Role of biotechnology on animal breeding and genetic improvement

2022 ◽  
pp. 317-337
Author(s):  
D.N. Das ◽  
D. Paul ◽  
Sukanta Mondal
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Improvement ◽  
Animal Breeding

scholarly journals The role of forage management in addressing challenges facing Australasian dairy farming

2020 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 26
Author(s):  
Lydia M. Cranston ◽  
Keith G. Pembleton ◽  
Lucy L. Burkitt ◽  
Andrew Curtis ◽  
Daniel J. Donaghy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Improvement ◽  
Irrigation Management ◽  
Grazing Management ◽  
Resource Base ◽  
Potential Production ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Dairy Systems ◽  
Fertiliser Use ◽  
Forage Management

Forage management underpins the viability of pastoral dairy systems. This review investigated recent developments in forage research and their potential to enable pastoral dairy systems to meet the challenges that will be faced over the next 10 years. Grazing management, complementary forages, pasture diversity, fertiliser use, chemical restriction, irrigation management and pasture breeding are considered. None of these areas of research are looking to increase production directly through increased inputs, but, rather, they aim to lift maximum potential production, defend against production decline or improve the efficiency of the resource base and inputs. Technology approaches consistently focus on improving efficiency, while genetic improvement or the use of complementary forages and species diversity aim to lift production. These approaches do not require additional labour to implement, but many will require an increase in skill level. Only a few areas will help address animal welfare (e.g. the use of selected complementary forages and novel endophytes) and only complementary forages will help address increased competition from non-dairy alternatives, by positively influencing the properties of milk. Overall, the diversity of activity and potential effects will provide managers of pastoral dairy systems with the best tools to respond to the production and environmental challenges they face over the next 10 years.

Poultry breeding for sustainability and welfare.

2020 ◽  
pp. 117-146
Author(s):  
Anne-Marie Neeteson ◽  
Santiago Avendaño ◽  
Alfons Koerhuis
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Economic Impact ◽  
Food Chain ◽  
Genetic Improvement ◽  
Animal Breeding ◽  
Animal Populations ◽  
Poultry Breeding ◽  
Programme Design

Abstract Animal breeding for welfare and sustainability requires improving and optimizing environmental impact, productivity, robustness and welfare. Breeding is a long-term exercise at the start of the food chain with permanent cumulative outcomes, disseminated widely. This chapter explains, with a focus on poultry, breeding programme design and how broadening breeding goals and managing trait antagonism results in balanced breeding and more robust animal populations. Breeding progress in skeleton and skin health, physiology and body composition, and behaviour are addressed. The economic impact of welfare and environmental improvements is worked out, and the ethical and societal aspects of genetic improvement are put into perspective. The consideration of feedbacks of all stakeholders, including customers and the wider society, is crucial. For each crossbreed, breeders will continue to improve overall welfare, health, productivity and environmental impact, but between the crossbreeds there will be clear differences answering specific demands of concepts and brands.

Biotechnology: a key element in the CGIAR's livestock research programme

1997 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 217-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan Teale
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Improvement ◽  
Developing World ◽  
Research Programme ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Disease Diagnosis ◽  
Animal Breeding ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Unique Potential ◽  
Research Institute

The unique potential of biotechnology to provide new solutions to old problems constraining the contribution of livestock to farming systems in the developing world is emphasized in this paper. An overview of biotechnological aspects of livestock research within the CGIAR, including a description of the research approaches being adopted at the International Livestock Research Institute, is provided. The products of the research are then identified, and their potential applications in disease diagnosis and vaccination, as well as in the fields of animal breeding and genetic improvement, are described.

scholarly journals The role of molecular genetics in animal breeding: A minireview  

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 107-111
Author(s):  
Jitka Kyselová ◽  
Ladislav Tichý ◽  
Kateřina Jochová
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Genetics ◽  
Dna Markers ◽  
Animal Breeding ◽  
Epigenetic Mechanisms ◽  
Omics Technologies ◽  
Microarray Chip ◽  
Chip Technology ◽  
Prevention And Treatment ◽  
Generation Sequencing

Current animal breeding approaches are strongly associated with the development of sophisticated molecular genetics methods and techniques. Worldwide expansion of genomic selection can be achieved by the identification of genetic DNA markers and implementation of the microarray (“chip”) technology. Further advancement was associated with next-generation sequencing methods, high-throughput genotyping platforms, targeted genome editing techniques, and studies of epigenetic mechanisms. The remarkable development of “omics” technologies, such as genomics, epigenomics, transcriptomics, proteomics and metabolomics, has enabled individual genomic prediction of animal performance, identification of disease-causing genes and biomarkers for the prevention and treatment and overall qualitative progress in animal production.  

scholarly journals The Important Role of Germplasm in Improving Carrot, Onion, and Garlic

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 905E-905
Author(s):  
Philipp W. Simon
Keyword(s):  
Wild Species ◽  
Genetic Improvement ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Carotene Content ◽  
Hybrid Production ◽  
Wild Carrot ◽  
Carrot Fly ◽  
Cultivated Species ◽  
Male Sterile Cytoplasm

Genetic improvement of carrot, onion, and garlic has depended upon introgression of alleles from foreign cultivars, from wild forms of cultivated species, and from wild species. Introgression of Asian germplasm in European carrots has resulted in more than a doubling of carotene content; wild carrot has provided two of the most widely used male-sterile cytoplasms for production of hybrids; and Daucus capillifolius has been used as a source of resistance to carrot fly. Onion male-sterile cytoplasm used for hybrid production has its origins in a species related to onion, while resistance to several diseases originated in foreign cultivars. Production of true garlic seed has depended on a broad germplasm base for its success. More examples and germplasm utilization strategies will be discussed.

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