Projects Distribution Algorithms for Regional Development

This paper aims to find an efficient method to assign different projects to several regions seeking an equitable distribution of the expected revenue of projects. The solutions to this problem are discussed in this paper. This problem is NP-hard. For this work, the constraint is to suppose that all regions have the same socio-economic proprieties. Given a set of regions and a set of projects. Each project is expected to elaborate a fixed revenue. The goal of this paper is to minimize the summation of the total difference between the total revenues of each region and the minimum total revenue assigned to regions. An appropriate schedule of projects is the schedule that ensures an equitable distribution of the total revenues between regions. In this paper, we give a mathematical formulation of the objective function and propose several algorithms to solve the studied problem. An experimental result is presented to discuss the comparison between all implemented algorithms.

Smart and IoT-Based Coupling and Coordination Development for Financial and Logistics Industries

Based on the panel data, collected through various Internet of Things (IoT) devices, of 31 various provinces and cities in the Republic of China from 2004 to 2019, due to the analysis of mechanism and the significance of coupled and coordinated development, methods like fuzzy comprehensive evaluation, entropy, coupling, and coordination degree model, exploratory spatial data analysis, and Theil index are widely used to analytically evaluate the dynamic coupling development of China’s financial and logistics industries. The analysis of the collected data shows that demand promotion, technological progress, corporate decision-making, and policy stimulus are the driving forces for the coordinated development. In addition, the coordinated development of both industries can achieve a win-win situation. Moreover, during the sample period, the level of coupled and coordinated development has made considerable progress, achieving a transition from moderate to slightly unbalanced level, but overall, it is still at a low level. The level of coupled and coordinated development is showing east-central-west, that is, a three-level declining trend. Guangdong is the province with the highest level, and Qinghai and Ningxia are the provinces with the lowest levels of coupled and coordinated development. The general evolution trend of the total difference in the levels of coupled and coordinated development is declining in fluctuation, and the differences in the eastern region and within the zones are the main reasons for the total difference.

Natural Dyeing of Cellulose and Protein Fibers with the Flower Extract of Spartium junceum L. Plant

In this study, the natural dye was extracted from Spartium junceum L. (SJL) flowers and applied on cellulose (cotton) and protein (wool) fabric. Fabrics were pre-mordant with alum prior to the dyeing process. Considering the global requirements on zero waste and green policy, the dyeing process was intended to be as much as possible environmentally friendly but still effective. Therefore, mordant concentration was optimized due to the reduction of the negative impact. The efficiency of the dyeing process was investigated by examination of fabrics’ color characteristics and colorfastness to washing properties. In this paper, we have proved that the extracted dye from Spartium junceum L. is an acidic dye (mordant dye) which is more applicable for the treatment of wool fabrics. In this paper, it was proved that phytochemicals responsible for coloring are part of the flavonoids group. The UV absorption spectra of extracted dye show 4 bands in the region of λmax 224, 268, 308 and 346 nm which are ascribed to bands characteristic for flavonoids. Wool fabric pre-mordant with 3% alum and dyed shows great chromatic (C*) properties where C* value is in a range from 47.76 for unwashed samples to 47.50 for samples after 5 washing cycles and color hue (h°) is in a range 82.13 for unwashed samples to 81.52 for samples after 5 washing cycles. The best result regarding the colorfastness properties is shown by the wool sample treated with 3% alum after 5 washing cycles (total difference in color (Delta E*) = 0.87). These results confirm that metal (Al) from alum mordant make strong chemical bonds with wool substrate and dye since Delta E* values decrease in comparison to Delta E* values of the cotton samples treated the same way. The results revealed it is possible to reduce the concentration of mordant up to 3% and obtain satisfactory results regarding the colorfastness. Nevertheless, future research will go in the direction of replacing synthetic mordant with a more environmentally friendly one.

