Anoxia in parietal cells of the frog gastric mucosa

Effect of histamine on the activity of succinic oxidase and malic dehydrogenase was studied in guinea pig and human gastric mucosa. Human tissue was obtained through the surgical services of the Boston City Hospital. Control value for the succinic oxidase system of the proximal half of the guinea pig stomach was approximately 480 ( Qo2 (N) (µl O2/mg nitrogen/hr.)). After histamine, this value rose to 550 in 30 minutes with a simultaneous rise in titratable acidity of the stomach contents. Animals fasted for 72 hours had a Qo2 (N) of approximately 500 and after histamine a Qo2 (N) of 700 was observed. Spectrophotometric analysis of succinic dehydrogenase and cytochrome oxidase activities, two of the major components of the succinic oxidase system, revealed that both components are increased following histamine administration. Malic dehydrogenase, however, was not affected by histamine treatment. Succinic dehydrogenase was demonstrated by histochemical localization and was concentrated below the superficial mucous layer where parietal cells were abundant. Succinic oxidase activity of human gastric mucosa was demonstrable only in those specimens containing abundant parietal cells. This study confirms the view that HCl production by parietal cells is associated with aerobic metabolism and is perhaps under enzymatic control. The study suggests that the succinic oxidase system may be involved in the production or secretion of HCl.

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Primary culture of secretagogue-responsive parietal cells from rabbit gastric mucosa

AJP Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpgi.1989.256.1.g254 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 256 (1) ◽

pp. G254-G263 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

C. S. Chew ◽

M. Ljungstrom ◽

A. Smolka ◽

M. R. Brown

Keyword(s):

Gastric Mucosa ◽

Primary Culture ◽

Cultured Cells ◽

Single Cells ◽

Parietal Cells ◽

Ultrastructural Changes ◽

Long Term Effects ◽

H2 Receptor Antagonist ◽

Morphological Transformations

A new procedure for isolation and primary culture of gastric parietal cells is described. Parietal cells from rabbit gastric mucosa are enriched to greater than 95% purity by combining a Nycodenz gradient separation with centrifugal elutriation. Cells are plated on the basement membrane matrix, Matrigel, and maintained in culture for at least 1 wk. Parietal cells cultured in this manner remain differentiated, cross-react with monoclonal H+-K+-ATPase antibodies, and respond to histamine, gastrin, and cholinergic stimulation with increased acid production as measured by accumulation of the weak base, [14C]aminopyrine. When stimulated, cultured cells undergo ultrastructural changes in which intracellular canaliculi expand and numerous microvilli are observed. These ultrastructural changes are similar to those previously found to occur in vivo and in acutely isolated parietal cells. Morphological transformations in living cells can also be observed with differential interference contrast optics in the light microscope. After histamine stimulation, intracellular canaliculi gradually expand to form large vacuolar spaces. When the H2 receptor antagonist, cimetidine, is added to histamine-stimulated cells, these vacuoles gradually disappear. The ability to maintain hormonally responsive parietal cells in primary culture should make it possible to study direct, long-term effects of a variety of agonists and antagonists on parietal cell secretory-related activity. These cultured cells should also prove to be useful for the study of calcium transients, ion fluxes, and intracellular pH as related to acid secretion in single cells, particularly since morphological transformations can be used to monitor "physiological" responses at the same time within the same cell.

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Purification of Gastric Mucosal ECL Cells from a Crude Elutriation Fraction

The Scientific World JOURNAL ◽

10.1100/tsw.2002.852 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 2 ◽

pp. 1643-1645 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

John Graham

Keyword(s):

Gastric Mucosa ◽

Ion Transport ◽

Parietal Cell ◽

Cell Function ◽

Parietal Cells ◽

Centrifugal Elutriation ◽

Ecl Cells ◽

Acid Secreting ◽

Density Barrier

Acid-secreting parietal cells from the gastric mucosa are widely studied as a model in studies on ion transport and the endocrine/paracrine ECL cells effectively control parietal cell function. Discontinuous gradients of iodixanol for the purification of ECL cells were subsequently simplified to the use of a density barrier. This technique is now commonly used following initial centrifugal elutriation.

