New Developments in the Pathogenesis and Management of Neonatal Pulmonary Hypertension

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), a form of pulmonary hypertension, is a complex disease of multifactorial origin. While new developments regarding pathophysiological features and therapeutic options in PAH are being reported, one important fact has emerged over the years: there is a sex difference in the incidence of this disease such that while there is a higher incidence in females, disease outcomes are much worse in males. Accordingly, recent attention has been focused on understanding the features of sex differences in the pulmonary circulation and the contributory mechanisms, particularly sex hormones and their role in the pathological and pathophysiological features of PAH. However, to date, there is no clear consensus whether sex hormones (particularly female sex steroids) are beneficial or detrimental in PAH. In this review, we highlight some of the most recent evidence regarding the influence of sex hormones (estrogen, testosterone, progesterone, dehydroepiandrosterone) and estrogen metabolites on key pathophysiological features of PAH such as proliferation, vascular remodeling, vasodilation/constriction, and inflammation, thus setting the stage for research avenues to identify novel therapeutic target for PAH as well as potentially other forms of pulmonary hypertension.

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New developments in the treatment of chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension

Clinical Investigation ◽

10.4155/cli.12.25 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 2 (4) ◽

pp. 397-402

Author(s):

Irene M Lang

Keyword(s):

Pulmonary Hypertension ◽

Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension ◽

New Developments ◽

Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension

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Quantitative nano-characterization of heterogeneous catalysts

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100138361 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 53 ◽

pp. 398-399

Author(s):

P.A. Crozier ◽

M. Pan

Keyword(s):

Heterogeneous Catalysts ◽

Low Dose ◽

Imaging Techniques ◽

Structural Features ◽

Catalyst Characterization ◽

New Developments ◽

Double Phase ◽

Phase Systems ◽

Dose Imaging

Heterogeneous catalysts can be of varying complexity ranging from single or double phase systems to complicated mixtures of metals and oxides with additives to help promote chemical reactions, extend the life of the catalysts, prevent poisoning etc. Although catalysis occurs on the surface of most systems, detailed descriptions of the microstructure and chemistry of catalysts can be helpful for developing an understanding of the mechanism by which a catalyst facilitates a reaction. Recent years have seen continued development and improvement of various TEM, STEM and AEM techniques for yielding information on the structure and chemistry of catalysts on the nanometer scale. Here we review some quantitative approaches to catalyst characterization that have resulted from new developments in instrumentation.HREM has been used to examine structural features of catalysts often by employing profile imaging techniques to study atomic details on the surface. Digital recording techniques employing slow-scan CCD cameras have facilitated the use of low-dose imaging in zeolite structure analysis and electron crystallography. Fig. la shows a low-dose image from SSZ-33 zeolite revealing the presence of a stacking fault.

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New Developments in Mass Spectrometry

10.1039/2045-7553 ◽

2014 ◽

Keyword(s):

Mass Spectrometry ◽

New Developments

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Instrumental Assessment in Cleft Palate Care

Perspectives on Speech Science and Orofacial Disorders ◽

10.1044/ssod23.2.49 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 23 (2) ◽

pp. 49-61 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Jamie Perry ◽

Graham Schenck

Keyword(s):

Cleft Palate ◽

New Developments ◽

Perceptual Evaluation ◽

Advantages And Disadvantages ◽

Instrumental Assessment ◽

Speech Language Pathologist ◽

Hypernasal Speech ◽

Perceptual Assessment ◽

Velopharyngeal Function ◽

And Function

Despite advances in surgical management, it is estimated that 20–30% of children with repaired cleft palate will continue to have hypernasal speech and require a second surgery to create normal velopharyngeal function (Bricknell, McFadden, & Curran, 2002; Härtel, Karsten, & Gundlach, 1994; McWilliams, 1990). A qualitative perceptual assessment by a speech-language pathologist is considered the most important step of the evaluation for children with resonance disorders (Peterson-Falzone, Hardin-Jones, & Karnell, 2010). Direct and indirect instrumental analyses should be used to confirm or validate the perceptual evaluation of an experienced speech-language pathologist (Paal, Reulbach, Strobel-Schwarthoff, Nkenke, & Schuster, 2005). The purpose of this article is to provide an overview of current instrumental assessment methods used in cleft palate care. Both direct and indirect instrumental procedures will be reviewed with descriptions of the advantages and disadvantages of each. Lastly, new developments for evaluating velopharyngeal structures and function will be provided.

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