Assessment of Wind Energy Resources in Jordan Using Different Optimization Techniques

Wind energy has become one of the world’s most renewable energy sources in recent years. It is regarded as a clean energy source because it produces no greenhouse gas emissions. The assessment of wind energy resources is an important step in the development of any wind energy conversion system (WECS). As a result, this article examines the wind energy potential of nine Jordanian wind locations: Queen Alia Airport, Civil Amman Airport, King Hussein Airport, Irbid, Mafraq, Ma’an, Ghor Al Safi, Safawi, and Irwaished. The available wind speed data were implemented using three statistical distribution models, Weibull, Rayleigh, and Gamma distributions, and one traditional estimation method, the Maximum Likelihood Method (MLM). Three optimization techniques were used to assign parameters to each distribution model: Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), Grey Wolf Optimizer (GWO), and Whale Optimization Algorithm (WOA). To determine the optimal distribution model, the performance of these distribution models was tested. According to the findings, King Hussein Airport features the highest wind power density, followed by Queen Alia Airport, while Irbid features the lowest, followed by Ghor Al Safi.

Climate Change Characteristics of Coastal Wind Energy Resources in Zhejiang Province Based on ERA-Interim Data

The reanalysis of sea surface wind speed is compared with the measured wind speed of five offshore wind towers in Zhejiang, China. The applicability of reanalysis data in the Zhejiang coastal sea surface and the climatic characteristics of sea surface wind power density is analyzed. Results show that the reanalysis of wind field data at the height of 10 m can well capture the wind field characteristics of the actual sea surface wind field. The sea surface wind power density effective hours increases from west to east and north to south. Then Empirical orthogonal function (EOF) is used to analyze the sea surface wind power density anomaly field, and the first mode is a consistent pattern, the second mode is a North-South dipole pattern, the third mode is an East-West dipole pattern respectively. The stability of wind energy resources grows more stable with increasing distance from the coast, and the northern sea area which is far away from the coastal sea is more stable than that of the southern sea area. The yearly linear trend of sea surface wind power density is in an East-West dipole pattern respectively. The wind energy resources are more stable farther from the coast, and the wind energy resources in the northern sea are more stable than that of the southern sea. The yearly linear trend of sea surface wind power density is the East-West dipole type, the seasonal linear trend is a significant downward trend from West to East in spring, and on the contrary in summer, a non-significant trend in autumn and winter. The monthly change index shows that the linear trend near the entrance of Hangzhou Bay in Northern Zhejiang is of weak increase or decrease, which is good for wind energy development. When the wind power density is between 0 and 150 W·m−2, its frequency mainly shows the distribution trend of high in the West and low in the East, but the wind power density is between 150 and 600 W·m−2, its distribution is the opposite.

Estimating vertical wind power density by using tower observation and empirical models over varied desert steppe terrain in northern China

A complex and varied terrain has a great impact on the distribution of wind energy resources, resulting in uncertainty in accurately assessing wind energy resources. In this study, three wind speed distributions of kernel, Weibull, and Rayleigh type for estimating average wind power density were first compared by using meteorological tower data from 2018 to 2020 under varied desert steppe terrain contexts in northern China. Then three key parameters of scale factor (c) and shape factor (k) from the Weibull model and surface roughness (z0) were investigated for estimating wind energy resource. The results show that the Weibull distribution is the most suitable wind speed distribution over that terrain. The scale factor (c) in the Weibull distribution model increases with an increase in height, exhibiting an obvious form of power function. While there were two different forms for the relationship between the shape factor (k) and height: i.e., the reciprocal of the quadratic function and the logarithmic function, respectively. The estimated roughness length (z0) varied with the withering period, the growing period, and the lush period, which can be represented by the estimated median value in each period. The maximum and minimum values of surface roughness length over the whole period are 0.15 m and 0.12 m, respectively. The power-law model and the logarithmic model are used to estimate the average power density values at six specific heights, which show greater differences in autumn and winter, and smaller differences in spring and summer. The gradient of the increase in average power density values with height is largest in autumn and winter, and smallest in spring and summer. Our findings suggest that dynamic changes in three key parameters (c, k, and z0) should be accurately considered for estimating wind energy resources under varied desert steppe terrain contexts.

Assessment of the Resources of Wind Energy in Various Regions of Algeria

Details on the wind potential during a period of about thirteen years in Algeria is given in the present work. The inspection is performed for sixteen regions covering almost all the territory of the country. The density of the mean wind power is determined for the different regions. The maps of annual and seasonal wind energy resources are also established. The characteristics of the wind velocity, as well as the potential of wind power, are determined by the Weibull distribution. From the given results, the highest values of annual mean wind speed and the annual mean wind power density are found in Adrar (P10 = 283.12 W/m2 and P50 = 646.91 W/m2), while the lowest values are observed in Skikda (P10 = 40.61 W/m2 and P50 = 115.51 W/m2, respectively).

A Mobile Green Power Source for Emergency and Special Purposes Using Solar and Wind Power

In this project, a mobile, renewable, and versatile generation unit is designed. It utilizes solar and wind energy resources which make it usable in any location. The power source can effectively support emergency situations, such as hurricane, wildfire, earthquake, as well as special events such as remote training. It can provide at least 3.7kW to run multiple tools used during search and rescue situations. Specifically, the unit has seven 5-VDC 2-A DC/USB outlets, two AC 120-V 15-A outlets, and four 6-W LED lights which serve diverse equipment and devices. Its battery system could potentially run on its own for 12 hours when supplying 1kW. The unit is housed in a normally-sized trailer with the total weight of around 10,000 lbs. It is very versatile as it can be towed by any popular truck to diverse locations. Simulation has shown that the unit works properly and all design expectations have been met. The use of this green power source will help save lives while keeping our air clean

Frequency Scan–Based Mitigation Approach of Subsynchronous Control Interaction in Type-3 Wind Turbines

Integration of wind energy resources into the grid creates several challenges for power system dynamics. More specifically, Type-3 wind turbines are susceptible to subsynchronous control interactions (SSCIs) when they become radially connected to a series-compensated transmission line. SSCIs can cause disruptions in power generation and can result in significant damage to wind farm (WF) components and equipment. This paper proposes an approach to mitigate SSCIs using an online frequency scan, with optimized phase angles of voltage harmonic injection to maintain steady-state operation, to modify the controllers or the operating conditions of the wind turbine. The proposed strategy is simulated in PSCAD/EMTDC software on the IEEE second benchmark model for subsynchronous resonance. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of this strategy by ensuring oscillations do not grow.

Possibilities for De-carbonizing the Heating and Cooling Sector in the Island of Crete, Greece

Clean energy transition in islands is important and urgent in the current era of climate change. The possibility of de-carbonizing the heating and cooling sector in the island of Crete, Greece has been investigated. Fossil fuels are used in Crete in electricity generation, in heat and cooling production as well as in transportation. The use of various renewable and non-renewable fuels as well as the technologies used in heat and cooling generation has been examined together with the annual changes in fossil fuels consumption during the last years. Various renewable energies like solar energy, biomass and low enthalpy geothermal energy combined with renewable electricity could cover all the heating and cooling requirements in Crete totally eliminating the use of fossil fuels. Their technologies are mature, reliable, and cost efficient. Renewable and low cost electricity can be easily generated by the abundant solar and wind energy resources in Crete powering electric systems generating heat and cooling. Current work indicates that the heating and cooling sector in Crete can be de-carbonized. This would result in the mitigation of climate change complying with the European goal for carbon neutrality in Europe by 2050.