Laboratory studies on the culture of the brine shrimp Artemia using organic wastes

Abstract Malformations of crustaceans have been observed in their natural habitats as well as in laboratory studies. Two patterns of morphological abnormalities have been recorded in species of the brine shrimp genus Artemia, including a gynandromorphic pattern and a specimen with three compound eyes. Here we report a hitherto unknown pattern of morphological deformation, viz., a tumour-like abnormality that occurred in the telson skeleton of a specimen of Artemia from China.

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Dispersal of aquatic invertebrates by lesser black-backed gulls and white storks within and between inland habitats

Aquatic Sciences ◽

10.1007/s00027-021-00842-3 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 84 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Víctor Martín-Vélez ◽

Marta I. Sánchez ◽

Ádam Lovas-Kiss ◽

Francisco Hortas ◽

Andy J. Green

Keyword(s):

Brine Shrimp ◽

Aquatic Invertebrates ◽

High Mobility ◽

First Record ◽

Metapopulation Dynamics ◽

Laboratory Studies ◽

Aquatic Habitats ◽

South West ◽

Larus Fuscus ◽

White Storks

AbstractWaterbirds can transport aquatic invertebrates internally, contributing to metapopulation dynamics between aquatic habitats in a terrestrial matrix. However, research into this dispersal process to date has focused on individual field sites or laboratory studies. We investigated the invertebrates dispersed by endozoochory by the lesser black-backed gull Larus fuscus wintering in Andalusia, south-west Spain in 2016–2017, comparing seven sites interconnected by their movements, with different degrees of anthropogenization [three landfills, two saltpan complexes, a natural lake, and a large (370 km2) ricefield area]. In the ricefields, we also compared invertebrates dispersed by gulls with those dispersed by the larger white stork Ciconia ciconia. A total of 642 intact invertebrates and their propagules (mainly plumatellid bryozoans, cladocerans, and other branchiopods) were recorded in excreta (faeces and pellets) from gulls and storks. A greater diversity and abundance of invertebrates were recorded in ricefields, notably 43 individuals of the alien snail Physella acuta. One snail was still alive in a gull pellet 3 weeks after being stored in a fridge. This represents the first record of snail dispersal within waterbird pellets. Viability was also confirmed for the cladoceran Macrothrix rosea recorded in ricefields, and the alien brine shrimp Artemia franciscana recorded mainly in saltpans. In ricefields, gulls and pellets had significantly fewer propagules and fewer taxa per gram of excreta than storks and faeces, respectively. Through their high mobility, gulls and storks can disperse invertebrates between different natural and artificial habitats, and even to landfills. They can promote metapopulation dynamics for native bryozoans and branchiopods, but also the spread of invasive snails and brine shrimp.

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Population dynamics of the brine shrimp Artemia persimilis Piccinelli & Prosdocimi, 1968 (Crustacea, Anostraca) in a hypersaline lake of the Central Pampa (Argentina)

Biota Neotropica ◽

10.1590/1676-0611-bn-2017-0353 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 17 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Alicia M. Vignatti ◽

Gabriela C. Cabrera ◽

Santiago A. Echaniz

Keyword(s):

Brine Shrimp ◽

High Salinity ◽

Hypersaline Lake ◽

Laboratory Studies ◽

Natural Conditions ◽

Present Information ◽

Biological Aspects ◽

The Mean ◽

Density And Biomass ◽

Artemia Persimilis

Abstract The anostracan Artemia is one of the few organisms that can inhabit hypersaline lakes. In Argentina, this genus is represented by two species: the invasive A. franciscana Kellogg, 1906 and the autochthonous A. persimilis Piccinelli & Prosdocimi, 1968, the latter being the only one recorded in the province of La Pampa. Some of the biological aspects of A. persimilis are known based on laboratory studies, and data on its ecology in natural conditions are scarce. The aim of this work is to present information on the density, biomass, and population structure of A. persimilis in relation to environmental variables in Utracán, a hypersaline lake of the semiarid Central Pampa of Argentina. Water and zooplankton samples were taken monthly from May 2009 until August 2010. The mean density and biomass were 56.98 ind.L-1 (± 106.64) and 1.23 mg.L-1 (± 1.35), respectively. The species was negatively affected by salinity, and it was absent between November and February, when salinity exceeded 320 g.L-1. However, when it was present, even during the months of higher salinity, a high proportion of naupliar stages was found, which could indicate that, in nature, A. persimilis can reproduce with high salinity. Although it has been indicated that A. persimilis could be displaced by A. franciscana, the highest tolerance of the former at low temperatures, which allowed the population to continue reproducing at values close to 3°C, would limit its displacement. However, an increase in the temperature of lakes as a result of global warming could modify this situation and allow the advance of the introduced species to the south.

