master plans
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Author(s):  
В.Б. Наумов ◽  
А.Н. Асмолова

Проект «Сохраненная культура» уже более десяти лет занимается изучением и продвижением в сети Интернет достижений отечественной науки и культуры ХХ века. Статья описывает и систематизирует уникальный опыт проекта по исследованию и актуализации творческого наследия выдающихся советских архитекторов: подготовку и публикацию воспоминаний об ученом-градостроителе, члене-корреспонденте РААСН А.В. Махровской, оцифровку личного архива историка градостроительства, декана архитектурного факультета Академии художеств В.И. Кочедамова и выпуск 4-томного издания его трудов с комментариями современных ученых, а также создание документального фильма «Архитектура блокады», посвященного памяти А.И. Наумова, доктора архитектуры, члена-корреспондента Академии строительства и архитектуры СССР, автора трех генеральных планов развития Ленинграда, организатора маскировки города в годы Великой Отечественной войны. Особое внимание в статье уделено проблеме цифрового разрыва и прикладным подходам и методам его преодоления, позволяющим сохранять и популяризировать памятники «бумажной» культуры прошлого века в условиях информационного общества через создание активного исследовательского сообщества. The Preserved Culture project has been researching and promoting the achievements of Russian science and culture of the 20th century on the Internet for more than ten years. This article describes and systematizes a unique experience on the study and update of the creative heritage of the distinguished Soviet architects. This includes the preparation and publication of the memories about scientist-urban planner, corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Architecture and Building Sciences A.V. Makhrovskaya; the digitization of the personal archive of the urban development historian, dean of the faculty of architecture of the Academy of Arts V.I. Kochedamov, as well as the release of the four-volume edition of his works with commentaries of modern scientists. The article also presents the documentary film “Architecture of the Blockade” which is dedicated to the memory of A.I. Naumov, the Doctor of Architecture, corresponding member of the Academy of Construction and Architecture of the USSR, author of three Leningrad master plans, organizer of the city masking during the Great Patriotic War. Particular attention in the article is paid to the problem of the digital divide and applied approaches and methods of overcoming it, which make it possible to preserve and popularize non-digital cultural monuments of the last century in the context of the information society through the creation of an active research community.


Author(s):  
Ivan Vysochyn ◽  
Serhii Borodai ◽  
Dmytro Borodai ◽  
Serhii Galushka ◽  
Artem Borodai ◽  
...  

In the article was found that the planned location of new or expansion of existing production clearly coincided with the movement of certain segments of the population to these regions for employment, examining and analyzing the problems of migration of the population of the former USSR. The researches of the Russian town-planners Bocharov Y.P.,       Belousov V.M., Vladimirov V.V., Maloyan G.A., Lezhava I.G. and other are devoted the problems of development of the theory of settlement with loss of planning component in development of systems of settlement and general plans of cities in new market (social and economic) conditions. Leading domestic urban planners have devoted their research to the problems of the development of the theory of settlement in Ukraine, the system of settlement and the development of master plans in modern market conditions (1992-2014). Some of them are Filvarov G.K., Yezhov V.I.,   Demin M.M., Lavrik G.I., Repin V.M., Timokhin V.O., Shkodovsky Y.M., Rudnitsky A .М. and other. The article presents the stages of formation of production relations, social, economic, architectural and spatial evolution under the pressure of migration processes, based on the analysis and research: The formation of the labor market (places of employment) in the development of industry, transport links and resettlement (early nineteenth - early twentieth century). Urbanization of cities in the early twentieth century due to migrations (free labor) from near and far agglomerations. Urbanization of the late twentieth century due to the release of labor (the collapse of the collective and state farm system). Under the pressure of migration and transport processes the compositional and planning spatial structure of the city is determined by the following aspects: the hierarchy of the city in the general network of settlements; the level of the city's public transport network; mobility of city residents; location of attractive objects for migrants in the city planning structure; socio-demographic characteristics of residents. Territories of cities with developed production are becoming the poles of industrial industry with the latest technologies, as well as centers of business.


