Poultry breeding for sustainability and welfare.

2020 ◽  
pp. 117-146
Author(s):  
Anne-Marie Neeteson ◽  
Santiago Avendaño ◽  
Alfons Koerhuis
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Economic Impact ◽  
Food Chain ◽  
Genetic Improvement ◽  
Animal Breeding ◽  
Animal Populations ◽  
Poultry Breeding ◽  
Programme Design

Abstract Animal breeding for welfare and sustainability requires improving and optimizing environmental impact, productivity, robustness and welfare. Breeding is a long-term exercise at the start of the food chain with permanent cumulative outcomes, disseminated widely. This chapter explains, with a focus on poultry, breeding programme design and how broadening breeding goals and managing trait antagonism results in balanced breeding and more robust animal populations. Breeding progress in skeleton and skin health, physiology and body composition, and behaviour are addressed. The economic impact of welfare and environmental improvements is worked out, and the ethical and societal aspects of genetic improvement are put into perspective. The consideration of feedbacks of all stakeholders, including customers and the wider society, is crucial. For each crossbreed, breeders will continue to improve overall welfare, health, productivity and environmental impact, but between the crossbreeds there will be clear differences answering specific demands of concepts and brands.

Knowledge for animal breeding

1985 ◽  
Vol 310 (1144) ◽  
pp. 243-257 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Improvement ◽  
Reproductive Rate ◽  
Animal Breeding ◽  
Biological Knowledge ◽  
Clotting Factors ◽  
General Role ◽  
Genetic Merit ◽  
Multiple Ovulation ◽  
Novel Products

The opportunities and knowledge required to improve the technology of animal breeding are assessed relative to the baseline of ca. 2 % annual genetic improvement that is possible at present. Present knowledge of the control of reproduction is such that multiple ovulation and embryo transfer (m.o.e.t.) schemes could virtually double the rate of genetic change in species such as cattle where the annual selection intensity is limited by the reproductive rate. There are direct indications from research that new knowledge to facilitate recognition of genetic merit could have a similar impact. Physical techniques such as computerized tomography could aid the assessment of carcass characteristics. Biological knowledge indicates that while biochemical techniques (enzymes or restriction fragment length polymorphism, r.f.l.p.), based on the importance of single alleles may make specific contributions, physiological techniques may have a more general role to play in the recognition of genetic merit. Research in molecular biology points the way to gene transfer, the original genetics of extra specific genes and the production of novel products such as blood clotting factors by domestic animals. Genetic improvement is welfare and ‘Green’ positive; once achieved, it is maintained with no further input but, as a long-term investment, there is the need for a social framework to ensure the application of knowledge to technology.

Effects of long-term growth hormone replacemente therapy on body composition in adult patients with growth hormone deficiency

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
García Moreno Rosa María ◽  
Ramírez Paola Parra ◽  
Saiz Gonzalo Baonza ◽  
Rojas-Marcos Patricia Martin ◽  
Beatriz Lecumberri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Growth Hormone Deficiency ◽  
Adult Patients ◽  
Hormone Deficiency

Economic Impact of Lifestyle Behaviour and Quality of Sleep on Long-Term Sickness Absence

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noora Kanerva ◽  
Paulus Torkki ◽  
Ossi Rahkonen ◽  
Johanna Pekkala ◽  
Olli Pietiläinen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Impact ◽  
Sickness Absence ◽  
Quality Of Sleep ◽  
Lifestyle Behaviour

scholarly journals Long-term effects of a modified, low-protein infant formula on growth and body composition: Follow-up of a randomized, double-blind, equivalence trial

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefanie M.P. Kouwenhoven ◽  
Nadja Antl ◽  
Martijn J.J. Finken ◽  
Jos W.R. Twisk ◽  
Eline M. van der Beek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Infant Formula ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Equivalence Trial ◽  
Low Protein

scholarly journals Effects of Time-Restricted Feeding on Supramaximal Exercise Performance and Body Composition: A Randomized and Counterbalanced Crossover Study in Healthy Men

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (14) ◽  
pp. 7227
Author(s):  
Joana M. Correia ◽  
Inês Santos ◽  
Pedro Pezarat-Correia ◽  
Cláudia Minderico ◽  
Brad J. Schoenfeld ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Exercise Performance ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Restricted Feeding ◽  
Supramaximal Exercise ◽  
Mean Power ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Dietary Record

Using a crossover design, we explored the effects of both short- and long-term time-restricted feeding (TRF) vs. regular diet on Wingate (WnT) performance and body composition in well-trained young men. Twelve healthy male physical education students were included (age: 22.4 ± 2.8 years, height: 174.0 ± 7.1 cm, body mass: 73.6 ± 9.5 kg, body mass index: 24.2 ± 2.0 kg/m2). The order of dieting was randomized and counterbalanced, and all participants served as their own controls. TRF was limited to an 8-h eating window and non-TRF involved a customary meal pattern. Participants performed WnT tests and body composition scans at baseline, post-one and post-four weeks of the assigned diet. Before testing, participants were asked to fill out a dietary record over four consecutive days and were instructed to continue their habitual training throughout the study. Energy intake and macronutrient distribution were similar at baseline in both conditions. WnT mean power and total work output increased post-four weeks of TRF. Both conditions were similarly effective in increasing fat-free mass after four weeks of intervention. However, there was no correlation between change in fat-free mass and WnT mean power after TRF. TRF did not elicit any changes in WnT performance or body composition one week post-intervention. Thus, long-term TRF can be used in combination with regular training to improve supramaximal exercise performance in well-trained men.

