Modeling Livestock Management Systems under Variable Climatic Conditions in East Africa

1983 ◽  
pp. 411-417
Author(s):  
G.M. Sullivan
Keyword(s):  
East Africa ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Livestock Management

Experimental Work with the Tsetse-fly, Glossina palpalis, in Uganda

1936 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 611-632 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth Mellanby
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
East Africa ◽  
Experimental Work ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Tsetse Fly ◽  
London School ◽  
East African ◽  
Laboratory Assistant ◽  
Glossina Palpalis

This is an account of laboratory experiments made with the tsetse Glossina palpalis. The results deal mainly with the effects of climatic conditions, temperature and humidity in particular, on the metabolism and life-cycle. Some work was also done on the activity and behaviour of the fly, but this is very incomplete, though it shows the importance of the problem and the need for further study.The work was done during a visit of just over a year to East Africa, in 1935-36, as Wandsworth Scholar of the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine. I spent most of the time at the Human Trypanosomiasis Institute, Entebbe, Uganda, and also visited tsetse areas in Kenya and Tanganyika. I am grateful to all those who helped to make my visit profitable. Among others, to the Directors of Medical Services of the East African territories, in particular the Hon. W. H. Kauntze of Uganda, and many members of their departments. To Mr. C. B. Symes, Medical Entomologist, Kenya, and to Mr. W. H. Potts, of the Department of Tsetse Research, Tanganyika. I am especially grateful to Dr. H. Lyndhurst Duke, Director of the Human Trypanosomiasis Institute, for many kindnesses. Considerable assistance was received from Mrs. Helen Mellanby, who was working on allied problems at Entebbe. And mention must be made of the intelligent and conscientious help of my laboratory assistant, Omw. Bonaventure Semalwadde.

Response of dung beetle diversity to three livestock management systems in drylands of central Mexico

2021 ◽  
Vol 193 ◽  
pp. 104598
Author(s):  
Felipe Barragán ◽  
Javier Labastida ◽  
Alfredo Ramírez-Hernández
Keyword(s):  
Dung Beetle ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Central Mexico ◽  
Livestock Management

The distribution ofFasciola hepaticaandFasciola giganticawithin southern Tanzania – constraints associated with the intermediate host

Parasitology ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 135 (4) ◽  
pp. 495-503 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. WALKER ◽  
A. E. MAKUNDI ◽  
F. V. NAMUBA ◽  
A. A. KASSUKU ◽  
J. KEYYU ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Altitude ◽  
Intermediate Host ◽  
East Africa ◽  
Fasciola Hepatica ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Fasciola Gigantica ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
28S Rrna ◽  
Lymnaea Truncatula

SUMMARYIn East Africa,Fasciola giganticais generally the causative agent of fasciolosis but there have been reports ofF. hepaticain cattle from highland regions of Kenya, Ethiopia, Uganda and Zaire. The topography of the Southern Highlands of Tanzania provides an environment where the climatic conditions exist for the sustenance of lymnaeid species capable of supporting bothFasciola hepaticaandF. gigantica. Theoretically this would allow interaction between fasciolid species and the possible creation of hybrids. In this report we present molecular data confirming the existence of the snail,Lymnaea truncatula, at high altitude on the Kitulo Plateau of the Southern Highlands, Tanzania, along with morphometric and molecular data confirming the presence ofF. hepaticain the corresponding area. At lower altitudes, where climatic conditions were unfavourable for the existence ofL. truncatula, the presence of its sister speciesL. natalensiswas confirmed by molecular data along with its preferred fasciolid parasite,F. gigantica. Analysis based on a 618 bp sequence of the 28S rRNA gene did not reveal the presence of hybrid fasciolids in our fluke samples.

scholarly journals Productivity and quality of melon cultivated in a protected environment under different soil managements

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 576-583
Author(s):  
Carlos Eduardo P Lima ◽  
Mariana R Fontenelle ◽  
Gabriela R Ligoski ◽  
Nuno R Madeira ◽  
Valter R Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Conservation ◽  
Cucumis Melo ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Conservation Practices ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Brazilian Cerrado ◽  
Sustainable Cultivation

ABSTRACT The need to adapt agricultural crops to climate change and to develop more sustainable cultivation systems has been a major challenge for agriculture. In this study the effects of soil conservation practices were evaluated on production aspects of melon (Cucumis melo), cultivar BRS Araguaia, cultivated in a greenhouse under soil and climatic conditions of the Brazilian Cerrado. The adopted experimental design was of randomized blocks with three treatments (soil managements) and six replicates. We evaluated the following soil management systems: no-tillage (PD), minimum tillage (CM) and conventional tillage (PC) in two cycles. Increases in commercial productivity and average number of marketable fruits were observed for PD (61.5 and 61.2 t/ha; 56,000 and 44,300 fruits/ha in the first and second cycles, respectively) and CM (59.7 and 57.5 t/ha; 55,700 and 42,400 fruits/ha in the first and second cycles, respectively). No effects of management systems on fruit quality were observed. PD and CM were effective in increasing the melon production under evaluated conditions.

