Lipid Extraction From Fish Processing Residues for Sustainable Biofuel Production

AbstractBackground. Mechanical stress was investigated as a mean to harvest microalgal lipids without affecting algal cells’ viability. Monoraphidium minutum was cultivated in laboratory-scale photobioreactors and suspension cultures were submitted to mechanical stress to compare a cyclone, a centrifuge and a homogenizer. Lipid content within the extracellular medium was analyzed prior to and after treatment, and the amount of released lipids was quantified. Algal cell viability was also evaluated before and after treatment.Results. After mechanical-stress treatments, 7.0 to 12.7% of the intracellular lipids of Monoraphidium minutum were released and found in the extracellular medium, while recovered algal cells presented low levels of disruption after treatments.Conclusions. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first proof-of-concept demonstration on the use of mechanical stress for lipid extraction from viable microalgae. Certain level of centrifugation proved to make algae release around 10% of their lipids to the extracellular medium. This mostly exploratory work calls for deeper investigation, paving the way for a biofuel production based on continuous lipid recovery and microalgae reuses.

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Biodiesel Production From Lignocellulosic Biomass Using Oleaginous Microbes: Prospects for Integrated Biofuel Production

Frontiers in Microbiology ◽

10.3389/fmicb.2021.658284 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Anjani Devi Chintagunta ◽

Gaetano Zuccaro ◽

Mahesh Kumar ◽

S. P. Jeevan Kumar ◽

Vijay Kumar Garlapati ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vegetable Oils ◽

Circular Economy ◽

Edible Oils ◽

Lipid Extraction ◽

Biodiesel Production ◽

Biofuel Production ◽

Oleaginous Microalgae ◽

Waste Oils ◽

Lignocellulosic Substrates ◽

Liquid Biofuel

Biodiesel is an eco-friendly, renewable, and potential liquid biofuel mitigating greenhouse gas emissions. Biodiesel has been produced initially from vegetable oils, non-edible oils, and waste oils. However, these feedstocks have several disadvantages such as requirement of land and labor and remain expensive. Similarly, in reference to waste oils, the feedstock content is succinct in supply and unable to meet the demand. Recent studies demonstrated utilization of lignocellulosic substrates for biodiesel production using oleaginous microorganisms. These microbes accumulate higher lipid content under stress conditions, whose lipid composition is similar to vegetable oils. In this paper, feedstocks used for biodiesel production such as vegetable oils, non-edible oils, oleaginous microalgae, fungi, yeast, and bacteria have been illustrated. Thereafter, steps enumerated in biodiesel production from lignocellulosic substrates through pretreatment, saccharification and oleaginous microbe-mediated fermentation, lipid extraction, transesterification, and purification of biodiesel are discussed. Besides, the importance of metabolic engineering in ensuring biofuels and biorefinery and a brief note on integration of liquid biofuels have been included that have significant importance in terms of circular economy aspects.

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Electro-Fenton Based Technique to Enhance Cell Harvest and Lipid Extraction from Microalgae

Energies ◽

10.3390/en13153813 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (15) ◽

pp. 3813 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Shuai Zhang ◽

Yuyong Hou ◽

Zhiyong Liu ◽

Xiang Ji ◽

Di Wu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cell Wall ◽

Lipid Extraction ◽

Extraction Yield ◽

Biofuel Production ◽

Transmission Electron ◽

Cell Wall Disruption ◽

Dry Cell Weight ◽

Major Bottleneck ◽

Wet Microalgae ◽

Disruption Method

Currently, lipid extraction remains a major bottleneck in microalgae technology for biofuel production. In this study, an effective and easily controlled cell wall disruption method based on electro-Fenton reaction was used to enhance lipid extraction from the wet biomass of Nannochloropsis oceanica IMET1. The results showed that 1.27 mM of hydroxide radical (HO•) was generated under the optimal conditions with 9.1 mM FeSO4 in a 16.4 mA·cm−2 current density for 37.0 min. After the electro-Fenton treatment, the neutral lipid extraction yield of microalgae (~155 mg) increased from 40% to 87.5%, equal to from 12.2% to 26.7% dry cell weight (DCW). In particular, the fatty acid composition remained stable. The cell wall disruption and lipid extraction processes were displayed by the transmission electron microscope (TEM) and fluorescence microscopy (FM) observations, respectively. Meanwhile, the removal efficiency of algal cells reached 85.2% within 2 h after the reaction was terminated. Furthermore, the biomass of the microalgae cultured in the electrolysis wastewater treated with fresh nutrients reached 3 g/L, which is 12-fold higher than that of the initial after 24 days. These finds provided an economic and efficient method for lipid extraction from wet microalgae, which could be easily controlled by current magnitude regulation.