Author(s):  
Nilanjana Mukherjee ◽  

Delhi has always been a crucible of political disquiet, and the seat of manifold state and aesthetic desires to order, control and design the city. Even at this moment, we find ourselves before a ubiquitous impulse to change the appearance of the city through the Central Vista Project which proposes to cater to needs of increase in government office space. There are layers to the city and obvious enough, it is not monolithic. The vestiges and architectural remnants of subsequent ages narrate the relentless saga of power, domination and settlement. A historical analysis of the spatial structures reflects the reasons behind its physical organization. To talk about colonial designs within this very broad spectrum is but, only a brief moment in a longue duree of human settlement in this region. Yet, it is necessary to understand the spatial synchrony, for much of it is what we have inherited today and this is what shapes our experiences of this city even at present. Raghav Kishore’s The (Un)governable City (2020), makes an intervention in this corpus of historical analysis with his impeccable research and endless forays into the archives. This is a welcome addition to studies in the field of urban development of Delhi, with Pilar Maria Guerrieri’s Maps of Delhi (2017) being one precursor, which painstakingly curates maps of Delhi from the precolonial times, to the modern municipal Master Plans to contemporary digital mappings. Kishore unearths curious details from local sources and twines those with debates among colonial policy makers and personnel to highlight issues of political ideology, statecraft and governmentality. This volume juxtaposes notions of policing, control and accessibility with debates and discussions on sanitation, traffic, communication, railways and the building of military cantonments, which are significant if we think of the British rule in India as a garrison state, heavily dependent on the easy mobility of its military forces. The success of the control was conditional on the ability to gather up huge military forces to curb parallel sporadic outbursts at their very onset. The broadening of roads, regulation of quarters and delimiting encroachments and concerns over connectivity, were carefully thought out strategisations towards the goal of containment and territorialisation.


2021 ◽  
Vol 76 (4) ◽  
pp. 459-469
Author(s):  
Mosè Cometta

Abstract. This paper analyses from a philosophical and interdisciplinary point of view two master plans of the canton Ticino – the first one from 1990, Keynesian, and the second one from 2009, neoliberal. The differences between the former and the latter are highlighted on a conceptual level. While the former stresses the importance of rebalancing and maintaining internal solidarity between the regions of the canton, the latter aims to make the canton more competitive and specialised. The discussion highlights how this type of analysis, by showing the political and moral concepts and criteria underlying a master plan, favours their political discussion and thus, ultimately, the implementation of a more inclusive planning process.


2021 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Mahmut Esad Ergin

The purpose of the study is to evaluate the impacts of the variables on site selection decision of the spectators just before the main activity in order to engage in eating, having fun and performing other types of activities. A multinomial logit modelling framework is hired to model activity patterns within PSE circumstances. Activities were classified into three groups that are “Eating”, “Entertainment”, and “Other”. Model estimation on PSE survey data set from selected stadiums in Istanbul shows that due to the congestion, as travel time and activity duration increase the spectators inclined to be around the stadium 184 minutes in average before the starting time of the main activity. The results obtained from this study can be used as a micro input for the macro studies such as transportation master plans and urban plans and can offer complementary research areas for PSE traffic management and urban planning.


Author(s):  
A.O. AKHAIMOVA ◽  
S.I. PODOLYNNYI ◽  
S.M. DMYTRIIEVA

Abstract. Problem statement. Today there is an active development of the coastal area along the Victoryembankment in the city of Dnipro. The proposed and those that have already been implemented provoke contradictoryresponses from ordinary citizens and professionals. Several project proposals have been implemented on this topic, aswell as a lot of material in the media and on social networks. There are scientifically sound proposals for theengineering of the coastal area. Purpose of the article. Show the stages of development of territories in the field ofcontent and compositional influence of the Eternal Glory Monument; their positive and negative sides. The main part.The general plans of the city and its fragments (1786; 1792; 1913; 1933; 1948) are considered. For the first two hundredyears of the city's existence, the Dnieper had an associative relationship between the city territory and the river. For thefirst time the task of connecting the river and the city was declared in the master plan of 1933. The next step in solvingthis problem in this direction was taken in the postwar master plans. The most striking of these efforts was the proposalto extend the main avenue of the city in a south-easterly direction with access to the edge of the central hill. It proposesthe formation of a memorial square at the northeastern end of the avenue, which is in contact with the valley of theDnieper River. The milestone is the creation of the Eternal Glory Monument. A full-fledged structure of an importanturban planning node of the city has been formed. This area of the avenue received a memorial and educational content.In world experience, there are few analogues of such a bright, organic combination of compositional and spatialcharacteristics of the territory and its meaning. Conclusion. Now there is an active architectural and town-planningactivity on the coastal territory is located on an axis of the main Avenue of the city. The most important factor thatshould have a significant impact on the nature of the processes that have developed to our time − the substantivefeatures of the compositional and spatial characteristics of Dmitry Yavornytsky Avenue. In turn, the means ofarchitecture must be found and implemented solutions that will not only give impetus to the development of what hasalready been created, but also logically complete the process of forming the most important urban node of the city.


