scholarly journals Peripheral Neuropathy in Oxalosis. A Case Report with Electron Microscopic Observations

1976 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan M. Bilbao ◽  
Henry Berry ◽  
Joseph Marotta ◽  
Roderick C. Ross
Keyword(s):  
Renal Failure ◽  
Peripheral Neuropathy ◽  
Peripheral Nerves ◽  
Axonal Degeneration ◽  
Primary Hyperoxaluria ◽  
Renal Calculi ◽  
Chronic Hemodialysis ◽  
Cell Cytoplasm ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Segmental Demyelination

SUMMARY:A 61 year old man had chronic renal failure because of oxaluria and renal calculi. Two years before death, while on hemodialysis, he developed severe progressive peripheral neuropathy. At autopsy calcium oxalate crystals were found in the peripheral nerves and other tissues. Nerve lesions included segmental demyelination, axonal degeneration and crystalline deposits within the myelin sheath. Ultrastructurally there were foci of osmiophilic granular material within myelin lamellae and endoneurium, and pleomorphic lamellar bodies in the perinuclear Schwann cell cytoplasm.It is probable that chronic hemodialysis favors the deposition of oxalate in the Schwann cells and the development of neuropathy in patients with primary hyperoxaluria and renal failure.

scholarly journals Peripheral Neurophathies Associated With Chronic Renal Failure

1980 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.F. Bolton
Keyword(s):  
Renal Failure ◽  
Chronic Renal Failure ◽  
Axonal Degeneration ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Chronic Hemodialysis ◽  
Uremic Toxin ◽  
Segmental Demyelination ◽  
Endstage Renal Disease ◽  
Current Assessment ◽  
Sensory Polyneuropathy

SUMMARY:A variety of peripheral nerve disorders may be associated with chronic renal failure. The polyneuropathy due to uremic toxins is a distal, motor and sensory polyneuropathy in which there is segmental demyelination, axonal degeneration, and segmental remyelination. The nature of the uremic toxin and the underlying mechanism of these changes is unknown.The incidence in patients with “endstage” renal disease has fallen in recent years, severe cases now being rare, perhaps due to refinements in chronic hemodialysis, transplantation, and other therapies. However, while chronic hemodialysis stabilizes uremic neuropathy, manipulation of hemodialysis schedules may not alter its course, according to current assessment. Successful renal transplantation improves both the clinical and electrophysiological signs, even in severe uremic neuropathy.

scholarly journals Neuropathy in Chronic Renal Failure

2013 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 116-127
Author(s):  
Md Munzur Alahi ◽  
Md Pervez Amin ◽  
Md Ahmed Ali ◽  
Md Kafiluddin ◽  
Quamruddin Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Renal Failure ◽  
Chronic Renal Failure ◽  
Peripheral Neuropathy ◽  
Axonal Degeneration ◽  
Muscle Wasting ◽  
Autonomic Failure ◽  
Neurological Complications ◽  
Vibration Sense ◽  
Pathologic Features ◽  
Large Fiber

Peripheral neuropathy is common in chronic renal failure patients and it’s early detection and treatment reduces the sufferings of these patients. Studies of neuropathy in ESKD have demonstrated prevalence rates which vary from 60 to 100%. The striking pathologic features of peripheral neuropathy in patients of CRF are axonal degeneration in the most distal nerve trunks with secondary segmental demyelination. The most frequent clinical features are those of large-fiber involvement, with paresthesias, reduction in deep tendon reflexes, impaired vibration sense, weakness and muscle wasting. Patients of CRF may present with mononeuropathies or autonomic failure also. The exact cause of nerve involvement has not been identified but the middle molecule hypothesis is widely accepted. Dialysis in any form fails to improve the neuropathy but renal transplantation does improve the neurological complications. This review details the various features of neuropathy in patients of chronic renal failure. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjn.v28i2.17183 Bangladesh Journal of Neuroscience 2012; Vol. 28 (2): 116-127

Primary hyperoxaluria in an adult with renal failure, livedo reticularis, retinopathy, and peripheral neuropathy

1997 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 947-952 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Farrell ◽  
James D. Shoemaker ◽  
Theodore Otti ◽  
Wade Jordan ◽  
Larry Schoch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renal Failure ◽  
Peripheral Neuropathy ◽  
Primary Hyperoxaluria ◽  
Livedo Reticularis

The Recovery of Peripheral Nerves following Tissue Expansion

1992 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. H. MILNER ◽  
P. R. WILKINS
Keyword(s):  
Sciatic Nerve ◽  
Histological Examination ◽  
Conduction Velocity ◽  
Peripheral Nerves ◽  
Axonal Degeneration ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Tissue Expansion ◽  
Segmental Demyelination ◽  
Nerve Model ◽  
The Mean

A rat sciatic nerve model has been used to study the response of nerves to tissue expansion and their recovery at intervals up to 100 days using electrophysiology and histological methods. Tissue expansion has been shown to increase nerve length by 32% of which half remained at 100 days. Following tissue expansion the mean conduction velocity of the sciatic nerve was reduced to 30.0 ± 1.35 m/s which represented 60.3% of control values, by 100 days the conduction velocity had almost returned to normal. Histological examination showed the cause of the reduction in function to be due to segmental demyelination without axonal degeneration, these changes returned towards normal during the recovery period but were not completely reversed by 100 days.