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Hybrid liquid biphasic system for cell disruption and simultaneous lipid extraction from microalgae Chlorella sorokiniana CY-1 for biofuel production

Biotechnology for Biofuels ◽

10.1186/s13068-019-1591-8 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Guo Yong Yew ◽

Kit Wayne Chew ◽

Marlinda Abdul Malek ◽

Yeek-Chia Ho ◽

Wei-Hsin Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cell Wall ◽

Organic Solvent ◽

Lipid Extraction ◽

Research Work ◽

Volume Ratio ◽

Single Step ◽

Biofuel Production ◽

Biphasic System ◽

One Step ◽

Extraction Processes

Abstract Background The extraction of lipids from microalgae requires a pretreatment process to break the cell wall and subsequent extraction processes to obtain the lipids for biofuels production. The multistep operation tends to incur high costs and are energy intensive due to longer process operations. This research work applies the combination of radicals from hydrogen peroxide with an organic solvent as a chemical pretreatment method for disrupting the cell wall of microalgae and simultaneously extracting lipids from the biomass in a one-step biphasic solution. Result Several parameters which can affect the biphasic system were analyzed: contact time, volume of solvent, volume ratio, type of organic solvent, biomass amount and concentration of solvents, to extract the highest amount of lipids from microalgae. The results were optimized and up to 83.5% of lipid recovery yield and 94.6% of enhancement was successfully achieved. The results obtain from GC-FID were similar to the analysis of triglyceride lipid standard. Conclusion The profound hybrid biphasic system shows great potential to radically disrupt the cell wall of microalgae and instantaneously extract lipids in a single-step approach. The lipids extracted were tested to for its comparability to biodiesel performance.

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Potential Use of High Rate Algae Ponds for Resource Recovery in the Water-Food-Energy Nexus for Tanzania: A Review

Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology ◽

10.52339/tjet.v38i1.501 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 38 (1) ◽

pp. 130-151

Author(s):

Mary Kaombo ◽

Aloyce W. Mayo ◽

Richard Kimwaga ◽

Sara Gabrielsson

Keyword(s):

Animal Feed ◽

Lipid Extraction ◽

Algal Species ◽

Oxygen Demand ◽

Resource Recovery ◽

Biofuel Production ◽

High Rate ◽

Research Attention ◽

Algae Biomass ◽

Animal Feeding

The use of High Rate Algal Ponds (HRAPs) for the treatment of wastewater and resource recovery has raised interest in recent years. Treatment of wastewater through this technology has proved to have high efficiency in reducing the level of pollution, nutrients, dissolved solids as well as pathogens. HRAPs are more efficient than conventional Wastewater Stabilization Ponds (WSPs) due to their design approach that provides room for high rate bio-chemical processes, which increase the mechanisms of nutrients and pathogens removal as well as the rate of micro-algae production for purposes of resource recovery. This paper reviews the upgrading potential of existing WSPs to HRAPs for resource recovery from products of wastewater for biofuel production, as a plant nutrient or for irrigation purposes and animal feeding. Several results have reported HRAPs to have efficiency in reducing bacterial contamination in excess of 99% while the removal of organic matter of up to 84% for Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) and 88% for Biochemical Oxygen Demand under normal conditions have been reported. The removal for nitrogen was indicated to vary from 50 t0 98% while that of phosphorus varies from 32 to 99% depending on the culture conditions. It was further noted that, the potential for resource recovery from HRAPs is high in terms of energy and nutrients recovered through algae biomass, particularly for biofuel and animal feed production. Whereas among the dominant algal species of the HRAP Chlorella vulgaris revealed to have suitability in both treatment of wastewater and achieved a higher effluent quality and having nutrients contents essential for lipid extraction for biofuel and as a protein source for animal feeding which is largely attributed by their ability to grow very rapidly and to tolerate varieties of cultural conditions. To date, limited research attention has been given to studying the re-use potential of wastewater for irrigation purposes in Africa.

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