Equivalent spatial location memory deficits in rats with medial septum or hippocampal formation lesions and patients with dementia of the Alzheimer's type

1989 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 289-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raymond P Kesner ◽  
Ted B Adelstein ◽  
Keith A Crutcher
Keyword(s):  
Hippocampal Formation ◽  
Spatial Location ◽  
Memory Deficits ◽  
Medial Septum ◽  
Location Memory

Discharge patterns of hippocampal theta-related cells in the caudal diencephalon of the urethan-anesthetized rat

1995 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 322-333 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. H. Bland ◽  
J. Konopacki ◽  
I. J. Kirk ◽  
S. D. Oddie ◽  
C. T. Dickson
Keyword(s):  
Hippocampal Formation ◽  
Medial Septum ◽  
The Body ◽  
Hypothalamic Nucleus ◽  
Medial Nucleus ◽  
Hippocampal Field ◽  
Discharge Rates ◽  
Field Activity ◽  
Discharge Patterns ◽  
Hippocampal Theta

1. Single-unit discharge patterns of cells in specific nuclei of the caudal diencephalon were characterized in relation to simultaneously recorded field activity from the stratum moleculare of the dentate gyrus according to the criteria that have been used previously to classify cells in the hippocampal formation (including entorhinal cortex), medial septum, and cingulate cortex. Theta (theta)-related cells were classified as 1) tonic theta-ON, if they discharged nonrhythmically and increased their discharge rates during hippocampal theta relative to large, irregular hippocampal field activity (LIA); 2) tonic theta-OFF, if they discharged nonrhythmically and decreased their discharge rates during theta relative to LIA; or 3) phasic theta-ON, if they discharged rhythmically and in phase with ongoing theta, but nonrhythmically during LIA. Cells not meeting any of the above criteria were classified as nonrelated. 2. Recordings were obtained in a total of 127 cells from the caudal diencephalon. Recordings were made in 54 cells from the posterior hypothalamic nucleus (PH), 16 from the supramammillary nucleus (SuM), 20 from the PH/SuM border, and 23 from the medial mammillary nucleus (MM). Recordings were also made from nine cells from the central medial nucleus of the thalamus (CM) and five from the dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus (DMH). 3. Of the 54 PH cells, 43 (80%) were classified as tonic theta-ON and 11 (20%) as nonrelated. Tonic theta-ON cells in the PH discharged at significantly higher rates during theta, either occurring spontaneously (9.6 +/- 1.7 Hz, mean +/- SE) or elicited with a tail pinch (TP theta; 10.6 +/- 1.9 Hz), than during LIA (3.6 +/- 1.4 Hz). Of the nine CM cells, seven (78%) were tonic theta-ON and two (22%) were nonrelated. Tonic theta-ON cells discharged at significantly higher rates during theta (17.5 +/- 7.8 Hz) or TP theta (18.0 +/- 7.1 Hz) than during LIA (7.3 +/- 4.8 Hz). All DMH cells were nonrelated. 4. Of the 20 PH/SuM border cells, 15 (75%) were classified as tonic theta-OFF and discharged at significantly higher rates during LIA (5.3 +/- 1.5 Hz) than during theta (0.8 +/- 0.4 Hz) or TP theta (0.4 +/- 0.3 Hz). Five (25%) cells in the PH/SuM border were nonrelated. 5. All of the 16 cells (100%) recorded from the body of the SuM were phasic theta-ON. The discharge rates of these cells did not change significantly across hippocampal field states (LIA = 8.3 +/- 1.6; theta = 7.3 +/- 1.6; TP theta = 8.6 +/- 1.7 Hz).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Functional Connectivity Between the Red Nucleus and the Hippocampus Supports the Role of Hippocampal Formation in Sensorimotor Integration

2004 ◽  
Vol 92 (4) ◽  
pp. 2040-2050 ◽  
Author(s):  
Audny T. Dypvik ◽  
Brian H. Bland
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Sensorimotor Integration ◽  
Hippocampal Formation ◽  
Discharge Rate ◽  
Red Nucleus ◽  
Medial Septum ◽  
Procaine Hydrochloride ◽  
Integration Model ◽  
Functional Connections ◽  
Field Activity

Experiments were carried out in urethane-anesthetized rats to evaluate the hypothesis that the red nucleus has functional connections with the hippocampal formation. Depth profiles of electrical stimulation in experiment 1 confirmed that stimulation administered to the red nucleus elicited theta field activity in the hippocampal formation with a linear relationship between stimulus intensity and theta frequency. Experiment 2 showed that microinfusion of local anesthetic procaine hydrochloride into the medial septum resulted in a reversible blockade of theta field activity elicited by electrical stimulation of the red nucleus. In experiment 3, the discharge activity of red nucleus cells was recorded during the field conditions of hippocampal synchrony (theta) and hippocampal asynchrony [large amplitude irregular activity (LIA)]. Analysis revealed that 26/46 (56%) of red nucleus cells were theta-related, whereas the remaining 20 (44%) were nonrelated. The majority of theta-related cells were classified as tonic theta-on. A brief increase above the basal discharge rate of tonic theta-on red nucleus cells during LIA predicted the transition from LIA to theta with 400- to 500-ms latency. Furthermore, higher frequency transitional discharges predicted higher theta frequencies, whereas higher discharge rates during theta predicted shifts to higher theta frequencies. The results supported the conclusion that the red nucleus, traditionally associated with motor functions, is functionally connected with the neural circuitry involved in the generation of theta band oscillation and synchrony in the hippocampal formation, in agreement with the predictions of the sensorimotor integration model of hippocampal function.

scholarly journals Plasticity in the Rat Hippocampal Formation following Ibotenic Acid Lesion of the Septal Region: A Quantitative [14C]Deoxyglucose and Acetylcholinesterase Study

