The Recovery of Peripheral Nerves following Tissue Expansion

1992 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. H. MILNER ◽  
P. R. WILKINS
Keyword(s):  
Sciatic Nerve ◽  
Histological Examination ◽  
Conduction Velocity ◽  
Peripheral Nerves ◽  
Axonal Degeneration ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Tissue Expansion ◽  
Segmental Demyelination ◽  
Nerve Model ◽  
The Mean

A rat sciatic nerve model has been used to study the response of nerves to tissue expansion and their recovery at intervals up to 100 days using electrophysiology and histological methods. Tissue expansion has been shown to increase nerve length by 32% of which half remained at 100 days. Following tissue expansion the mean conduction velocity of the sciatic nerve was reduced to 30.0 ± 1.35 m/s which represented 60.3% of control values, by 100 days the conduction velocity had almost returned to normal. Histological examination showed the cause of the reduction in function to be due to segmental demyelination without axonal degeneration, these changes returned towards normal during the recovery period but were not completely reversed by 100 days.

Age-Related Changes in Peripheral Nerves of the Dog. I. A Morphologic and Morphometric Study of Single-Teased Fibers

1982 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 365-378 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. G. Braund ◽  
J. A. McGuire ◽  
C. E. Lincoln
Keyword(s):  
Peripheral Nerves ◽  
Neuromuscular Disease ◽  
Axonal Degeneration ◽  
Fiber Diameter ◽  
Morphometric Study ◽  
Segmental Demyelination ◽  
Internodal Length ◽  
Age Related ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Relationship

Incidence of lesions in single-teased myelinated fibers and the relationship between internodal length and fiber diameter were studied by morphologic and morphometric techniques on common peroneal and ulnar nerves of 28 dogs between three months and 15 years of age that were free of neuromuscular disease. Minimal lesions were seen in nerves of dogs under ten years of age, usually involving less than 3% of the teased fibers; however, in older dogs, the mean incidence of lesions that included axonal degeneration and segmental demyelination and remyelination, increased to 6% and 9% in ulnar and common peroneal nerves, respectively. A positive correlation (p < 0.0001) between internodal length and fiber diameter was found in both nerves from immature and mature dogs, but slopes of regression lines were reduced in older dogs.

A Neuropathy in Goats Caused by Experimental Coyotillo (Karwinskia humboldtiana) Poisoning

1970 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 420-434 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. M. Charlton ◽  
K. R. Pierce
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Sciatic Nerve ◽  
Schwann Cells ◽  
Active Transport ◽  
Peripheral Nerves ◽  
Wallerian Degeneration ◽  
Light And Electron Microscopy ◽  
Segmental Demyelination ◽  
Femoral Site ◽  
Oral Doses

Lesions in peripheral nerves from 12 goats poisoned experimentally with coyotillo were studied by light and electron microscopy. The goats were poisoned with daily oral doses of the ground coyotillo fruits and killed at various times after the first day of dosing. Lesions at a mid-femoral site of the sciatic nerve included swelling of Schwann cells, degeneration of mitochondria, depletion of glycogen, splitting of myelin, segmental demyelination, and Wallerian degeneration. The results were suggestive of primary mitochondrial injury in Schwann cells with resultant impaired active transport, intracellular edema, splitting of myelin, and segmental demyelination.

scholarly journals AGE-RELATED PRESERVATION OF MOTOR NERVE CONDUCTION VELOCITY IN NEURONAL MTORC1 KNOCKDOWN MICE

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S107-S107
Author(s):  
Stacy A Hussong ◽  
Veronica Galvan
Keyword(s):  
Sciatic Nerve ◽  
Peripheral Nerve ◽  
Conduction Velocity ◽  
Dietary Restriction ◽  
Nerve Conduction ◽  
Peripheral Nerves ◽  
Nerve Conduction Velocity ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Mtorc1 Signaling ◽  
Effects Of Aging

Abstract With age, peripheral nerves undergo demyelination along with overall decrease in peripheral nerve conduction velocity in both sensory and motor nerves. Loss of innervation in muscles is thought to be a major factor in causing age-related sarcopenia including a decrease in muscle function. Dietary restriction attenuates the detrimental effects of aging in mice. Reduction of mTOR signaling is hypothesized to have overlapping mechanisms with dietary restriction. Furthermore, inhibition of mTOR via rapamycin treatment is known to extend lifespan in mice as well as improve peripheral nerve myelination. Therefore, I hypothesized that reducing mTORC1 signaling in neurons would be able to ameliorate the deleterious effects of aging in peripheral nerves. An overall decrease in nerve conduction velocity was observed in both tail sensory and sural nerves with age (15 vs. 30 months). In neuronal mTORC1 KD animals, there was an age-related preservation of both sural and sciatic nerve conduction. Rapamycin treatment produced similar effects with a trend towards increased sciatic nerve conduction velocity in rapamycin-treated wild-type mice at 19 months. The preserve sciatic nerve conduction velocity could be partially explained by preserved myelination. Neuronal mTORC1 knockdown animals had more myelin in the sciatic nerve at 30 mo. as compared to age-matched controls. Overall, these data indicate that mTORC1 signaling plays a role in the age-related decline in peripheral nerve myelination as well as nerve conduction velocity. Future therapeutics could utilize rapamycin or other rapalogs to combat the decline in peripheral nerve function associated with age and other diseases as well.

