to resolve the issue of expediency giving them the status of federal territories, and also studied the experience of foreign countries in the legal regulation of this issue

Covid-19 pandemic and harmful policies push Brazil into an environmental crisis

Strong evidence indicates that the Brazilian government is taking advantage of the confusion caused by the Covid-19 pandemic to speed-up a wide-ranging environmental setback. We present a timeline of policies and acts taken by the current federal administration against the environment during the pandemic and discuss their consequences. The unprecedented amount of measures affecting environmental policies is especially intended to weaken deforestation control and transparency of environmental agencies, and allow the expansion of harmful activities (e.g. mining and agribusiness) into Protected Areas and Indigenous Lands. The ongoing environmental dismantling in Brazil breaches several international agreements and, if not reverted, will jeopardize nature’s contributions to national and global societies and risk worldwide climate and biodiversity. We highlight strategies that could be taken by economic, scientific, and political sectors to cease the environmental dismantling in Brazil. The suggestions presented here could also be used in other countries facing similar challenges.

Federal Administration

The federal administration is significantly small (around 10 percent of all public employees). This speciality of the German administrative system is based on the division of responsibilities: the central (federal) level drafts and adopts most of the laws and public programmes, and the state level (together with the municipal level) implements them. The administration of the federal level comprises the ministries, subordinated agencies for special and selected operational tasks (e.g. the authorisation of drugs, information security and registration of refugees) in distinct administrative sectors (e.g. foreign service, armed forces and federal police). The capacity for preparing and monitoring government bills and statutory instruments is well developed. Moreover, the instruments and tools of coordination are exemplary compared with other countries, although the recent digital turn has been adopted less advanced than elsewhere.

Kommunikationsmanagement im öffentlichen Sektor

For successful communication management, the "individualisation" and "differentiation" of specific framework conditions of individual types of institutions are more than essential. For the (de-)centralised federal administration in Germany, starting from the core administration (e.g. ministries, offices, etc.) or public corporations, up to mixed-economy institutions, the following credo applies: "The more decentralised the institution, the more autonomous the management." This raises the question of whether there are different or specific problem areas in communication management for each type of institution and how these are related to the degree of autonomy?

Die Kraft zur Innovation in der Verwaltung

Globalization, technical development, the increase of crises and the attractiveness oft he public service make innovations necessary also in administration. This volume shows that German administration has the power to innovate. Recent research results and practical examples taken from the federal administration show „how innovation works“, especially in times of digitalization and the „VUCA-World“. This volume extends previous contributions by the editor such as „Be innovative administration!“ and „Stay innovative administration!“ and integrates current perspectives. Another volume, mainly on innovations in regional and local government will follow. With contributions by Sebnem Andresen/Islam Châabane/Mirine Choi; Jan-Ole Beyer; Prof. Dr. Jörg Debatin/Claudia Dirks; Dr. Otto Dietz/Christian Engel; Ann-Kristin Falkenhain/René Gürth/Alexander Gorski/Dr. Annett Eulitz/Henny Weber; Univ.-Prof. Dr. Hermann Hill; Dr. Timon Hölle; Univ.-Prof. Dr. Michael Hölscher/Moritz Krug/Dr. Rubina Zern-Breuer; Dr. Martin Kohls; Dirk Meyer/Elke Schulz; Aron Mir Hashemi; Kirsten Rulf/Britta Kuhn/Laura Niersbach; Friederike Schubart/Petra Mackroth; Sascha Stutzenberger; Präsident Dr. Georg Thiel/Sabine Köhler/Dr. Julia Frey/Lena Schackmann; Heike Zirden/Michael Schönstein/Robert Räuchle and Helke Knütter.

The Federal Administration of Interior Affairs

According to the Basic Law, the Länder are in principle responsible for public administration, regardless of whether state or federal law is being enforced.The Basic Law has set a narrow framework for the federal administration. The obligations and options of the federal administration are defined in full. However, superior federal authorities responsible for the entire federal territory may be established by law passed with the consent of the Bundesrat for matters for which the Federation has the power to legislate. Intermediate and lower authorities may also be established if urgently needed. The chapter demonstrates this setting by the prominent example of the Federal Ministry of the Interior , Building and Community (BMI).