2021 ◽  
Vol 909 (1) ◽  
pp. 012010
Author(s):  
E Pujiono ◽  
O Hidayat ◽  
G N Njurumana

Abstract Deaths due to the COVID-19 pandemic in East Sumba raised the problem of limited burial grounds, so the government tried to provide a new location. The Hambala Special Purpose Forest Area (KHDTK) has a potential land to be used as a burial site by MoEF Regulation No.P.27/2018. The study analyzed the suitability of burial grounds using a GIS-based multi-criteria approach. Criteria and indicators cover the legality (license status of forests, policies), management (master plans, detailed plans), technical (human resources, infrastructure), socio-economic (pandemic, grave needs, economic impacts, culture, conflict), and ecological (topography, land cover, distance to water sources and settlements). A multi-criteria evaluation of the proposed use of KHDTK covering an area of 17 ha resulted in three scenarios of the burial land suitability map, namely the ‘strict scenario’ covering an area of 1.5 hectares; moderate scenario covering an area of 6.5 hectares, and ‘scenario loosely’ covering an area of 14.2 hectares. The third scenario as a reference for managers and stakeholders is lend-use of Forest Areas for burial grounds by government cooperation mechanism.


2021 ◽  
Vol 1203 (3) ◽  
pp. 032065
Author(s):  
Olga Gonçalves ◽  
Ana Virtudes

Abstract In the domain of spatial planning, there is a concern to preserve the territory whilst ensuring a proper expansion of urban perimeters. Cities, towns and villages should be contained within urban perimeters for building and urbanization purposes. The concept of urban perimeter is defined as the closed polygonal line demarcating the continuous territory of urban land-use. The spatial planning instruments should define the urban land-use referring to areas totally or partially urbanized or built. Regarding low-density territories with a greater propensity to urban sprawl and population ageing, the previously mentioned rules are not always met. Thus, this study focuses on the case of the Interior region of Portugal classified as low-density territory. Here the number of inhabitants is decreasing with low demand for urban spaces. However, the urban perimeters were mainly defined without being based on territorial features, topographic mapping or ecological sensitive areas. Thus, for a diversity of aspects, there are inappropriate areas to build that were wrongly included as part of urban areas, creating as a result urban void. One main reason for this problem are the topographic conditions that don’t fit with the urbanization and building requirements in urban perimeters. In this sense, this research aims to describe the articulation between the urbanization and building processes, under the rules of the Municipal Master Plans, regarding the topographic features of urban perimeters. The conclusion shows that the most sloped areas are those that were less sought after for urbanization, however these zones comprise a significant part of the urban perimeters. Finally, there is the need to stress that in low-density territories, many urban voids will never be urbanized.


Author(s):  
Ali Reza Noori ◽  
◽  
S.K. Singh ◽  

The absence of a wastewater collection, management, and disposal scheme is one of Kabul’s most serious environmental issues. This has resulted in both health and ecological problems. This research used Arc GIS and SewerGEMS tools to assess the viability of a decentralized sewerage collection model in the research area. The research area was chosen as the city’s 5th district. Land-use and land-cover, Digital Elevation Model (DEM), and Satellite data were used to construct the network’s geometry in the Arc map environment. SewerGEMS software was used to perform hydraulic simulation and modeling. The variables were regulated based on the results of the study using conventional wastewater topology guidelines. Based on the outputs of hydraulic analysis, it is concluded that the decentralized wastewater collection system would be the best option for the area. It can be deduced from hydraulic design findings that the hydraulic model was successfully developed and built. The methodology can be applied for the development of future wastewater master plans of the city.


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