An in vitro method for assessing the effects of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory compounds on microvascular permeability in the rat small intestine

1. The disaccharide lactulose (galactosyl-β-1,4-fructose) was poorly absorbed from rat small intestine in vitro and human mouth in vivo.2. These results confirm indirect clinical evidence of poor absorption from the intestine.3. The presence of calcium ions, or absence of sodium ions, had no effect on lactulose absorption from the buccal cavity.4. The presence of ouabain, or absence of Na+, did not decrease the absorption of lactulose from small intestine.5. It is thought that the mode of transport, in both instances, is by passive diffusion with the concentration gradient.

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The relationship between concentration and uptake by rat small intestine, in vitro, for two micellar solutes

Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Biomembranes ◽

10.1016/0005-2736(71)90356-7 ◽

1971 ◽

Vol 233 (1) ◽

pp. 49-52 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

N.E. Hoffman ◽

V.J. Yeoh

Keyword(s):

Small Intestine ◽

Rat Small Intestine ◽

The Relationship

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Pyruvate transport across mucosa of rat small intestine in vitro

Biochemical Society Transactions ◽

10.1042/bst0140299 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 14 (2) ◽

pp. 299-300

Author(s):

JOHN E. LAWRENCE ◽

DEREK F. EVERED

Keyword(s):

Small Intestine ◽

Rat Small Intestine

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Biochemical Studies on Oral Toxicity of Ricin. Part III. Interaction of Toxic Lection Ricin with Epithelial Cells of Rat Small Intestine in Vitro.

Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin ◽

10.1248/cpb.40.441 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 40 (2) ◽

pp. 441-445 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Masatsune ISHIGURO ◽

Hidemi NAKASHIMA ◽

Shuichi TANABE ◽

Ryozo SAKAKIBARA

Keyword(s):

Small Intestine ◽

Epithelial Cells ◽

Rat Small Intestine ◽

Oral Toxicity ◽

Biochemical Studies

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Demonstration and modification of intervillous pH profiles in rat small intestine in vitro

AJP Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpgi.1989.257.4.g489 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 257 (4) ◽

pp. G489-G495 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

H. Daniel ◽

C. Fett ◽

A. Kratz

Keyword(s):

Small Intestine ◽

Low Ph ◽

Rat Small Intestine ◽

Ph Profile ◽

Subsequent Increase ◽

Alkaline Secretion ◽

Alkaline Fluid ◽

Ph Profiles

The intervillous pH profiles along the crypt villus axis in different regions of the rat small intestine were measured in vitro by using pH-sensitive liquid ion-exchanger microelectrodes. A characteristic pH profile was observed in the duodenum and jejunum. A region of low pH was detected in the upper parts of the villi (pH 6.65 +/- 0.06 to 6.85 +/- 0.07), whereas pH at the villus base was always higher. In the ileum no gradient was observed (pH 7.26 +/- 0.05 to 7.31 +/- 0.05). Preincubation of the tissue in situ with 10 mM theophylline for 1 h caused an increase in the villus base pH in the jejunum (pH 7.24 +/- 0.04) and ileum (7.44 +/- 0.04) followed by a subsequent increase of the pH in the upper part of the villi. These results indicate that the low pH in the upper intervillous space may be related to H+ secretion occurring from the mature enterocytes, whereas the crypt cells may secrete a rather neutral or slightly alkaline fluid. Alkaline secretion from the crypts may be increased by theophylline, which changes the levels of cyclic nucleotides in the mucosa.

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Uptake and compartmental distribution of fatty acid by rat small intestine in vivo

American Journal of Physiology-Legacy Content ◽

10.1152/ajplegacy.1975.228.5.1409 ◽

1975 ◽

Vol 228 (5) ◽

pp. 1409-1414

Author(s):

S Mishkin ◽

M Yalovsky ◽

JI Kessler

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Small Intestine ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Entire Length ◽

Rat Small Intestine ◽

Pass Through

The uptake and esterification of micellar [3-H]oleate and [14-C] palmitate were uniform along the entire length of the small intestine in vivo. Fatty acids (FA) radioactivity taken up by the small intestine could be described in terms of four functionally distinct compartments analogous to those described in vitro. The KRP-extractable compartment (KEC) and albumin-extractable compartment (AEC) contained reversibly adherent unesterified FA radioactivity, while the tissue free and esterified FA compartments contained irreversibly bound radioactivity. Wheras 27% and 63% of FA uptake were reversibly bound in the KEC and AEC by the most proximal and most distal regions of the small intestine in vitro (15), less than 10% was contained in these compartments in vivo, independent of location. Linear inverse relationships were found betweeen tissue FA esterification and proportion of FA radioactivity present in the KEC,AEC, and the tissue free FA compartment in vivo. These observations allow for the possibility that FA molecules pass through these compartments prior to esterification.

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Oral intake of slowly digestible α-glucan, isomaltodextrin, stimulates glucagon-like peptide-1 secretion in the small intestine of rats

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s0007114519003210 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 123 (6) ◽

pp. 619-626

Author(s):

Yoshihiko Komuro ◽

Takashi Kondo ◽

Shingo Hino ◽

Tatsuya Morita ◽

Naomichi Nishimura

Keyword(s):

Small Intestine ◽

Oral Delivery ◽

Oral Intake ◽

Membrane Vesicles ◽

Rat Small Intestine ◽

Maize Starch ◽

Glucagon Like Peptide ◽

Glucagon Like Peptide 1

AbstractTo investigate whether oral intake of highly branched α-glucan isomaltodextrin (IMD) could stimulate ileal glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) secretion, we examined (1) the digestibility of IMD, (2) the digestion and absorption rates of IMD, in rat small intestine and (3) portal GLP-1 concentration in rats given IMD. In Expt 1, ileorectostomised rats were given a 3 % IMD diet for 10 d. Separately, a 16-h in vitro digestion of IMD, using porcine pancreatic α-amylase and brush-border membrane vesicles from rat small intestine, was conducted. In Expt 2, upon 24-h fasting, rats were given any of glucose, IMD and high-amylose maize starch (HAMS) (1 g/kg of body weight). In Expt 3, caecectomised rats were given 0·2 % neomycin sulphate and a 5 % IMD diet for 10 d. The in vivo and in vitro digestibility of IMD was 70–80 %. The fraction of IMD digested in vitro for the first 120 min was 67 % of that in maize starch. The AUC for 0–120 min of plasma glucose concentration was significantly lower in HAMS group and tended to be lower in IMD group than in the glucose group. Finally, we also observed that, when compared with control rats, glucose of IMD significantly stimulated and improved the concentration of portal active GLP-1 in antibiotic-administered, caecectomised rats. We concluded that IMD was slowly digested and the resulting glucose stimulated GLP-1 secretion in rat small intestine. Oral delivery of slowly released IMD glucose to the small intestine probably exerts important, yet unknown, physiological effects on the recipient.

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