Comparisons of CODE and CNES/CLS GPS satellite bias products and applications in Sentinel-3 satellite precise orbit determination

To resolve undifferenced GNSS phase ambiguities, dedicated satellite products are needed, such as satellite orbits, clock offsets and biases. The International GNSS Service CNES/CLS analysis center provides satellite (HMW) Hatch-Melbourne-Wübbena bias and dedicated satellite clock products (including satellite phase bias), while the CODE analysis center provides satellite OSB (observable-specific-bias) and integer clock products. The CNES/CLS GPS satellite HMW bias products are determined by the Hatch-Melbourne-Wübbena (HMW) linear combination and aggregate both code (C1W, C2W) and phase (L1W, L2W) biases. By forming the HMW linear combination of CODE OSB corrections on the same signals, we compare CODE satellite HMW biases to those from CNES/CLS. The fractional part of GPS satellite HMW biases from both analysis centers are very close to each other, with a mean Root-Mean-Square (RMS) of differences of 0.01 wide-lane cycles. A direct comparison of satellite narrow-lane biases is not easily possible since satellite narrow-lane biases are correlated with satellite orbit and clock products, as well as with integer wide-lane ambiguities. Moreover, CNES/CLS provides no satellite narrow-lane biases but incorporates them into satellite clock offsets. Therefore, we compute differences of GPS satellite orbits, clock offsets, integer wide-lane ambiguities and narrow-lane biases (only for CODE products) between CODE and CNES/CLS products. The total difference of these terms for each satellite represents the difference of the narrow-lane bias by subtracting certain integer narrow-lane cycles. We call this total difference “narrow-lane” bias difference. We find that 3% of the narrow-lane biases from these two analysis centers during the experimental time period have differences larger than 0.05 narrow-lane cycles. In fact, this is mainly caused by one Block IIA satellite since satellite clock offsets of the IIA satellite cannot be well determined during eclipsing seasons. To show the application of both types of GPS products, we apply them for Sentinel-3 satellite orbit determination. The wide-lane fixing rates using both products are more than 98%, while the narrow-lane fixing rates are more than 95%. Ambiguity-fixed Sentinel-3 satellite orbits show clear improvement over float solutions. RMS of 6-h orbit overlaps improves by about a factor of two. Also, we observe similar improvements by comparing our Sentinel-3 orbit solutions to the external combined products. Standard deviation value of Satellite Laser Ranging residuals is reduced by more than 10% for Sentinel-3A and more than 15% for Sentinel-3B satellite by fixing ambiguities to integer values.

The Analysis of Differences in Hospital Rill Rates and INA-CBG's Rate on Sectio Caesare Action in RSU. Imelda Pekerja Indonesia Medan 2019

The Indonesian government has developed a Health Insurance program National Social Security Administering Bodies (BPJS) Health. One of the ways to pay for health services for hospitals in Era JKN is the Indonesian Case Base Groups (INA-CBG's) payment system, namely the amount of claim payment by BPJS Health to the hospital for the package services based on diagnosis of disease and procedures. This study aims to analyze hospital real rates and INA CBG rates on the action of sectio caesarea and to find out the efforts made hospitals to cover INA-CBG's shortfall in claims costs. Types of research Qualitative descriptive conducted by in-depth interviews. Research sites at the hospital. Imelda Indonesian Worker having his address at Jalan Bilal No. 24 Kelurahan Pulo Brayan Darat I, East Medan District. The research was carried out since months January 2019 until finished. The population in this study is claim data delivery of inpatients who performed sectio casearea at month March and April as many as 143 cases The samples in this study were all population of 143 cases. The results showed that the difference in real rates hospital and INA-CBG rates on Sectio Caesaria at RSU. Imelda Worker Indonesia Medan in 2019 amounted to 73% of the real hospital rates exceeding the tariff INA-CBG's with a total difference in costs reaching IDR 199,661,028. and 39% real hospital fee less than INA-CBG's package rate. Efforts are conducted by the RSU. Imelda Indonesian workers to cover the shortage of costs INA-CBG's claims include using students who come from schools Imelda's own foundation, set the Sectio Caesare service package on general patients and providing supporting facilities. Suggested to RSU. Imelda Indonesian workers evaluate the financial risks received from services Sectio Caesare and evaluating the distribution of INA-CBG's claim costs for services Sectio Caesare is up to standard.

