Comparison of ex situ and in situ techniques for bioremediation of hydrocarbon-polluted soils

Biogas provides a flexible clean and efficient form of energy. Enriched biogas may generate large volumes of bioCH4, allowing its usage as an alternative to natural gas via existing natural gas networks or being used directly as fuel by vehicles. There are two broad categories of upgrade techniques where traditional methods focus on ex-situ upgrading, treating processed biogas to methane utilizing catalytic (biological and chemical) conversion, membrane gas-permeation, desulphurization, physical and chemical scrubbing, absorption and adsorption. Significant research has been made to increase performance and boost the economic feasibility of the above technologies, and many industrial plants around the world use ex-situ methods to enrich biogas. In-situ techniques such as CO2 desorption, pressurized reactor, H2 addition and electro-methanogenesis have gained considerable attention recently. This chapter discusses and examines state-of-the-art biogas enriching technologies showcasing in-situ and ex-situ methods.

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Variations on Li3N protective coating using ex-situ and in-situ techniques for Li° in sulphur batteries

Energy Storage Materials ◽

10.1016/j.ensm.2017.06.016 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

pp. 141-149 ◽

Cited By ~ 31

Author(s):

Marya Baloch ◽

Devaraj Shanmukaraj ◽

Oleksandr Bondarchuk ◽

Emilie Bekaert ◽

Teofilo Rojo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Protective Coating ◽

Ex Situ ◽

In Situ Techniques

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In Situ Synthesis of Hybrid Inorganic-Polymer Nanocomposites

10.20944/preprints201809.0266.v1 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Mohammed Adnan ◽

Antoine Dalod ◽

Mustafa Balci ◽

Julia Glaum ◽

Mari-Ann Einarsrud

Keyword(s):

Polymer Nanocomposites ◽

Sol Gel ◽

Inorganic Nanoparticles ◽

Inorganic Polymer ◽

Ex Situ ◽

Synthesis Methods ◽

Inorganic Oxide ◽

Synthesis Conditions ◽

In Situ Techniques

Hybrid inorganic-polymer nanocomposites can be employed in diverse applications due to the potential combination of desired properties from both the organic and inorganic components. The use of novel bottom-up in situ synthesis methods for the fabrication of these nanocomposites is advantageous compared to top-down ex situ mixing methods, as it offers increased control over the structure and properties of the material. In this review, the focus will be on the application of the sol-gel process for the synthesis of inorganic oxide nanoparticles in epoxy and polysiloxane matrices. The effect of the synthesis conditions and the reactants used on the inorganic structures formed, the interactions between the polymer chains and the inorganic nanoparticles, and the resulting properties of the nanocomposites are appraised from several studies over the last two decades. Lastly, alternative in situ techniques and the applications of various polymer-inorganic oxide nanocomposites are briefly discussed.

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Exploiting In-Situ NMR to Monitor the Formation of a Metal-Organic Framework

10.26434/chemrxiv.9874550.v1 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Corey Jones ◽

Colan Hughes ◽

Hamish Yeung ◽

Alison Paul ◽

Kenneth D. M. Harris ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Self Assembly ◽

Metal Organic Framework ◽

Quantitative Information ◽

Ex Situ ◽

Nmr Studies ◽

In Situ Techniques ◽

Liquid Phases ◽

Nmr Study ◽

Metal Organic

The formation processes of metal-organic frameworks are increasingly widely researched using in-situ techniques, although there remains a scarcity of NMR studies in the field. In this work, the synthesis of MFM-500(Ni) has been investigated using the Combined Liquid- And Solid-State In‑situ Crystallization NMR strategy, which provides information on the time-evolution of both solid and liquid phases during crystallization. In our NMR study, the liquid-phase NMR data recorded as a function of time at five fixed temperatures afford qualitative information on the solution-phase processes and quantitative information on the kinetic parameters of crystallization, allowing the activation energies for nucleation and growth to be determined. Ex-situ SAXS studies provide complementary nanoscale information on the rapid self-assembly prior to crystallisation, and in-situ PXRD confirms that the only crystalline phase present during the reaction is phase-pure MFM-500(Ni).

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Comparison of on-site and in-situ techniques for bioremediation of hydrocarbon polluted soils

International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation ◽

10.1016/0964-8305(94)90074-4 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 33 (3) ◽

pp. 291-292

Author(s):

Wolfgang Dott ◽

Peter Kämpfer

Keyword(s):

Polluted Soils ◽

In Situ Techniques

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Exploiting In-Situ NMR to Monitor the Formation of a Metal-Organic Framework

10.26434/chemrxiv.9874550.v2 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Corey Jones ◽

Colan Hughes ◽

Hamish Yeung ◽

Alison Paul ◽

Kenneth D. M. Harris ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Self Assembly ◽