Experimental Studies of the Effect of Bupivacaine on Peripheral Nerves

1987 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-22
Author(s):  
R. H. HELM ◽  
Y. S. LEE ◽  
R. W. H. PHO
Keyword(s):  
Sciatic Nerve ◽  
Normal Saline ◽  
Peripheral Nerves ◽  
Axonal Degeneration ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Mechanical Trauma ◽  
Histological Changes

0.5% Bupivacaine was administered around the sciatic nerve of rabbits by means of a catheter, over a period of ten days. Twenty nerves showed no histological changes, but in three there were areas of demyelination and axonal degeneration, especially near the surface of the nerve. However, similar changes occurred in two out of six nerves to which normal saline was administered instead, and it is suggested that the damage may have been caused by mechanical trauma from movement of the catheter.

scholarly journals Peripheral Neuropathy in Oxalosis. A Case Report with Electron Microscopic Observations

1976 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan M. Bilbao ◽  
Henry Berry ◽  
Joseph Marotta ◽  
Roderick C. Ross
Keyword(s):  
Renal Failure ◽  
Peripheral Neuropathy ◽  
Peripheral Nerves ◽  
Axonal Degeneration ◽  
Primary Hyperoxaluria ◽  
Renal Calculi ◽  
Chronic Hemodialysis ◽  
Cell Cytoplasm ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Segmental Demyelination

SUMMARY:A 61 year old man had chronic renal failure because of oxaluria and renal calculi. Two years before death, while on hemodialysis, he developed severe progressive peripheral neuropathy. At autopsy calcium oxalate crystals were found in the peripheral nerves and other tissues. Nerve lesions included segmental demyelination, axonal degeneration and crystalline deposits within the myelin sheath. Ultrastructurally there were foci of osmiophilic granular material within myelin lamellae and endoneurium, and pleomorphic lamellar bodies in the perinuclear Schwann cell cytoplasm.It is probable that chronic hemodialysis favors the deposition of oxalate in the Schwann cells and the development of neuropathy in patients with primary hyperoxaluria and renal failure.

Chitosan-film associated with mesenchymal stem cells enhanced regeneration of peripheral nerves: A rat sciatic nerve model

2018 ◽  
Vol 88 ◽  
pp. 46-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehrnaz Moattari ◽  
Homa Mohseni Kouchesfehani ◽  
Gholamreza Kaka ◽  
Seyed Homayoon Sadraie ◽  
Majid Naghdi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Sciatic Nerve ◽  
Peripheral Nerves ◽  
Chitosan Film ◽  
Rat Sciatic Nerve ◽  
Nerve Model

Activity-dependent variations in conduction velocity of C fibers of rat sciatic nerve

1994 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 427-431 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyung-Cheul Shin ◽  
Yun-Lyul Lee ◽  
Hyeok-Yil Kwon ◽  
Hyoung Jin Park ◽  
Stephen A. Raymond
Keyword(s):  
Sciatic Nerve ◽  
Conduction Velocity ◽  
Rat Sciatic Nerve ◽  
C Fibers ◽  
Activity Dependent

Prevention of painful neuromas by oblique transection of peripheral nerves

2006 ◽  
Vol 104 (2) ◽  
pp. 285-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wieslaw Marcol ◽  
Katarzyna Kotulska ◽  
Magdalena Larysz-Brysz ◽  
Grazyna Bierzyñska-Macyszyn ◽  
Pawel Wlaszczuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neuropathic Pain ◽  
Sciatic Nerve ◽  
Peripheral Nerves ◽  
Traditional Method ◽  
Healing Process ◽  
Nerve Transection ◽  
Proximal Stump ◽  
Sciatic Nerves ◽  
Neuroma Formation

Object Neuroma formation often occurs at the proximal stump of the transected nerve, complicating the healing process after gap injuries or nerve biopsies. Most such neuromas cause therapy-resistant neuropathic pain. The purpose of this study was to determine whether oblique transection of the proximal stump of the sciatic nerve can prevent neuroma formation. Methods The sciatic nerves of 10 rats were transected unilaterally at an angle of 30°, and the peripheral segments of the nerves were removed. In 10 control animals the sciatic nerves were transected at a perpendicular angle. Twenty weeks after surgery the nerves were reexposed and collected. The presence of neuromas was determined by two board-certified pathologists on the basis of histopathological evaluations. Conclusions The oblique transection of peripheral nerves, contrary to perpendicularly transected nerves, is rarely followed by classic neuroma development. Moreover, neuropathic pain is significantly reduced compared with that following the traditional method of nerve transection.

On the issue of damage to the nerve trunks during intramuscular injections

1937 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 590-596
Author(s):  
Sh. V. Bikchurin ◽  
E. I. Eselevich
Keyword(s):  
Sciatic Nerve ◽  
Injection Site ◽  
Peripheral Nerves ◽  
Intramuscular Injections

Cases of damage to the nerve trunks during intramuscular injections are now quite rare, since they can be avoided by strictly observing the rules for choosing the injection site. In the old manuals of Oppenheim and Lewandowski and in the newest manuals of Kraus and Brugsch (Toby Cohn), injections of various medications are indicated as the etiological moment of damage to the sciatic nerve. Injections of quinine and its compounds in the treatment of malaria, as well as injections of bioquinol, in some cases cause injury to peripheral nerves.

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