Of financial autonomy at Lao Cai General Hospital, period 2015 – 2019

Objective: The study was conducted to understand the financial autonomy situation at the Lao Cai General Hospital for the period 2015-2019. Methods: Cross-sectional descriptive study design using retrospective quantitative research methodology of secondary data from financial statements of Lao Cai General Hospital in the 5 years 2015-2019. Results: The hospital's total revenue tended to increase (in 2019, it increased by 97,445 million VND compared to 2015), of which, non-business revenues accounted for more than 80% of the total revenue each year. Revenue from hospital fees and health insurance accounts for a high proportion in the total non-business revenues of the hospital, accounting for about 66-79%. Total hospital spending tends to decrease from 2015 to 2018 (down 3%) and increase in 2019. Professional spending is at the top of the recurrent expenditure structure, accounting for about 38-40%. The personal payment group accounts for 25-29% of the total recurrent expenditure in the hospital and tends to increase each year. The hospital's revenue and expenditure difference tends to increase with the total difference of VND 15,322 million, VND 18,875 million, VND 10,578 million, VND 16,950 million and VND 16,950 million respectively for the years 2015-2019. In general, the total revenue and expenditure realized were in excess of the estimate. Conclusion: In the period 2015 - 2019, total hospital revenues tend to increase, total hospital expenditures tend to decrease, leading to an increasing trend in hospital revenues and expenditures over the years. The appropriation of funds is in accordance with the current regulations, so the salary reform fund accounts for a large proportion and tends to increase sharply, making the bonus fund, the welfare fund, the salary fund increase and decrease. gradually. Keywords: Financial revenue and expenditure activities, Lao Cai Province General Hospital

Effect of gasotransmitters donors (nitrogen oxide, hydrogen sulfide and carbon monoxide) on erythrocytes microrheological properties

Введение. Микрореологические свойства эритроцитов — их деформируемость и агрегация в значительной степени определяют текучесть цельной крови и ее кислородотранспортный потенциал. При этом эритроциты — это клетки-мишени, на которые действуют сигнальные молекулы. Последние могут регуляторно изменять микромеханические свойства эритроцитов и реологию крови в целом. К сигнальным молекулам относятся и газотрансмиттеры (ГТ) — такие соединения, как оксид азота (NO), сульфид водорода (H2S) и монооксид углерода (CO). Доноры ГТ могут быть основой для разработки лекарственных препаратов для коррекции реологических свойств крови. Цель работы: изучение изменений микрореологических характеристик эритроцитов под влиянием доноров трех газотрансмиттеров — NO, H2S и CO. Материалы и методы. Эритроциты и их восстановленные тени инкубировали с нитропруссидом натрия (НПН, 100 мкмоль) — донором NO, гидросульфидом натрия (NaHS, 100 мкмоль) — донором H2S и трикарбонилхлор (глицинат) рутением (II) (CORM-3, 50 мкмоль) — донором СО. После этого регистрировали деформируемость эритроцитов (ИУЭ), их агрегацию (ПАЭ) и вязкость суспензий (ВС). Результаты. Установлено, что под влиянием всех трех доноров ГТ происходят заметные изменения микрореологических характеристик эритроцитов и их теней (в среднем на 13–16%; p < 0,05). Важно заметить, что сдвиги ИУЭ, ПАЭ и ВС под влиянием доноров газотрансмиттеров были сходными по величине, и суммарная разница их микрореологических эффектов на три разных донора ГТ не превышала 3%. Заключение. На основании полученных данных и их анализа можно заключить, что эритроциты качественно и количественно примерно одинаково отвечают на действие трех разных доноров ГТ положительными изменениями их микрореологических характеристик и особенно агрегации, которая снижалась более чем на 30%. Background. Erythrocytes microrheological properties (deformability and aggregation) largely determine the fluidity of whole blood and its oxygen transport potential. At the same time erythrocytes are target cells for signaling molecules acting. The latter can regulate erythrocytes micromechanical properties and blood rheology in general. Signaling molecules also include gasotransmitters (GT) — compounds such as nitrogen oxide (NO), hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and carbon monoxide (CO). GT donors can form the basis of drugs for blood rheology correction. Objectives: to study the changes of erythrocytes microrheological characteristics under the influence of donors of three gasotransmitters — NO, H2S and CO. Materials/Methods. Erythrocytes and their restored shadows were incubated with sodium nitroprusside (SNP, 100 μmol) — NO donor, sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS, 100 μmol) — H2S donor, and with tricarbonylchlor (glycinate) ruthenium (II) (CORM-3, 50 μmol) — CO donor. Thereafter we registered erythrocytes deformability (ED), their aggregation (EA) and suspensions viscosity (SV). Results. All three GT donors noticeably changed microrheological characteristics of erythrocytes and their shadows (on average by 13–16%; p < 0.05). It’s important that the shifts of ED, EA, and SV under the influence of gasotransmitter donors were similar in magnitude, and the total difference in their microrheological effects on three different GT donors did not exceed 3%. Conclusions. Erythrocytes qualitatively and quantitatively approximately equally responded to the action of three different GT donors by positive changes in their microrheological characteristics and especially by aggregation that decreased by more than 30%.