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Hydrogen Cyanide Polymers from the Impact of Comet P/Shoemaker-Levy 9 on Jupiter

International Astronomical Union Colloquium ◽

10.1017/s025292110001469x ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 161 ◽

pp. 179-187

Author(s):

Clifford N. Matthews ◽

Rose A. Pesce-Rodriguez ◽

Shirley A. Liebman

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Solar System ◽

Hydrogen Cyanide ◽

Nitrogen Heterocycles ◽

Laboratory Studies ◽

Heterogeneous Solids ◽

The Many ◽

Comet Halley ◽

The Impact ◽

By Products

AbstractHydrogen cyanide polymers – heterogeneous solids ranging in color from yellow to orange to brown to black – may be among the organic macromolecules most readily formed within the Solar System. The non-volatile black crust of comet Halley, for example, as well as the extensive orangebrown streaks in the atmosphere of Jupiter, might consist largely of such polymers synthesized from HCN formed by photolysis of methane and ammonia, the color observed depending on the concentration of HCN involved. Laboratory studies of these ubiquitous compounds point to the presence of polyamidine structures synthesized directly from hydrogen cyanide. These would be converted by water to polypeptides which can be further hydrolyzed to α-amino acids. Black polymers and multimers with conjugated ladder structures derived from HCN could also be formed and might well be the source of the many nitrogen heterocycles, adenine included, observed after pyrolysis. The dark brown color arising from the impacts of comet P/Shoemaker-Levy 9 on Jupiter might therefore be mainly caused by the presence of HCN polymers, whether originally present, deposited by the impactor or synthesized directly from HCN. Spectroscopic detection of these predicted macromolecules and their hydrolytic and pyrolytic by-products would strengthen significantly the hypothesis that cyanide polymerization is a preferred pathway for prebiotic and extraterrestrial chemistry.

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High-voltage electron microscopy of maxillary gland of spirochete-infected brine shrimp: lesion of efferent tubule

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100103875 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 46 ◽

pp. 362-363

Author(s):

G. E. Tyson ◽

M. J. Song

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

High Voltage ◽

Brine Shrimp ◽

Natural Populations ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Dimensional Structure ◽

High Voltage Electron Microscopy ◽

Voltage Electron ◽

High Voltage Electron ◽

Infected Adult

Natural populations of the brine shrimp, Artemia, may possess spirochete- infected animals in low numbers. The ultrastructure of Artemia's spirochete has been described by conventional transmission electron microscopy. In infected shrimp, spirochetal cells were abundant in the blood and also occurred intra- and extracellularly in the three organs examined, i.e. the maxillary gland (segmental excretory organ), the integument, and certain muscles The efferent-tubule region of the maxillary gland possessed a distinctive lesion comprised of a group of spirochetes, together with numerous small vesicles, situated in a cave-like indentation of the base of the tubule epithelium. in some instances the basal lamina at a lesion site was clearly discontinuous. High-voltage electron microscopy has now been used to study lesions of the efferent tubule, with the aim of understanding better their three-dimensional structure.Tissue from one maxillary gland of an infected, adult, female brine shrimp was used for HVEM study.

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Cognitive Aging in a Precision Sport Context

European Psychologist ◽

10.1027/1016-9040.1.3.166 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 1 (3) ◽

pp. 166-179 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Bo Molander ◽

Lars Bäckman

Keyword(s):

Older Adult ◽

Cognitive Abilities ◽

Cognitive Aging ◽

Motor Performance ◽

Intervention Programs ◽

Laboratory Studies ◽

High Arousal ◽

Memory And Attention ◽

Age Related ◽

Principal Finding

Highly skilled miniature golf players were examined in a series of field and laboratory studies. The principal finding from these studies is that young and young adult players (range = 15-38 years) score equally well or better in competition than in training whereas older adult players (range = 46-73 years) perform worse in competitive events than under training conditions. It was also found that the impairment in motor performance on the part of the older players is associated with age-related deficits in basic cognitive abilities, such as memory and attention. These results support the hypothesis that older players may be able to compensate for age-related deficits under relaxed conditions, but not under conditions of high arousal. The possibility of improving the performance of the older players in stressful situations by means of various intervention programs is discussed.

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Automation Surprise

Aviation Psychology and Applied Human Factors ◽

10.1027/2192-0923/a000113 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 28-41 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Robert J. de Boer ◽

Karel Hurts

Keyword(s):

Flight Control ◽

Representative Sample ◽

Aviation Safety ◽

Control Mode ◽

Cognitive Errors ◽

Laboratory Studies ◽

Airline Pilots ◽

Flight Operations ◽

Widespread Phenomenon ◽

Few Data

Abstract. Automation surprise (AS) has often been associated with aviation safety incidents. Although numerous laboratory studies have been conducted, few data are available from routine flight operations. A survey among a representative sample of 200 Dutch airline pilots was used to determine the prevalence of AS and the severity of its consequences, and to test some of the factors leading to AS. Results show that AS is a relatively widespread phenomenon that occurs three times per year per pilot on average but rarely has serious consequences. In less than 10% of the AS cases that were reviewed, an undesired aircraft state was induced. Reportable occurrences are estimated to occur only once every 1–3 years per pilot. Factors leading to a higher prevalence of AS include less flying experience, increasing complexity of the flight control mode, and flight duty periods of over 8 hr. It is concluded that AS is a manifestation of system and interface complexity rather than cognitive errors.

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