scholarly journals Diversity and Altitudinal Distribution of Understorey Corticolous Lichens in a Tropical Montane Forest in Kenya (East Africa)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul M. Kirika ◽  
George G. Ndiritu ◽  
George K. Mugambi ◽  
Leonard E. Newton ◽  
H. Thorsten Lumbsch
Keyword(s):  
East Africa ◽  
Structural Heterogeneity ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Windward Side ◽  
Leeward Side ◽  
Sampling Effort ◽  
Forest Types ◽  
Altitudinal Distribution ◽  
Adequate Sampling ◽  
Study Sites

Lichens constitute an important component of tropical forest biodiversity. This study inventoried corticolous lichens and examined their variation in various forest types with varying climatic conditions in Mt. Kenya, East Africa. Specifically we evaluated variation of lichen assemblages in relation to forest types and tree diversity along an altitudinal gradient (1800-3100m). Ten study sites were established on two contrasting sides of Mt. Kenya in the indigenous forest: six of them at Chogoria which is on the humid southeastern windward side of the mountain and four sites on the Sirimon side located on the drier northwestern leeward side. Overall 242 lichen taxa were documented; with Chogoria and Sirimon forests having 148 and 94 species that translated to an adequate sampling effort of 74 % and 68 %, respectively. The two contrasting forest types (Chogoria and Sirimon) supported slightly different lichens assemblages. Meanwhile lichen assemblages were found to significantly vary with elevation (or forest types) and with tree host. Posterior analyses showed that the differences were significant among sampling sites (or forest types) on the Chogoria side and insignificant on the Sirimon side. Similarly the number of lichens differed significantly among the host tree species. This study stresses the urgent need to upscale the sustainable management of the presently threatened tropical forests in order to preserve their structural heterogeneity.

scholarly journals Whole-farm returns show true profitability of three different livestock management systems

2013 ◽  
Vol 53 (8) ◽  
pp. 780 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. Scott ◽  
J. M. Scott ◽  
O. J. Cacho
Keyword(s):  
Cash Flow ◽  
Business Performance ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Livestock Management ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Beef Cattle Production ◽  
Business Performance Measures ◽  
Farm Business ◽  
Gross Margins

On the New South Wales Northern Tablelands, sheep, wool and beef cattle production account for most agricultural output. The industries have been challenged in recent years by environmental and economic factors and are therefore looking for modified or alternative livestock management systems that are capable of sustaining profitability. The Cicerone Project aimed to address these issues by comparing three different grazing and pasture improvement systems. Some recent livestock industry analyses have been based on gross margins which do not include overhead costs. This is an important limitation; economic analysis needs to report key whole-farm business performance measures since overhead costs can differ significantly between livestock management systems. A representative farm approach was used to compare the profitability of the three different livestock management systems. Commercial-scale whole-farm and cash flow analyses over a 5-year period were used to evaluate profitability. No particular system could be recommended to graziers because the test period was not sufficiently representative of the long-term climate to make an adequate assessment about their long-term profitability. Nevertheless, it is apparent that whole-farm level budgets are essential for comparing the overall profitability of different livestock management systems. It is concluded that analysts, consultants and graziers should use whole-farm and cash flow analyses to gauge profitability of different livestock management systems particularly where sustainability issues are important.

scholarly journals Heterogeneous Winter Wheat Populations Differ in Yield Stability Depending on their Genetic Background and Management System

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (21) ◽  
pp. 6172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Odette D. Weedon ◽  
Maria R. Finckh
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Genetic Background ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Yield Stability ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Stability Parameters ◽  
Yield Performance ◽  
Conventional Management ◽  
The University

Twelve winter wheat composite cross populations (CCPs), based on three genetic backgrounds and maintained at the University of Kassel, Germany, under both organic and conventional management, were assessed for yield performance and stability in comparison to two commercial varieties over eight and 10 experimental years. A number of stability parameters were chosen in order to identify populations with either adaptation to specific environments or broad adaptation across environments. The genetic effects of the CCP parental varieties were clearly present when comparing CCP yield performance in both management systems. Compared to the variety ‘Capo’, CCPs yielded similarly under organic, but poorer under conventional conditions. Under both management systems, CCPs with the broadest or with a more modern (high yielding) genetic base achieved the greatest yield stability, exceeding that of ‘Capo’, and demonstrating the buffering capacity of genetic diversity. CCPs with a genetic background of high yielding parents reacted most strongly to the different environments and apparently diverged under conventional management over time. Possibilities to improve CCPs through the addition of new genetic material while maintaining the benefits of diversity to achieve higher and more stable yields, particularly in light of increasingly unpredictable climatic conditions are discussed.

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