The parental factor in adolescent reckless driving: The road ahead

2021 ◽

Vol 6 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Rezwan us Saleheen ◽

Abu Salman Shaikat ◽

Saiful Islam ◽

Md. Rezwanur Rahman

Keyword(s):

Electrical Energy ◽

Traffic Density ◽

Vehicle Speed ◽

The Road ◽

Turn On ◽

Light System ◽

Road Users ◽

Measuring Section ◽

Reckless Driving ◽

Low Traffic

Extravagance of electrical energy and human efforts is a common context while using manual switching of streetlights. In most of the cases, the streetlights remain ON during evening, night, even daylight the lights manually are switched OFF. This leads to a lot of energy wastage because lights keep glowing even when there is absolutely no necessity of it. This study aims to develop a smart street light system which glows when the vehicle or pedestrian enters the certain point of the road and make the light be in OFF/Dim position when it is not required. An illustration consisting of a transmitter and a receiver are made to accomplish the goal. The proposed system can turn ON the lights while nightfall and OFF the lights detecting the appearance of daylights. Meanwhile, presence as per the requirement. Hence, the street light will ON only when there are road users are present over there. The system is incorporated with a speed measuring section to reduce rash driving while the road has relatively low traffic density. Compared to the conventional street light system, this streetlight can reduce redundant energy consumption as well as reckless driving tendency.

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R v Millward [1994] Crim LR 527 (CA) Facts: The appellant was convicted of aiding, abetting, counselling or procuring another person to cause death by reckless driving. The prosecution case was that the appellant had given one of his employees instructions which involved him using a tractor belonging to the appellant to tow a trailer on a main road. The tractor’s hitch was poorly maintained and during the journey the trailer became detached and hit a car, causing the death of a passenger. The recklessness alleged was confined to the state of the hitch mechanism, and the appellant was said to have procured the offence by his instructions to his employee. It was argued on appeal that there was no reported case of a procurer being convicted following the acquittal of a principal offender. Further, in the instant case, the word ‘reckless’ imported a mental element into the actus reus of the offence. The acquittal thus implied that the actus reus had not been committed. Held, dismissing the appeal: 1 A passage in Blackstone’s Criminal Practice was approved, to the effect that an accessory can be liable provided that there is the actus reus of the principal offence even if the principal offender is entitled to be acquitted because of some defence personal to him. Procuring does not require a joint intention between accessory and principal. The procurer may, therefore, be convicted where the principal lacks the necessary mens rea. 2 In the instant case, the actus reus was taking of the vehicle in its defective condition on to the road so as to cause the death. It was procured by the appellant. 3 The ratio of Thornton v Mitchell [1940] 1 All ER 339 was that the driver did not commit the actus reus of careless driving, the offence in that case. He relied on the conductor’s signals. 4 Cogan and Leak [1976] QB 217 was, contrary to the submissions of the defence, essentially a case of procuring rather than aiding and abetting, and could not be distinguished from the present case. Principal offender has a defence not available to the accomplice

Sourcebook Criminal Law ◽

10.4324/9781843143093-111 ◽

1996 ◽

pp. 425-427

Keyword(s):

The State ◽

Mens Rea ◽

Main Road ◽

The Road ◽

Joint Intention ◽

Actus Reus ◽

Mental Element ◽

Reckless Driving ◽

Instant Case

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Seeking to uncover biology's chemical roots

Emerging Topics in Life Sciences ◽

10.1042/etls20190012 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (5) ◽

pp. 435-443 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Addy Pross

Keyword(s):

Environmental Changes ◽

Biological Systems ◽

Significant Development ◽

The Road ◽

Physical Chemical ◽

Systems Chemistry ◽

Biological World ◽

Inanimate Matter ◽

The Origin Of Life ◽

Opening Up

Despite the considerable advances in molecular biology over the past several decades, the nature of the physical–chemical process by which inanimate matter become transformed into simplest life remains elusive. In this review, we describe recent advances in a relatively new area of chemistry, systems chemistry, which attempts to uncover the physical–chemical principles underlying that remarkable transformation. A significant development has been the discovery that within the space of chemical potentiality there exists a largely unexplored kinetic domain which could be termed dynamic kinetic chemistry. Our analysis suggests that all biological systems and associated sub-systems belong to this distinct domain, thereby facilitating the placement of biological systems within a coherent physical/chemical framework. That discovery offers new insights into the origin of life process, as well as opening the door toward the preparation of active materials able to self-heal, adapt to environmental changes, even communicate, mimicking what transpires routinely in the biological world. The road to simplest proto-life appears to be opening up.

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