Wind resources for offshore wind farms

2016 ◽  
pp. 29-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.H. Bailey
Keyword(s):  
Wind Farms ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Offshore Wind Farms ◽  
Wind Resources

scholarly journals Prediction of Power Generation by Offshore Wind Farms Using Multiple Data Sources

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 700 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheng-Dar Yue ◽  
Che-Chih Liu ◽  
Chien-Cheng Tu ◽  
Ta-Hui Lin
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Wind Farm ◽  
Wind Farms ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Offshore Wind Farm ◽  
Offshore Wind Farms ◽  
Offshore Area ◽  
Multiple Data ◽  
Central Weather Bureau ◽  
Wind Resources

In this study we evaluated the wind resources of wind farms in the Changhua offshore area of Taiwan. The offshore wind farm in Zone of Potential (ZoP) 26 was optimized through an economic evaluation. The annual energy production (AEP) of the offshore wind farm in ZoP 26 was predicted for 10 and 25 years with probabilities of 50%, 75%, and 90% by using measured mast data, measure-correlate-predict (MCP) data derived from Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications (MERRA), and Central Weather Bureau (CWB) data. When the distance between the turbines in a wind farm was decreased from 12D to 6D, the turbine number increased from 53 to 132, while the capacity factor decreased slightly from 48.6% to 47.6%. MCP data derived from the inland CWB station with similar levels of wind resources can be used to accurately predict the power generation of the target offshore wind farm. The use of MCP with mast data as target data, together with CWB and MERRA data as reference data, proved to be a feasible method for predicting offshore wind power generation in places where a mast is available in a neighboring area.

scholarly journals Economic Feasibility of Floating Offshore Wind Farms Considering Near Future Wind Resources: Case Study of Iberian Coast and Bay of Biscay

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 2553
Author(s):  
Laura Castro-Santos ◽  
Maite deCastro ◽  
Xurxo Costoya ◽  
Almudena Filgueira-Vizoso ◽  
Isabel Lamas-Galdo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wind Energy ◽  
Net Present Value ◽  
Wind Farms ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Present Value ◽  
Offshore Wind Farms ◽  
Cost Of Energy ◽  
Wind Energy Resources ◽  
Near Future ◽  
Wind Resources

Wind energy resources are subject to changes in climate, so the use of wind energy density projections in the near future is essential to determine the viability and profitability of wind farms at particular locations. Thus, a step forward in determining the economic assessment of floating offshore wind farms was taken by considering current and near-future wind energy resources in assessing the main parameters that determine the economic viability (net present value, internal rate of return, and levelized cost of energy) of wind farms. This study was carried out along the Atlantic coast from Brest to Cape St. Vincent. Results show that the future reduction in wind energy density (2%–6%) mainly affects the net present value (NPV) of the farm and has little influence on the levelized cost of energy (LCOE). This study provides a good estimate of the economic viability of OWFs (Offshore Wind Farms) by taking into account how wind resources can vary due to climate change over the lifetime of the farm.

scholarly journals Assessment of China’s Offshore Wind Resources Based on the Integration of Multiple Satellite Data and Meteorological Data

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (22) ◽  
pp. 2680 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiaoying Guo ◽  
Ran Huang ◽  
Liwei Zhuang ◽  
Kangyu Zhang ◽  
Jingfeng Huang
Keyword(s):  
Satellite Data ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Wind Farms ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Offshore Wind Farms ◽  
Wind Speeds ◽  
Distance Weighting ◽  
The Taiwan Strait ◽  
Wind Resources ◽  
Resources Assessment

