Effect of fiber type and fabric moisture content on the hydration state of human stratum corneum

1993 ◽  
Vol 18 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 421-427 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy L. Markee ◽  
Kathryn L. Hatch ◽  
Harriet H. Prato ◽  
S.Haig Zeronian ◽  
Howard I. Maibach
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Stratum Corneum ◽  
Fiber Type ◽  
Human Stratum Corneum ◽  
Hydration State

Effect of Natural and Synthetic Fibers and Film and Moisture Content on Stratum Corneum Hydration in an Occlusive System

1997 ◽  
Vol 67 (8) ◽  
pp. 585-592 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce A. Cameron ◽  
Donna M. Brown ◽  
Merry Jo Dallas ◽  
Brenda Brandt
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Stratum Corneum ◽  
Natural Fiber ◽  
Fiber Type ◽  
Normal Skin ◽  
Synthetic Fiber ◽  
Hydration Level ◽  
Synthetic Fibers ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Natural And Synthetic

The effects of fabric made from natural and synthetic fibers and film on transepidermal water loss (tewl) from the stratum corneum (sc) were investigated using an occluded system. Sixteen fabrics differing in fiber type and construction were placed on the volar forearm of 35 female subjects in a dry state (standard moisture regain) and a wetted state. Each fabric was in place for 40 minutes before tewl was measured. There was no statistically significant difference in tewl measurements on a control skin site from the beginning to the end of the 75-minute test session in a controlled conditioned environment. Placement of dry fabrics on the skin did not significantly affect the hydration level of the sc, though all dry fabrics did increase the hydration level slightly. Wetted wool and cotton fabrics significantly hydrated the sc when levels were compared to either normal skin or skin covered by dry fabrics. Of the seven synthetic fiber fabrics tested in a wetted state, three (acrylic, ptfe, and spun nylon) significantly increased the sc hydration level. These three fabrics and the natural fiber fabrics had comparable wetted moisture content.

In Vivo Cutaneous Response to Fabric Part V: Effect of Fiber Type and Fabric Moisture Content on Stratum Corneum Hydration

1992 ◽  
Vol 62 (11) ◽  
pp. 638-647 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathryn L. Hatch ◽  
Nancy L. Markee ◽  
Harriet H. Prato ◽  
S. Haig Zeronian ◽  
Howard I. Maibach ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Stratum Corneum ◽  
Cotton Fabric ◽  
Fiber Type ◽  
Normal Skin ◽  
Polyester Fabric ◽  
Evaporative Water ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Stratum Corneum Hydration

Fabric placed over human skin may change the stratum corneum (SC) hydration level, an important phenomenon because increases in normal levels of SC hydration pose potential health problems. The skin becomes more susceptible to abrasive damage, increases in permeability, and is more prone to microbial growth. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of fiber type and fabric moisture content on SC hydration. Using three similarly constructed knit fabrics, six fabric type/moisture content combinations were selected for the tests. Using an occluded plastic dome, fabric samples were placed on both “normal” and “hydrated” volar forearm skin of subjects for a specified time period, then removed. Two minutes after removal, evaporative water loss and skin temperature were measured. The design of the study was a randomized complete block with all possible treatment combinations applied to each subject. Data were analyzed using analyses of variance on the linear and quadratic coefficients of best fit lines and Bonferroni t tests. For “normal” skin, SC hydration generally increased as fabric moisture content increased. The SC was significantly drier after being in contact with cotton fabric at regain than at the two moisture content levels above regain, and also under polyester fabric. For hydrated skin, the hydration state was significantly lower under the cotton fabric at regain than at 38.6% moisture content and at saturation, but was not significantly different under the polyester fabric at regain and at saturation.

Thermal Behaviour of Human Stratum Corneum

2006 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 132-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.L. Silva ◽  
S.C.C. Nunes ◽  
M.E.S. Eusébio ◽  
A.A.C.C. Pais ◽  
J.J.S. Sousa
Keyword(s):  
Stratum Corneum ◽  
Thermal Behaviour ◽  
Human Stratum Corneum

Mobility of Water in Human Stratum Corneum

2003 ◽  
Vol 92 (11) ◽  
pp. 2326-2340 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerald B. Kasting ◽  
Namrata D. Barai ◽  
Tsuo‐Feng Wang ◽  
Johannes M. Nitsche
Keyword(s):  
Stratum Corneum ◽  
Human Stratum Corneum

Human Skin Binding and Absorption of Contaminants from Ground and Surface Water During Swimming and Bathing

1989 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 853-859 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald C. Wester ◽  
Howard I. Maibach
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Stratum Corneum ◽  
Human Skin ◽  
The Body ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Exposure Effect ◽  
Human Stratum Corneum ◽  
Water Dilution

Contaminants exist in ground and surface water. Human skin has the capacity to bind and then absorb these contaminants into the body during swimming and bathing. Powdered human stratum corneum will bind both lipid-soluble (alachlor, polychlorinated biphenyls [PCBs], benzene) and water-soluble (nitroaniline) chemicals. In vitro (human skin) and in vivo (Rhesus monkey) studies show that these chemicals readily distribute into skin, and then some of the chemical is absorbed into the body. Linearity in binding and absorption exists for nitroaniline over a 10-fold concentration range. Multiple exposure to benzene is at least cumulative. Binding and absorption can be significant for exposures as short as 30 min, and will increase with time. Absorption with water dilution increased for alachlor, but not for dinoseb. Soap reversed the partitioning of alachlor between human stratum corneum and water. The PCBs could be removed from skin by soap and water (70% efficiency) for up to 3 h and then decontamination potential decreased, due to continuing skin absorption. The model in vitro and in vivo systems used should permit easy estimation of this area of extensive human exposure effect on risk assessment.

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