Oxalate Bone Disease - an Emerging Form of Renal Osteodystrophy

1989 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 715-719 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.R. Brady ◽  
W.P. Fay ◽  
H.E. Meema ◽  
S. Rabinovich ◽  
A. Rapoport ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renal Failure ◽  
Bone Biopsy ◽  
Primary Hyperoxaluria ◽  
Hemodialysis Patients ◽  
Chronic Hemodialysis ◽  
Calcium Oxalate Crystals ◽  
Stimulate Bone Resorption ◽  
Biopsy Specimens ◽  
Marrow Space ◽  
Sufficient Magnitude

Rosette-like arrays of highly birefringent calcium oxalate crystals are commonly seen in the marrow space of bone biopsy specimens taken from patients with primary hyperoxaluria, particularly if complicated by renal failure. Similar deposits have been described in chronic hemodialysis patients with secondary forms of oxalosis. Large multinucleated histiocytes may be seen surrounding these crystal deposits. Many of these cells are histologically indistinguishable from osteoclasts. We present a patient in whom this histiocytic reaction appeared to be of sufficient magnitude to stimulate bone resorption and to cause severe osteodystrophy. This observation, and those of other investigators reviewed in the discussion, suggest that oxalate deposition within bone may contribute to the pathogenesis of uremic osteodystrophy in chronic renal failure patients with primary or secondary types of oxalosis.

Age-Related Changes in Peripheral Nerves of the Dog. I. A Morphologic and Morphometric Study of Single-Teased Fibers

1982 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 365-378 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. G. Braund ◽  
J. A. McGuire ◽  
C. E. Lincoln
Keyword(s):  
Peripheral Nerves ◽  
Neuromuscular Disease ◽  
Axonal Degeneration ◽  
Fiber Diameter ◽  
Morphometric Study ◽  
Segmental Demyelination ◽  
Internodal Length ◽  
Age Related ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Relationship

Incidence of lesions in single-teased myelinated fibers and the relationship between internodal length and fiber diameter were studied by morphologic and morphometric techniques on common peroneal and ulnar nerves of 28 dogs between three months and 15 years of age that were free of neuromuscular disease. Minimal lesions were seen in nerves of dogs under ten years of age, usually involving less than 3% of the teased fibers; however, in older dogs, the mean incidence of lesions that included axonal degeneration and segmental demyelination and remyelination, increased to 6% and 9% in ulnar and common peroneal nerves, respectively. A positive correlation (p < 0.0001) between internodal length and fiber diameter was found in both nerves from immature and mature dogs, but slopes of regression lines were reduced in older dogs.

A Neuropathy in Goats Caused by Experimental Coyotillo (Karwinskia humboldtiana) Poisoning

1970 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 420-434 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. M. Charlton ◽  
K. R. Pierce
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Sciatic Nerve ◽  
Schwann Cells ◽  
Active Transport ◽  
Peripheral Nerves ◽  
Wallerian Degeneration ◽  
Light And Electron Microscopy ◽  
Segmental Demyelination ◽  
Femoral Site ◽  
Oral Doses

Lesions in peripheral nerves from 12 goats poisoned experimentally with coyotillo were studied by light and electron microscopy. The goats were poisoned with daily oral doses of the ground coyotillo fruits and killed at various times after the first day of dosing. Lesions at a mid-femoral site of the sciatic nerve included swelling of Schwann cells, degeneration of mitochondria, depletion of glycogen, splitting of myelin, segmental demyelination, and Wallerian degeneration. The results were suggestive of primary mitochondrial injury in Schwann cells with resultant impaired active transport, intracellular edema, splitting of myelin, and segmental demyelination.

A comparative study of brain atrophy by computerized tomography in chronic renal failure and chronic hemodialysis

2009 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 378-385 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Papageorgiou ◽  
P. Ziroyannis ◽  
J. Vathylakis ◽  
A. Grigoriadis ◽  
V. Hatzikonstantinou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renal Failure ◽  
Chronic Renal Failure ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Computerized Tomography ◽  
Brain Atrophy ◽  
Chronic Hemodialysis

scholarly journals Diabetic peripheral neuropathy: epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinic, diagnostics, treatment

2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 139-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
A N Belova ◽  
M N Kudykin ◽  
G E Sheiko
Keyword(s):  
Peripheral Neuropathy ◽  
Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy ◽  
Peripheral Nerves ◽  
Pain Syndrome ◽  
Common Complication ◽  
Review Of Literature ◽  
Chronic Hyperglycemia ◽  
Progressive Degeneration ◽  
Pathophysiologic Mechanisms

The article contains the review of literature data dedicated to the most common complication associated with diabetes mellitus (DM) - the diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN). DPN is regarded as economic burden for any state and significantly influences the quality of patient’s life. DPN is characterized by progressive degeneration of peripheral nerves that leads to pain syndrome, movement disorders and loss of sensation. There is a set of theories of development of DPN, but the major etiological factor is the chronic hyperglycemia. The article describes pathophysiologic mechanisms of DPN development. It is noted that considering high variability of clinical pattern DPN has no unified classification. The article addresses issues related to diagnostics and criteria of establishing the diagnosis. Special attention of the article is dedicated to pathogenic and expected treatment methods.

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