scholarly journals Body composition, lipid profile and mediterranean diet adherence in cardiovascular disease patients attending a long-term exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation program during COVID-19 pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M Linan Pinto ◽  
R Pinto ◽  
S Charneca ◽  
J Vasques ◽  
M Lemos Pires ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Mediterranean Diet ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Nutritional Intervention ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
Body Composition Assessment ◽  
Metabolic Complications

Abstract Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: None. Introduction  Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is recognized as a major public health issue and remains the leading cause of mortality worldwide. There is a clear association between adiposity, blood lipid profile, and adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MD) with the risk of CVD. However, the assessment of body composition parameters, dietary patterns and nutritional intervention in CVD patients undergoing a cardiovascular rehabilitation (CR) program remains insufficient.  Purpose  to characterize body composition, lipid profile and MD adherence in patients with CVD who were attending an exercise-based CR program during COVID-19 era.  Methods  The study was developed between October 2020 and January 2021 in a phase III centre-based CR program. Body composition was assessed by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry Hologic Explorer-W. Adherence to the MD was assessed by the 14-item MD questionnaire. Fasting blood sample was taken for measurement of lipid profile.  Results  A sample of 41 patients (mean age 64.4 ± 7.9 years, 87.8% male) was evaluated. The most prevalent CVD were coronary artery disease (89.5%) and heart failure (21.1%). The main CVD risk factors at admission in the CR program were dyslipidaemia (71.1%), hypertension (68.4%), physical inactivity (26.3%) and diabetes mellitus (21.0%). In our sample the mean body mass index was 28 ± 3.8 kg/m2, being most patients overweight (75.6%), and having a substantially increased risk of metabolic complications (85.3%) accordingly to waist-hip ratio. Body composition assessment showed that 14.6% of the patients had a body fat mass index above 90th percentile. Although only 9.8% of the patients had reduced fat free mass, 17.1% showed appendicular lean mass below the reference value. In addition, less than one third of the patients (31.7%) revealed a high adherence to the MD pattern. A sub-analysis on blood lipids (n = 26) showed that most patients had levels of LDL cholesterol (76.9%) and non-HDL cholesterol (65.4%) above the therapeutic target and 15.4% had triglycerides higher than 150 mg/dl.  Conclusion  Body composition, lipid profile and dietary patterns, play a major role in CVD secondary prevention. Our findings showed that a substantial number of CVD patients, in COVID-19 era, did not have optimal body composition, were above lipid profile targets, and had a low/medium adherence to the MD. Thus, this study highlights the relevance of nutrition on cardiometabolic status and demonstrates the crucial role of nutritional intervention as an integrated part of a long-term phase III CR program. Moreover, further research about nutritional intervention in patients undergoing CR is warranted.

The importance of year-round flea and roundworm prevention in lockdown and beyond

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 54-57
Author(s):  
Ian Wright
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Pivotal Role ◽  
Parasite Control ◽  
Treatment Need ◽  
Zoonotic Risk ◽  
Control Protocols

Whether routine preventative deworming regimens for Toxocara spp. in cats and dogs should be used to reduce zoonotic risk, continues to be a subject of much debate. Nurses are on the frontline of giving preventative parasite control advice and it is vital that this is based on the latest evidence to minimise zoonotic risk while ensuring over treatment does not take place. The need for routine year-round flea treatment is also fundamental to parasite control protocols in cats and dogs. The benefits of routine flea treatment need to be considered against the possible environmental impact and drug resistance issues that may be associated with long-term use. Veterinary nurses play a pivotal role in giving accurate parasite control to clients and balancing these factors based on the latest evidence.

scholarly journals Potential Effects of a Modified Mediterranean Diet on Body Composition in Lipoedema

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 358
Author(s):  
Laura Di Renzo ◽  
Giulia Cinelli ◽  
Lorenzo Romano ◽  
Samanta Zomparelli ◽  
Gemma Lou De Santis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Mediterranean Diet ◽  
Diet Therapy ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Quality Of Life Scale ◽  
Life Scale ◽  
Daily Physical Activities ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose

Lipoedema is a subcutaneous adipose tissue disease characterized by the increase in the amount and structure of fat mass (FM) in specific areas, causing pain and discomfort. 95% of patients fail to lose weight in the lipoedema areas. The study was conducted to evaluate body composition and general health status modification in a group of lipoedema patients (LIPPY) and a control group (CTRL) after four weeks of a modified Mediterranean diet therapy (mMeD). A total of 29 subjects were included in the data analysis, divided in two groups: 14 LIPPY and 15 CTRL. After the mMeD, both groups significantly decreased their weight and body mass index; the CTRL also showed a reduction of all the circumferences and all FM’s compartments. LIPPY showed a decrease of FM in upper and lower limbs. No significant differences in Δ% between the groups were observed for the lean mass (LM). In LIPPY, an increase in the patients’ ability to perform various daily physical activities related to the loss of arms’ and legs’ fat was observed. According to the European Quality of Life scale, the possibility for LIPPY subjects to perform simple daily activities with less fatigue, pain and anxiety is highlighted. Further long-term studies are recommended to confirm the mMeD as a good strategy for Lipoedema treatment.

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