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Localization of ClC-2 Cl− channels in rabbit gastric mucosa

AJP Cell Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpcell.2001.280.6.c1599 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 280 (6) ◽

pp. C1599-C1606 ◽

Cited By ~ 48

Author(s):

Ann M. Sherry ◽

Danuta H. Malinowska ◽

Randal E. Morris ◽

Georgianne M. Ciraolo ◽

John Cuppoletti

Keyword(s):

Gastric Mucosa ◽

Parietal Cell ◽

Functional Characterization ◽

Parietal Cells ◽

Immunogold Electron Microscopy ◽

Gastric Glands ◽

Canalicular Membrane ◽

Isolated Gastric Glands ◽

Hcl Secretion

HCl secretion across the parietal cell apical secretory membrane involves the H+-K+-ATPase, the ClC-2 Cl− channel, and a K+ channel. In the present study, the cellular and subcellular distribution of ClC-2 mRNA and protein was determined in the rabbit gastric mucosa and in isolated gastric glands. ClC-2 mRNA was localized to parietal cells by in situ hybridization and by direct in situ RT-PCR. By immunoperoxidase microscopy, ClC-2 protein was concentrated in parietal cells. Immunofluorescent confocal microscopy suggested that the ClC-2 was localized to the secretory canalicular membrane of stimulated parietal cells and to intracellular structures of resting parietal cells. Immunogold electron microscopy confirmed that ClC-2 is in the secretory canalicular membrane of stimulated cells and in tubulovesicles of resting parietal cells. These findings, together with previous functional characterization of the native and recombinant channel, strongly indicate that ClC-2 is the Cl− channel, which together with the H+-K+-ATPase and a K+ channel, results in HCl secretion across the parietal cell secretory membrane.

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Differential distribution of transforming growth factor-a immunohistochemistry within whole gastric mucosa in rats

European Journal of Histochemistry ◽

10.4081/847 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 47 (4) ◽

pp. 359 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

G Natale ◽

G Lazzeri ◽

C Blandizzi ◽

M Ferrucci ◽

M Del Tacca

Keyword(s):

Growth Factor ◽

Gastric Mucosa ◽

Transforming Growth Factor ◽

Parietal Cells ◽

Homogeneous Distribution ◽

Intense Staining ◽

Mean Intensity ◽

Greater Curvature ◽

Parallel Strips ◽

Lesser Curvature

Transforming growth factor-a (TGF-a) plays an important role in both proliferation and differentiation of mucosal cells at the gastrointestinal level, including stomach, where it is constitutively produced. This study evaluated the immunohistochemical distribution of TGF-a within whole gastric mucosa in rats, through the examination of seriate sections. Each stomach was opened along the greater curvature, pinned upon a cork plate, fixed in formalin and cut in 2-mm parallel strips which were sequentially superimposed on a glass slide. Sections were immunostained for TGF-a and pictures were taken from three areas: greater and lesser curvature; mucosa lying between the two curvatures. The sections were graded on the basis of the intensity of TGF-a staining, which was scored as follows: 0) no staining; 1) weakly positive; 2) intensely positive. The percent number of immunopositive cells and a mean intensity were calculated. Gastric mucosa showed a marked immunopositivity to TGF-a, mainly in parietal cells whose cytoplasm displayed moderate to intense staining. Positive cells (and the mean intensity) of total mucosa were 15.7±6.1% (1.13±0.42). However, they were not uniformly distributed, being 26.3±1.9% (1.67±0.24) in the mucosa lying between the two curvatures, 12.4±2.5% (1.52±0.22) along the lesser curvature and 8.3±2.1% (0.31±0.17) along the greater curvature. These results show that parietal cells of rat gastric mucosa exhibit immunoreactivity to TGF-a. Considering the gastroprotective effects of this factor, its non-homogeneous distribution within different areas may be of importance in understanding the lesion pattern of gastric damage after the administration of noxious agents.