Decomposing Differences in Health Service Utilization between Older Rurul-to-Urban Migrant Workers and Older Rural Residents：What is Driving the Differences?

Background: In recent years, the widening gap of health service utilization between different groups in mainland China has become an important issue that cannot be avoided. Yet the related study on the health services utilization for older rural-to-urban migrant workers and comparative study on older rural-to-urban migrants in China is still in its infancy. Our study explored the health service utilization of the older rural-to-urban migrant workers based on a sinicization of the latest Andersen model, by comparison with the older rural dwellers. Further, our study revealed the facets and causes by decomposing the differences in the health service utilization into determinants.Methods: The data of China Labor-Force Dynamic Survey in 2016, the data of Urban Statistical Yearbook in 2016, and Statistical Bulletin were used. Our study applied the lasted Andersen Model according to China's currency situation. Before we studied the health service utilization, we used Coarsened Exact Matching to control the confounding factors to enhance the comparability of the two groups. The matched data were used to analyze the influencing factors. Fairlie decomposition method was used to analyze the differences and the sources of health service utilization between older rural-to-urban migrant workers and their rural counterparts.Results: After matching, the probability of two weeks outpatient of older rural-to-urban migrant workers (5.59%) was significantly lower than older rural dwellers (7.57%). The probability of inpatient of older rural migrant workers (5.59%) was significantly lower than older rural dwellers (9.07%). 17.98% of the total difference of two weeks outpatient utilization was due to the observed influence factors. 71.88% of the total difference of inpatient utilization was due to the observed influence factors. Income quantiles (49.57%), self-assessed health (80.91%), and sex ratio in the community (-102.29%) were significant in the differences of inpatient utilization.Conclusions: The findings have important implications for the difference in the health services utilization between older rural-to-urban migrant workers and older rural residents in China, urging the government to take full account of the heterogeneity. The results provide references for the healthcare policy reform in the process of active ageing in China.

Dioskouriite, CaCu4Cl6(OH)4∙4H2O: A New Mineral Description, Crystal Chemistry and Polytypism