1992 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 1007-1021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jörg-Bernhard Schulz ◽  
Andreas Wree ◽  
Axel Schleicher ◽  
Karl Zilles
Keyword(s):  
Hippocampal Formation ◽  
Processing System ◽  
Ibotenic Acid ◽  
Staining Intensity ◽  
Medial Septum ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Diagonal Band ◽  
Computerized Image Processing ◽  
Univariate Statistics ◽  
Bilateral Lesions

The local cerebral glucose utilization was measured in the hippocampal formation 3, 21, and 90 days after bilateral lesions of the medial septal nucleus and the nucleus of the diagonal band of Broca by multiple ibotenic acid injections. The CMRglc was determined in hippocampal areas and layers and various limbic and visual regions by quantitative [14C]2-deoxyglucose autoradiography using a computerized image-processing system. Three days after lesion, CMRglc was significantly decreased in 26 of the 38 structures examined. The most pronounced reductions were found in CA2 and CA3, the subiculum, and the parasubiculum. The CMRglc values of the 21- and 90-day postlesion groups did not differ significantly from control data when univariate statistics were used. However, by means of a factor analysis and subsequently a discriminant analysis as a multivariate test for group differences, significant lesion-induced CMRglc changes could be detected between the control group, the 3-day group, and the 90-day group. The 21-day group did not differ significantly from the controls. The data indicate that 90 days after lesion of the medial septum/diagonal band complex (MSDB), a considerable recovery of the mean CMRglc was found in the hippocampal region, although a normal level was not reached. In a parallel series, processing of sections for acetylcholinesterase (AChE) histochemistry revealed a severe destruction of AChE-positive fibers in the hippocampus at 3 days after lesion and a conspicuous recovery in the amount of stain-able fibers and their staining intensity at 21 days postlesion. In the 90-day group, the AChE fibers recovered even further but did not reach the values of unlesioned sham-operated controls. The present study indicates that sprouting of surviving cholinergic afferents might be an important morphological substrate for CMRglc recovery in the hippocampus after MSDB lesion.

scholarly journals Sexual orientation related differences in spatial memory

2003 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 376-383 ◽  
Author(s):  
QAZI RAHMAN ◽  
GLENN D. WILSON ◽  
SHARON ABRAHAMS
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Orientation ◽  
Object Recognition ◽  
Spatial Memory ◽  
Spatial Location ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Relational Information ◽  
Location Memory ◽  
Object Location Memory ◽  
Spatial Layouts ◽  
Males And Females

The purpose of this study was to investigate and extend previously reported sex differences in object location memory by comparing the performance of heterosexual and homosexual males and females. Subjects were 240 healthy, right-handed heterosexual and homosexual males and females. They were instructed to study 16 common, gender-neutral objects arranged randomly in an array and subsequently tested for object recall, object recognition and spatial location memory. Females recalled significantly more objects than males, although there were no group differences in object recognition. Decomposition of significant interactions between sex and sexual orientation on spatial location memory (controlling for differences in object recall, age and IQ) revealed that heterosexual females and homosexual males scored better than heterosexual males, and no different from each other. There were no differences between homosexual and heterosexual females. The findings suggest that homosexual males and heterosexual females encode, store and retrieve positional and relational information about spatial layouts similarly, pointing to within-sex variations in the neural architecture underlying spatial memory. (JINS, 2003, 9, 376–383.)

scholarly journals Adult mice maintained on a high-fat diet exhibit object location memory deficits and reduced hippocampal SIRT1 gene expression

2012 ◽  
Vol 98 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frankie D. Heyward ◽  
R. Grace Walton ◽  
Matthew S. Carle ◽  
Mark A. Coleman ◽  
W. Timothy Garvey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Memory Deficits ◽  
Object Location ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Location Memory ◽  
Adult Mice ◽  
Object Location Memory ◽  
Sirt1 Gene

Developmental normative data for the Baron-Hopkins Board test of spatial location memory

2014 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 732-750 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ida Sue Baron ◽  
Crista Hopp ◽  
Brandi A. Weiss
Keyword(s):  
Normative Data ◽  
Spatial Location ◽  
Location Memory ◽  
Board Test

scholarly journals Coding of social novelty in the hippocampal CA2 region and its disruption and rescue in a mouse model of schizophrenia

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Macayla L. Donegan ◽  
Fabio Stefanini ◽  
Torcato Meira ◽  
Joshua A. Gordon ◽  
Stefano Fusi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mouse Model ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Pyramidal Neurons ◽  
Social Memory ◽  
Spatial Location ◽  
Memory Deficits ◽  
Spatial Coding ◽  
Social Stimuli ◽  
The Social ◽  
22Q11.2 Microdeletion

AbstractThe hippocampal CA2 region is essential for social memory and has been implicated in neuropsychiatric disorders. However, little is known about how CA2 neural activity encodes social interactions and how this coding is altered in disease. We recorded from CA2 pyramidal neurons as mice engaged in social interactions and found that while CA2 failed to stably represent spatial location, CA2 activity encoded contextual changes and novel social stimuli. In the Df(16)A+/- mouse model of the human 22q11.2 microdeletion, a major schizophrenia risk factor, CA2 activity showed a surprising increase in spatial coding while failing to encode social novelty, consistent with the social memory deficit in these mice. Previous work has shown that CA2 pyramidal neurons are hyperpolarized in Df(16)A+/- mice, likely as a result of upregulation of TREK-1 K+ current. We found that administration of a TREK-1 antagonist rescued the social memory deficits and restored normal CA2 coding properties in Df(16)A+/- mice, supporting a crucial role for CA2 in the encoding of novel social stimuli and social dysfunction.

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