Evolution and somatic learning in V-region genes

Abstract This report describes the clinical and immunoglobulin features of a patient with gamma heavy chain disease (HCD), who presented with a clinical picture suggestive of an underlying malignancy rather than the usual picture of lymphoma or granulomatous disease. A unique clinical feature was the nearly total replacement of the submaxillary glands by plasma cells. The patient's serum and urine contained a paraprotein, gammaHCD protein BAZ, which belongs to the gamma1 subclass and forms noncovalently linked dimers with a molecular weight of approximately 60,000 daltons. This mutant protein exhibited a deletion which encompassed most of the variable (V) region, the first constant domain (CH 1), and the hinge region. In addition, preliminary structural analyses demonstrated the replacement of alanine by glycine in position 431 of the carboxyterminal octadecapeptide. This substitution may possibly represent another allotypic marker on IgG1 proteins.

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Unexpected Diversity in the Fine Specificity of Monoclonal Antibodies That Use the Same V Region Gene to Glucuronoxylomannan ofCryptococcus neoformans

The Journal of Immunology ◽

10.4049/jimmunol.172.6.3670 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 172 (6) ◽

pp. 3670-3677 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Diane C. McFadden ◽

Arturo Casadevall

Keyword(s):

Monoclonal Antibodies ◽

Region Gene ◽

Fine Specificity ◽

V Region

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Multiple Distinct Sets of Stereotyped Antigen Receptors Indicate a Role for Antigen in Promoting Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia

Journal of Experimental Medicine ◽

10.1084/jem.20040544 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 200 (4) ◽

pp. 519-525 ◽

Cited By ~ 275

Author(s):

Bradley T. Messmer ◽

Emilia Albesiano ◽

Dimitar G. Efremov ◽

Fabio Ghiotto ◽

Steven L. Allen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Amino Acid ◽

B Cell ◽

Structural Features ◽

Lymphocytic Leukemia ◽

Cell Subpopulation ◽

Amino Acid Residues ◽

Antigen Receptors ◽

Region Gene ◽

V Region ◽

Unique Amino Acid

Previous studies suggest that the diversity of the expressed variable (V) region repertoire of the immunoglobulin (Ig)H chain of B-CLL cells is restricted. Although limited examples of marked constraint in the primary structure of the H and L chain V regions exist, the possibility that this level of restriction is a general principle in this disease has not been accepted. This report describes five sets of patients, mostly with unmutated or minimally mutated IgV genes, with strikingly similar B cell antigen receptors (BCRs) arising from the use of common H and L chain V region gene segments that share CDR3 structural features such as length, amino acid composition, and unique amino acid residues at recombination junctions. Thus, a much more striking degree of structural restriction of the entire BCR and a much higher frequency of receptor sharing exists among patients than appreciated previously. The data imply that either a significant fraction of B-CLL cells was selected by a limited set of antigenic epitopes at some point in their development and/or that they derive from a distinct B cell subpopulation with limited Ig V region diversity. These shared, stereotyped Ig molecules may be valuable probes for antigen identification and important targets for cross-reactive idiotypic therapy.

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A Simple Method for Prediction of Effective Core Area and Index of Refraction of Single-mode Graded Index Fiber in the Low V Region

Journal of Optical Communications ◽

10.1515/joc-2014-0020 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 35 (4) ◽

Author(s):

Angshuman Majumdar ◽

Satabdi Das ◽

Sankar Gangopadhyay

Keyword(s):

Refractive Index ◽

Single Mode ◽

Index Of Refraction ◽

Core Area ◽

Exact Results ◽

Simple Method ◽

Graded Index ◽

Core Areas ◽

V Region ◽

User Friendly

AbstractBased on the simple power series formulation of fundamental mode developed by Chebyshev formalism in the low V region, we prescribe analytical expression for effective core area of graded index fiber. Taking step and parabolic index fibers as examples, we estimate the effective core areas as well as effective refractive index for different normalized frequencies (V number) having low values. We also show that our estimations match excellently with the available exact results. The concerned predictions by our method require little computation. Thus, this simple but accurate formalism will be user friendly for the system engineers.

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