Metal Organic Framework ◽

Quantitative Information ◽

Ex Situ ◽

Nmr Studies ◽

In Situ Techniques ◽

Nmr Study ◽

Metal Organic ◽

In Situ Nmr

The formation processes of metal-organic frameworks are becoming more widely researched using in-situ techniques, although there remains a scarcity of NMR studies in this field. In this work, the synthesis of framework MFM-500(Ni) has been investigated using an in‑situ NMR strategy that provides information on the time-evolution of the reaction and crystallization process. In our in‑situ NMR study of MFM-500(Ni) formation, liquid-phase 1H NMR data recorded as a function of time at 5 fixed temperatures afford qualitative information on the solution-phase processes and quantitative information on the kinetics of crystallization, allowing the activation energies for nucleation and growth to be determined. Ex-situ SAXS studies provide complementary nanoscale information on the rapid self-assembly prior to MOF crystallization and in-situ powder X-ray diffraction confirms that the only crystalline phase present during the reaction is phase-pure MFM-500(Ni).

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Exploiting In-Situ NMR to Monitor the Formation of a Metal-Organic Framework

10.26434/chemrxiv.9874550 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Corey Jones ◽

Colan Hughes ◽

Hamish Yeung ◽

Alison Paul ◽

Kenneth D. M. Harris ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Self Assembly ◽

Metal Organic Framework ◽

Quantitative Information ◽

Ex Situ ◽

Nmr Studies ◽

In Situ Techniques ◽

Nmr Study ◽

Metal Organic ◽

In Situ Nmr

The formation processes of metal-organic frameworks are becoming more widely researched using in-situ techniques, although there remains a scarcity of NMR studies in this field. In this work, the synthesis of framework MFM-500(Ni) has been investigated using an in‑situ NMR strategy that provides information on the time-evolution of the reaction and crystallization process. In our in‑situ NMR study of MFM-500(Ni) formation, liquid-phase 1H NMR data recorded as a function of time at 5 fixed temperatures afford qualitative information on the solution-phase processes and quantitative information on the kinetics of crystallization, allowing the activation energies for nucleation and growth to be determined. Ex-situ SAXS studies provide complementary nanoscale information on the rapid self-assembly prior to MOF crystallization and in-situ powder X-ray diffraction confirms that the only crystalline phase present during the reaction is phase-pure MFM-500(Ni).

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Foam placement for soil remediation

Environmental Chemistry ◽

10.1071/en17003 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 14 (5) ◽

pp. 338 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Henri Bertin ◽

Estefania Del Campo Estrada ◽

Olivier Atteia

Keyword(s):

Porous Media ◽

Surfactant Solution ◽

Liquid Films ◽

Polluted Soils ◽

In Situ Techniques ◽

Important Concern ◽

Gas Trapping ◽

Porous Soil ◽

A New Technique

Environmental contextSoil pollution is an important concern and remediation techniques, especially in situ techniques, should be studied. We investigate a new technique based on foam generation and placement inside the porous soil to improve the pollutant extraction. This technique could be useful when the soils are heterogeneous because it allows a complete soil sweeping. AbstractFoam can be generated in porous media, mainly by snap-off phenomena, by co-injecting gas and a surfactant solution. The liquid films that separate the gas bubbles, called lamellae, and gas trapping in small pores where capillary pressure is high generate a resistance to flow that drastically decreases fluid mobilities in porous media. Experiments performed with a 2D laboratory pilot consisting of two layers with different properties clearly highlight that foam is generated in the high-permeability layer and will divert flow towards the low-permeability region. This behaviour is of great interest for the remediation of heterogeneous polluted soils.

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Mechanical and Microstructure Characterization of Aluminium-Copper (Al-Cu) Reinforced with In Situ Titanium Diboride (TiB2)

Key Engineering Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.673.117 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 673 ◽

pp. 117-125 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

R. Rosmamuhamadani ◽

Shamsuddin Sulaiman ◽

Mohamed Ariff Azmah Hanim ◽

M.I.S. Ismail ◽

Mahesh Talari

Keyword(s):

Titanium Diboride ◽

Metallic Matrix ◽

Ex Situ ◽

Matrix Composites ◽

Wear Properties ◽

In Situ Techniques ◽

Cu Alloy ◽

Aluminium Copper ◽

And Performance

Aluminium based in-situ metal matrix composites (MMCs) have better properties and performance when compared to ex-situ MMCs. In this research, aluminium-copper (Al-Cu) alloy was reinforced with 1 to 6wt.% titanium diboride (TiB2). Al-MMCs has been fabricated with salt route reaction process at 800 °C via potassium hexafluorotitanate (K2TiF6) and potassium tetrafluoroborate (KBF4) salts. Al-Cu composites reinforced with 1,2, 3 and 6wt.% TiB2 then will be characterized their mechanical properties and microstructure. From results obtained, increased TiB2 contents will increased the value of tensile and hardness properties of Al-Cu alloy. The composites synthesized using in-situ techniques exhibit the presence a uniform distribution of reinforcement that tends to be fine and associated with a clean interface with the metallic matrix. In order to achieve a good mechanical and wear properties it is important to control Al3Ti phase formation during the synthesis of in situ Al-Cu/TiB2 composites.

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