ECONOMIC ASSESSMENT OF TOTAL ENERGY

Total Energy ◽  
1970 ◽  
pp. 405-417
Author(s):  
R.M.E. DIAMANT
Author(s):  
A. Bakharev ◽  
O. Sheveleva ◽  
K. Fomintsev ◽  
L. Lysenko

The factors that influence the formation of meat productivity of cattle include feeding, breed, sex, age, fatness, conditions and individual characteristics of animals. The purpose of the work was to substantiate the effective age of slaughter of steers of specialized beef breed Aubrac. The research has been carried out in a breeding farm for breeding cattle of beef productivity in LLC “Bison” in the Omutinsky district in the Tyumen region. An economic assessment of the rearing of steers of Aubrac breed depending on the age of their slaughter has been presented in the paper. Studies have been carried out on steers have been reared up to the age of 15, 18 and 20 months. In the course of research, we have been studied the amount of feed have been consumed during the period of steers rearing and the total costs incurred. The amount of feed and energy consumed by the steers of the studied ages had a significant discrepancy. For example, steers reared before 18 and 20 months of age consumed more hay in relation to steers sold for meat at 15 months of age by 285,2 and 486,7 kg, haylage by 1228,7 and 2273,4 kg and concentrated feed by 276 and 462 kg, respectively. At the same time, the total difference in the amount of energy consumed was 1155,3 and 1685,9 EFU. The difference between the age of realization of steers at 18 and 20 months for the total energy consumed was 530,5 EFU. The level of profitability of production when selling steers for beef at the age of 18 months was 7,6 %, and at the age of 20 months it was 8,3 %. Early sale of steers for meat at the age of 15 months is unprofi table with a payback rate only 98 %.


2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia Afonina ◽  
Svetlana Goncharova

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 17-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
HAKIM GHEZZAZ ◽  
LUC PELLETIER ◽  
PAUL R. STUART

The evaluation and process risk assessment of (a) lignin precipitation from black liquor, and (b) the near-neutral hemicellulose pre-extraction for recovery boiler debottlenecking in an existing pulp mill is presented in Part I of this paper, which was published in the July 2012 issue of TAPPI Journal. In Part II, the economic assessment of the two biorefinery process options is presented and interpreted. A mill process model was developed using WinGEMS software and used for calculating the mass and energy balances. Investment costs, operating costs, and profitability of the two biorefinery options have been calculated using standard cost estimation methods. The results show that the two biorefinery options are profitable for the case study mill and effective at process debottlenecking. The after-tax internal rate of return (IRR) of the lignin precipitation process option was estimated to be 95%, while that of the hemicellulose pre-extraction process option was 28%. Sensitivity analysis showed that the after tax-IRR of the lignin precipitation process remains higher than that of the hemicellulose pre-extraction process option, for all changes in the selected sensitivity parameters. If we consider the after-tax IRR, as well as capital cost, as selection criteria, the results show that for the case study mill, the lignin precipitation process is more promising than the near-neutral hemicellulose pre-extraction process. However, the comparison between the two biorefinery options should include long-term evaluation criteria. The potential of high value-added products that could be produced from lignin in the case of the lignin precipitation process, or from ethanol and acetic acid in the case of the hemicellulose pre-extraction process, should also be considered in the selection of the most promising process option.


2012 ◽  
pp. 1206-1211
Author(s):  
Nuno Gonçalves ◽  
Sérgio Faias ◽  
Jorge Sousa
Keyword(s):  

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 59
Author(s):  
Nor Izana Mohd Shobri ◽  
Wan Noor Anira Hj Wan Ali ◽  
Norizan Mt Akhir ◽  
Siti Rasidah Md Sakip

The purpose of this study is to assess the carbon footprint emission at UiTM Perak, Seri Iskandar Campus. The assessment focuses on electrical power and transportation usage. Questionnaires were distributed to the staffs and students to survey their transportation usage in the year 2014 while for electrical consumption, the study used total energy consumed in the year 2014. Data was calculating with the formula by Green House Gas Protocol. Total carbon footprint produced by UiTM Perak, Seri Jskandar Campus in the year 2014 is 11842.09 MTC02' The result of the study is hoped to provide strategies for the university to reduce the carbon footprint emission.


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