Critical periods of brain development

2020 ◽  
pp. 75-88
Author(s):  
J. Miguel Cisneros-Franco ◽  
Patrice Voss ◽  
Maryse E. Thomas ◽  
Etienne de Villers-Sidani
Keyword(s):  
Brain Development ◽  
Critical Periods

Studies on critical periods of brain development in mice

1988 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
pp. 303
Author(s):  
S. Pieretti ◽  
A. D'Amore ◽  
L. Donati ◽  
S. Palazzesi ◽  
G. Pezzini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Development ◽  
Critical Periods

scholarly journals Fetal and Neonatal Levels of Omega-3: Effects on Neurodevelopment, Nutrition, and Growth

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana Rombaldi Bernardi ◽  
Renata de Souza Escobar ◽  
Charles Francisco Ferreira ◽  
Patrícia Pelufo Silveira
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Brain Development ◽  
Neural Development ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Critical Periods ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Dietary Nutrients

Nutrition in pregnancy, during lactation, childhood, and later stages has a fundamental influence on overall development. There is a growing research interest on the role of key dietary nutrients in fetal health. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 LCPUFAs) play an important role in brain development and function. Evidence from animal models of dietary n-3 LCPUFAs deficiency suggests that these fatty acids promote early brain development and regulate behavioral and neurochemical aspects related to mood disorders (stress responses, depression, and aggression and growth, memory, and cognitive functions). Preclinical and clinical studies suggest the role of n-3 LCPUFAs on neurodevelopment and growth. n-3 LCPUFAs may be an effective adjunctive factor for neural development, growth, and cognitive development, but further large-scale, well-controlled trials and preclinical studies are needed to examine its clinical mechanisms and possible benefits. The present paper discusses the use of n-3 LCPUFAs during different developmental stages and the investigation of different sources of consumption. The paper summarizes the role of n-3 LCPUFAs levels during critical periods and their effects on the children’s neurodevelopment, nutrition, and growth.

scholarly journals Evidence of Altered Brain Sexual Differentiation in Mice Exposed Perinatally to Low, Environmentally Relevant Levels of Bisphenol A

Endocrinology ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 147 (8) ◽  
pp. 3681-3691 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beverly S. Rubin ◽  
Jenny R. Lenkowski ◽  
Cheryl M. Schaeberle ◽  
Laura N. Vandenberg ◽  
Paul M. Ronsheim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Bisphenol A ◽  
Brain Development ◽  
Sexual Differentiation ◽  
Female Offspring ◽  
Sexually Dimorphic ◽  
Critical Periods ◽  
Neuron Number ◽  
Brain Sexual Differentiation ◽  
Estrogenic Chemical

Humans are routinely exposed to bisphenol A (BPA), an estrogenic chemical present in food and beverage containers, dental composites, and many products in the home and workplace. BPA binds both classical nuclear estrogen receptors and facilitates membrane-initiated estrogenic effects. Here we explore the ability of environmentally relevant exposure to BPA to affect anatomical and functional measures of brain development and sexual differentiation. Anatomical evidence of alterations in brain sexual differentiation were examined in male and female offspring born to mouse dams exposed to 0, 25, or 250 ng BPA/kg body weight per day from the evening of d 8 of gestation through d 16 of lactation. These studies examined the sexually dimorphic population of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) neurons in the rostral periventricular preoptic area, an important brain region for estrous cyclicity and estrogen-positive feedback. The significant sex differences in TH neuron number observed in control offspring were diminished or obliterated in offspring exposed to BPA primarily because of a decline in TH neuron number in BPA-exposed females. As a functional endpoint of BPA action on brain sexual differentiation, we examined the effects of perinatal BPA exposure on sexually dimorphic behaviors in the open field. Data from these studies revealed significant sex differences in the vehicle-exposed offspring that were not observed in the BPA-exposed offspring. These data indicate that BPA may be capable of altering important events during critical periods of brain development.

scholarly journals 115.3 Single-Cell Analysis of Adolescence and Other Critical Periods in Brain Development

2017 ◽  
Vol 43 (suppl_1) ◽  
pp. S61-S61
Author(s):  
Steven McCarroll ◽  
Evan Macosko ◽  
Arpiar Saunders ◽  
Melissa Goldman ◽  
Laura Bortolin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Development ◽  
Single Cell ◽  
Single Cell Analysis ◽  
Cell Analysis ◽  
Critical Periods

scholarly journals From Neurodevelopmental to Neurodegenerative Disorders: The Vascular Continuum

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie Ouellette ◽  
Baptiste Lacoste
Keyword(s):  
Brain Development ◽  
Neurodegenerative Disorders ◽  
Healthy Aging ◽  
Blood Stream ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Critical Periods ◽  
Vascular Networks ◽  
Vascular Abnormalities ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Brain

Structural and functional integrity of the cerebral vasculature ensures proper brain development and function, as well as healthy aging. The inability of the brain to store energy makes it exceptionally dependent on an adequate supply of oxygen and nutrients from the blood stream for matching colossal demands of neural and glial cells. Key vascular features including a dense vasculature, a tightly controlled environment, and the regulation of cerebral blood flow (CBF) all take part in brain health throughout life. As such, healthy brain development and aging are both ensured by the anatomical and functional interaction between the vascular and nervous systems that are established during brain development and maintained throughout the lifespan. During critical periods of brain development, vascular networks remodel until they can actively respond to increases in neural activity through neurovascular coupling, which makes the brain particularly vulnerable to neurovascular alterations. The brain vasculature has been strongly associated with the onset and/or progression of conditions associated with aging, and more recently with neurodevelopmental disorders. Our understanding of cerebrovascular contributions to neurological disorders is rapidly evolving, and increasing evidence shows that deficits in angiogenesis, CBF and the blood-brain barrier (BBB) are causally linked to cognitive impairment. Moreover, it is of utmost curiosity that although neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorders express different clinical features at different stages of life, they share similar vascular abnormalities. In this review, we present an overview of vascular dysfunctions associated with neurodevelopmental (autism spectrum disorders, schizophrenia, Down Syndrome) and neurodegenerative (multiple sclerosis, Huntington’s, Parkinson’s, and Alzheimer’s diseases) disorders, with a focus on impairments in angiogenesis, CBF and the BBB. Finally, we discuss the impact of early vascular impairments on the expression of neurodegenerative diseases.

Music Changes the Brain

2018 ◽  
pp. 98-111
Author(s):  
Paul Lennard
Keyword(s):  
Brain Development ◽  
Language Processing ◽  
Cerebral Hemisphere ◽  
Critical Periods ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Music Training ◽  
Short Term Plasticity ◽  
Process Music ◽  
The Brain

This chapter examines ways in which listening to or making music changes our brains morphologically and functionally. Evidence for short-term plasticity in response to music is reviewed. Critical periods early in life, when exposure to music and music training can alter brain development, are summarized. Evidence that the brains of musicians and nonmusicians differ is presented. It is shown that nonmusicians process music primarily in the nondominant cerebral hemisphere, while musicians have structural and functional shifts of lateralization to the dominant cerebral hemisphere. This shift is discussed in terms of a theory that nonmusicians process music holistically in the nondominant cerebral hemisphere, while trained musicians tend to apply syntax to music, using language-processing circuitry in the dominant cerebral hemisphere.

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