Biochar amendments show potential for restoration of degraded, contaminated, and infertile soils in agricultural and forested landscapes

Author(s):  
Rachel L. Brockamp ◽  
Sharon L. Weyers

The Southern region of the New Hebrides consists of five islands of very different size, clearly separated from and with a cooler climate than the remainder of the archipelago. Only the three largest islands have been studied botanically. These islands are Aneityum and Erromanga, now sparsely populated, where there is still extensive climax vegetation on the deep, infertile soils, and Tanna, with a dense human population, where, except in mountainous regions, there is scarcely anything but secondary vegetation, on generally fertile soils that are periodically rejuvenated by ash showers from a continuously active volcano. The principal vegetation types recognized are: dense Agathis (kauri) - Calophyllum forest; cloud forest, with mosses and ferns, on ridges above 500 m altitude; low forests or thickets with Euphorbiaceae, Hibiscus or Leucaena ; open Acacia spirorbis forest; thickets of Myrtaceae and Vaccinium ; various associations more or less dominated by grasses. The flora, though relatively rich in the New Hebridean context, appears poor in comparison with that of Fiji, to which it is nevertheless fairly closely related, and even poorer in comparison with that of New Caledonia. Its wider affinities are Malaysian.


10.2307/6009 ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 66 (6) ◽  
pp. 914
Author(s):  
Paul Ward ◽  
R. M. DeGraaf ◽  
R. I. Miller

2006 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 692-698 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Duca ◽  
Tadeu J. Guerra ◽  
Miguel Â. Marini

Territory size is an important ecological attribute of populations that has been considered a factor determines population density. Antbirds is a large group of mainly insectivorous Neotropical passerines, usually well represented in bird communities from forested landscapes in Neotropical region. Territory sizes for three Antbirds, Thamnophilus caerulescens (Vieillot, 1816) (Variable Antshrike), Dysithamnus mentalis (Temmink, 1823) (Plain Antvireo) e Pyriglena leucoptera (Vieillot, 1818) (White-shouldered Fire-eye), were mapped and their area estimated by the convex polygon method in a 50 ha forest fragment, in southeastern Brazil. The three species presented small territories of similar sizes (< 2 ha) both during the non-reproductive and the reproductive seasons of 2000-2001. Territories overlapped considerably among species but not intraspecifically. Territory sizes increased with body mass of the three species studied (P. leucoptera > T. caerulescens > D. mentalis). We failed to find any effect on territory size for the three species associated with forest edge or distance to the dirt road.


2022 ◽  
Vol 505 ◽  
pp. 119932
Author(s):  
John Parrotta ◽  
Mauro Agnoletti

2008 ◽  
Vol 84 (4) ◽  
pp. 548-552 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antony W Diamond

Research on forest bird ecology in the ACWERN (Atlantic Cooperative Wildlife Ecology Research Network) lab at the University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, since 1995 has focused on assessing the relative contributions of habitat quality at large (“landscape”) and small (“local” or “stand”) spatial scales. To do so we had to develop methods for assessing key demographic components of fitness (productivity and survival) at large spatial scales. The large extent of forest cover in the Maritimes contrasts with regions where such work has traditionally been carried out, in which forest is clearly fragmented by agriculture or residential development. Our main findings are that spatial effects in highly forested landscapes can often be detected only by using species-specific habitat models, rather than broader categories such as “mature” or “softwood”, that Blackburnian Warblers (Dendroica fusca) are effective indicators of mixedwood forest but define it differently than forest managers do, and that cavity nesters (e.g., woodpeckers) may require different habitat components for nesting and feeding and so cannot be managed for solely on the basis of providing snags for nesting. Our focus has shifted recently to intensive studies on a species at risk, Bicknell's Thrush (Catharus bicknelli), which in New Brunswick breeds in man-made regenerating softwood forest stands, and assessing its response both to precommercial thinning of the breeding habitat and to effects carrying over from the winter habitat in the Caribbean. Key words: landscape effects, thresholds, survival, productivity, fitness, carry-over, habitat, fragmentation


1969 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 132-134
Author(s):  
Henri Talleyrand ◽  
M. A . Lugo-López

PERFORMANCE OF HIGH-YIELDING CORN HYBRIDS PIONEER X-306 B AND FUNK'S G-795W AT HIGH LEVELS OF FERTILIZATION IN THE ACID AND RELATIVELY INFERTILE SOILS (ULTISOLS AND OXISOLS) OF PUERTO RICO


Author(s):  
Brady S. Hardiman ◽  
Elizabeth A. LaRue ◽  
Jeff W. Atkins ◽  
Robert T. Fahey ◽  
Franklin W. Wagner ◽  
...  

Forest canopy structure (CS) controls many ecosystem functions and is highly variable across landscapes, but the magnitude and scale of this variation is not well understood. We used a portable canopy lidar system to characterize variation in five categories of CS along N = 3 transects (140&ndash;800 m long) at each of six forested landscapes within the eastern USA. The cumulative coefficient of variation was calculated for subsegments of each transect to determine the point of stability for individual CS metrics. We then quantified the scale at which CS is autocorrelated using Moran&rsquo;s I in an Incremental Autocorrelation analysis. All CS metrics reached stable values within 300 m but varied substantially within and among forested landscapes. A stable point of 300 m for CS metrics corresponds with the spatial extent that many ecosystem functions are measured and modeled. Additionally, CS metrics were spatially autocorrelated at 40 to 88 m, suggesting that patch scale disturbance or environmental factors drive these patterns. Our study shows CS is heterogeneous across temperate forest landscapes at the scale of 10&rsquo;s of meters, requiring a resolution of this size for upscaling CS with remote sensing to large spatial scales.


Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document