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Ultrastructural topography of parietal cells of the gastric mucosa (morphometric investigation)

Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine ◽

10.1007/bf00790404 ◽

1976 ◽

Vol 82 (5) ◽

pp. 1740-1743 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

I. A. Morozov

Keyword(s):

Gastric Mucosa ◽

Parietal Cells ◽

Morphometric Investigation

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Differentiation of the Gastric Mucosa I. Role of histamine in control of function and integrity of oxyntic mucosa: understanding gastric physiology through disruption of targeted genes

AJP Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpgi.00178.2006 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 291 (4) ◽

pp. G539-G544 ◽

Cited By ~ 29

Author(s):

Duan Chen ◽

Takeshi Aihara ◽

Chun-Mei Zhao ◽

Rolf Håkanson ◽

Susumu Okabe

Keyword(s):

Gastric Mucosa ◽

Histidine Decarboxylase ◽

Parietal Cells ◽

Oxyntic Mucosa ◽

Mucosal Integrity ◽

Ecl Cells ◽

Gastric Physiology ◽

Ecl Cell ◽

Insight Into

Many physiological functions of the stomach depend on an intact mucosal integrity; function reflects structure and vice versa. Histamine in the stomach is synthesized by histidine decarboxylase (HDC), stored in enterochromaffin-like (ECL) cells, and released in response to gastrin, acting on CCK2 receptors on the ECL cells. Mobilized ECL cell histamine stimulates histamine H2 receptors on the parietal cells, resulting in acid secretion. The parietal cells express H2, M3, and CCK2 receptors and somatostatin sst2 receptors. This review discusses the consequences of disrupting genes that are important for ECL cell histamine release and synthesis (HDC, gastrin, and CCK2 receptor genes) and genes that are important for “cross-talk” between H2 receptors and other receptors on the parietal cell (CCK2, M3, and sst2 receptors). Such analysis may provide insight into the functional significance of gastric histamine.

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Gastric Parietal Cells: Potent Endocrine Role in Secreting Estrogen as a Possible Regulator of Gastro-Hepatic Axis

Endocrinology ◽

10.1210/endo.143.8.8974 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 143 (8) ◽

pp. 3162-3170 ◽

Cited By ~ 31

Author(s):

Takashi Ueyama ◽

Nobuyuki Shirasawa ◽

Mitsuteru Numazawa ◽

Keiko Yamada ◽

Momoko Shelangouski ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Estrogen Receptor ◽

In Situ Hybridization ◽

Gastric Mucosa ◽

Estrogen Receptor Α ◽

Parietal Cells ◽

Rt Pcr ◽

Hybridization Histochemistry ◽

In Situ Hybridization Histochemistry ◽

Gastric Parietal Cells

Abstract Estrogen, if it is produced in the gastrointestinal tract, may overflow into the systemic circulation in the case of increased portal-systemic shunting. This idea is in accord with a significant step-up in serum estradiol (E2) concentration in the portal vein of rats, compared with that in the artery. Gene expression of aromatase, estrogen synthetase, was demonstrated by RT-PCR in the gastric mucosa of male and female adult rats, equivalent to that in the ovary. Aromatase activity and production of E2 in the gastric mucosa were demonstrated by 3H2O assay and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and they were inhibited by aromatase inhibitor, 4-hydroxyandrostenedione. Conversion of 14C-androstenedione to 14C-E2 through 14C-testosterone in cultured gastric mucosa was also demonstrated. Parietal cells exhibited strong signals for aromatase mRNA and immunoreactive protein by in situ hybridization histochemistry and immunohistochemistry. Estrogen receptor α mRNA and immunoreactive protein were demonstrated in hepatocytes by RT-PCR, in situ hybridization histochemistry, and immunohistochemistry. Total gastrectomy reduced portal venous E2 concentration, without changing systemic E2 concentration, together with down-regulation of estrogen receptor α mRNA level in the liver. These findings indicate that gastric parietal cells play a potent endocrine role in secreting estrogen that may function as a regulator of the gastro-hepatic axis.

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