A new mineral, dioskouriite, CaCu4Cl6(OH)4∙4H2O, represented by two polytypes, monoclinic (2M) and orthorhombic (2O), which occur together, was found in moderately hot zones of two active fumaroles, Glavnaya Tenoritovaya and Arsenatnaya, at the Second scoria cone of the Northern Breakthrough of the Great Tolbachik Fissure Eruption, Tolbachik volcano, Kamchatka, Russia. Dioskouriite seems to be a product of the interactions involving high-temperature sublimate minerals, fumarolic gas and atmospheric water vapor at temperatures not higher than 150 °C. It is associated with avdoninite, belloite, chlorothionite, eriochalcite, sylvite, halite, carnallite, mitscherlichite, chrysothallite, sanguite, romanorlovite, feodosiyite, mellizinkalite, flinteite, kainite, gypsum, sellaite and earlier hematite, tenorite and chalcocyanite in Glavnaya Tenoritovaya and with avdoninite and earlier hematite, tenorite, fluorophlogopite, diopside, clinoenstatite, sanidine, halite, aphthitalite-group sulfates, anhydrite, pseudobrookite, powellite and baryte in Arsenatnaya. Dioskouriite forms tabular, lamellar or flattened prismatic, typically sword-like crystals up to 0.01 mm × 0.04 mm × 0.1 mm combined in groups or crusts up to 1 × 2 mm2 in area. The mineral is transparent, bright green with vitreous luster. It is brittle; cleavage is distinct. The Mohs hardness is ca. 3. Dmeas is 2.75(1) and Dcalc is 2.765 for dioskouriite-2O and 2.820 g cm−3 for dioskouriite-2M. Dioskouriite-2O is optically biaxial (+), α = 1.695(4), β = 1.715(8), γ = 1.750(6) and 2Vmeas. = 70(10)°. The Raman spectrum is reported. The chemical composition (wt%, electron microprobe data, H2O calculated by total difference; dioskouriite-2O/dioskouriite-2M) is: K2O 0.03/0.21; MgO 0.08/0.47; CaO 8.99/8.60; CuO 49.24/49.06; Cl 32.53/32.66; H2O(calc.) 16.48/16.38; -O=Cl −7.35/−7.38; total 100/100. The empirical formulae based on 14 O + Cl apfu are: dioskouriite-2O: Ca1.04(Cu4.02Mg0.01)Σ4.03[Cl5.96(OH)3.90O0.14]Σ10∙4H2O; dioskouriite-2M: (Ca1.00K0.03)Σ4.03(Cu4.01Mg0.08)Σ4.09[Cl5.99(OH)3.83O0.18]Σ10∙4H2O. Dioskouriite-2M has the space group P21/c, a = 7.2792(8), b = 10.3000(7), c = 20.758(2) Å, β = 100.238(11)°, V = 1531.6(2) Å3 and Z = 4; dioskouriite-2O: P212121, a = 7.3193(7), b = 10.3710(10), c = 20.560(3) Å, V = 1560.6(3) Å3 and Z = 4. The crystal structure (solved from single-crystal XRD data, R = 0.104 and 0.081 for dioskouriite-2M and -2O, respectively) is unique. The structures of both polytypes are based upon identical BAB layers parallel to (001) and composed from Cu2+-centered polyhedra. The core of each layer is formed by a sheet A of edge-sharing mixed-ligand octahedra centered by Cu(1), Cu(2), Cu(3), Cu(5) and Cu(6) atoms, whereas distorted Cu(4)(OH)2Cl3 tetragonal pyramids are attached to the A sheet on both sides, along with the Ca(OH)2(H2O)4Cl2 eight-cornered polyhedra, which provide the linkage of the two adjacent layers via long Ca−Cl bonds. The Cu(4) and Ca polyhedra form the B sheet. The difference between the 2M and 2O polytypes arises as a result of different stacking of layers along the c axis. The cation array of the layer corresponds to the capped kagomé lattice that is also observed in several other natural Cu hydroxychlorides: atacamite, clinoatacamite, bobkingite and avdoninite. The mineral is named after Dioskouri, the famous inseparable twin brothers of ancient Greek mythology, Castor and Polydeuces, the same in face but different in exercises and achievements; the name is given in allusion to the existence of two polytypes that are indistinguishable in appearance but different in symmetry, unit cell configuration and XRD pattern.

Effects of ultrasound support and carboxymethyl cellulose on the physicochemical properties, sensory evaluation and total microbiology of cloudy juice from soursop (Annona muricata l.)

This study investigated the influence of the carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) addition on several quality indicators of soursop juice, including pH, dissolved solids, Lab* criteria, vitamin C, total plate count (TPC) content, microbiology, and sensory qualities. The content of CMC was allowed to vary from 0.01-0.05 to 0.2% under sonication. The addition of CMC seemed to induce color changes, with total difference color (TDC) being proportionally related to CMC content. Oxidant resistance in fresh samples was 0.62 ± 0.04 mg GAE / mL and then increased at 0.05% CMC. A similar trend was also observed with the vitamin C values of the product. Visual qualities of the product were evaluated with a focus on appearance, color, and flavor with descriptive terms in a typical white liquid and odorless. Comparison with ISO quality standard indicates that the final product met with microbiological requirements.