Wind resources assessment plays a significant role in site selection for the construction of offshore wind farms. Mean wind speeds (MWS), wind power densities (WPD), and Weibull parameters are the most important variables for wind resources assessment. These variables were estimated with the synergetic use of multiple satellite data (QuikSCAT + WindSAT + ASCAT) and meteorological data from coastal stations using spatial interpolation methods, including inverse distance weighting (IDW), ordinary kriging (OK), and ordinary co-kriging (OCK). The spatial variability of offshore wind energy resources over the China Sea is assessed at heights of 10 m and 100 m (hub height of wind turbine). Then, 8 buoy measurements were used to evaluate the accuracy of the offshore wind resources assessment. Our results show that combining multiple satellite data and coastal meteorological data improves the accuracy of wind resources assessment in the offshore areas and the OCK method show the best performance for accuracy in most cases. The statistical results comparing buoy-derived MWS and interpolated MWS show a root mean square error (RMSE) of 0.17 m/s and correlation coefficient (Corr.) of 0.987 at a height of 10 m. Statistics of the comparison between buoy-derived WPD and interpolated WPD by OCK show a RMSE of 23.38 W/m2 at a height of 10 m. The results show that the highest wind resources are mainly found in the Taiwan Strait and offshore regions in Fujian province.

Ten Years of Meteorological Measurements for Offshore Wind Farms

2005 ◽  
Vol 127 (2) ◽  
pp. 170-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca Barthelmie ◽  
Ole Frost Hansen ◽  
Karen Enevoldsen ◽  
Jørgen Højstrup ◽  
Sten Frandsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Wind Farms ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Offshore Wind Farms ◽  
Monitoring Strategies ◽  
Wind Resource ◽  
Wind Resources

Risø has been monitoring wind resources and power output from offshore wind farms since 1993. A considerable degree of expertise has been developed in optimizing measurements and in using these databases to develop and validate models for offshore environments. This paper describes the evolution of monitoring strategies to a fully automated satellite based retrieval that provides near-real time access to offshore data, even at remote stand-alone masts. An overview of wind speed and turbulence at offshore sites in Denmark is given. Finally, three methods of generating long-term wind resource estimates from short-term measurements are outlined.

Disturbance of harbour porpoises during construction of the first seven offshore wind farms in Germany

2018 ◽  
Vol 596 ◽  
pp. 213-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
MJ Brandt ◽  
AC Dragon ◽  
A Diederichs ◽  
MA Bellmann ◽  
V Wahl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wind Farms ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Offshore Wind Farms

Feasibility study for the installation of offshore wind farms in the Canary Islands

2009 ◽  
Vol 1 (07) ◽  
pp. 809-813
Author(s):  
M. Martínez ◽  
A. Pulido ◽  
J. Romero ◽  
N. Angulo ◽  
F. Díaz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Feasibility Study ◽  
Canary Islands ◽  
Wind Farms ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Offshore Wind Farms

scholarly journals Offshore wind farms and the attraction–production hypothesis: insights from a combination of stomach content and stable isotope analyses

Hydrobiologia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ninon Mavraki ◽  
Steven Degraer ◽  
Jan Vanaverbeke
Keyword(s):  
Stable Isotope ◽  
Stomach Content ◽  
Wind Farms ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Artificial Reefs ◽  
Dietary Composition ◽  
Trachurus Trachurus ◽  
Offshore Wind Farms ◽  
Scomber Scombrus ◽  
Isotope Analyses

AbstractOffshore wind farms (OWFs) act as artificial reefs, attracting high abundances of fish, which could potentially increase their local production. This study investigates the feeding ecology of fish species that abundantly occur at artificial habitats, such as OWFs, by examining the short- and the long-term dietary composition of five species: the benthopelagic Gadus morhua and Trisopterus luscus, the pelagic Scomber scombrus and Trachurus trachurus, and the benthic Myoxocephalus scorpioides. We conducted combined stomach content and stable isotope analyses to examine the short- and the time-integrated dietary composition, respectively. Our results indicated that benthopelagic and benthic species utilize artificial reefs, such as OWFs, as feeding grounds for a prolonged period, since both analyses indicated that they exploit fouling organisms occurring exclusively on artificial hard substrates. Trachurus trachurus only occasionally uses artificial reefs as oases of highly abundant resources. Scomber scombrus does not feed on fouling fauna and therefore its augmented presence in OWFs is probably related to reasons other than the enhanced food availability. The long-termed feeding preferences of benthic and benthopelagic species contribute to the hypothesis that the artificial reefs of OWFs could potentially increase the fish production in the area. However, this was not supported for the pelagic species.

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