MOTION BASED AUTOMATIC STREETLIGHT SYSTEM WITH VEHICLE SPEED SURVEILLANCE

Extravagance of electrical energy and human efforts is a common context while using manual switching of streetlights. In most of the cases, the streetlights remain ON during evening, night, even daylight the lights manually are switched OFF. This leads to a lot of energy wastage because lights keep glowing even when there is absolutely no necessity of it. This study aims to develop a smart street light system which glows when the vehicle or pedestrian enters the certain point of the road and make the light be in OFF/Dim position when it is not required. An illustration consisting of a transmitter and a receiver are made to accomplish the goal. The proposed system can turn ON the lights while nightfall and OFF the lights detecting the appearance of daylights. Meanwhile, presence as per the requirement. Hence, the street light will ON only when there are road users are present over there. The system is incorporated with a speed measuring section to reduce rash driving while the road has relatively low traffic density. Compared to the conventional street light system, this streetlight can reduce redundant energy consumption as well as reckless driving tendency.

Risk-Taking Behavior Under the Effect of Emotional Stimuli Among Children and Adults

Risk-taking has an important role in human’s life, either positive or negative. Thus, finding a method to control or drive this in a particular way could affect individuals and communities’ health by discouraging negative risks such as reckless driving or encouraging positive risks. Emotion induction is one of the methods that can enhance or reinforce risk-taking according to the perceived emotion. Among the studies which had taken, most of them focus on adolescents’ which is known as the peaked age of risk-taking behavior, while from a developmental learning point of view if there is a way to control or educate people’s behavior childhood could be the best time. Thus, this study along with the introduction of a new risk-taking task, aims to investigate two less studied groups (children and adults) risk-taking behavior, and also their behavioral response after they influence by positive or negative emotional pictures, to test whether these affect their risk-taking or not. 21 children and 20 adults participate in this experiment. Their risk-taking behavior is obtained using a new version of game of dice task combined with emotional stimuli. Results show that children have higher tendency to choose riskier options while they affected by positive emotion while adults are more risk-averse after primed by negative emotion. These findings could be helpful for policy makers and tutoring planners to control risk-taking behavior over different ages using priming effect of positive and negative emotions.

An evaluation of dual systems theories of adolescent delinquency in a normative longitudinal cohort study of youth

Purpose: Dual systems theories of adolescent risk-taking propose that the socioemotional and self-regulation systems develop at different rates, resulting in a peak in sensation-seeking in adolescence at a time when self-regulation abilities are not yet fully mature. This ‘developmental imbalance’ between bottom-up drives for reward and top-down control is proposed to create a period of vulnerability for high-risk behaviours such as delinquency, substance use, unprotected sex, and reckless driving. However, as recently noted by Meisel et al. (2019), almost no studies have tested this hypothesis directly owing to a lack of studies that have exploited longitudinal data to construct developmental measures of imbalance. Methods: In this study, we use data from the longitudinal z-proso study (n=1522) to test whether the presence of a developmental imbalance between sensation-seeking and self-regulation is associated with levels of engagement in delinquency across early adolescence to adulthood. Results: Using a latent class growth analysis of sensation-seeking, self-regulation and delinquency, we found that a model with 3-classes was optimal in the whole sample and male sub-sample, including one class characterised by a developmental imbalance and corresponding adolescent peak in delinquency. In females, we found no evidence for a class that could be described according to the trajectories hypothesised in dual systems theory.Conclusions: Results support the claim that a developmental imbalance may drive an adolescent increase in delinquency, but only for a small subgroup of individuals, particularly males.

Speech-To-Text (STT) based mobile apps can aid Citizen Reporting Program (CRP) to reduce reckless driving in resource-constrained situations

Most of the data gathering devices used for monitoring driver’s behavior require large storage, strong cellular signals, and unlimited internet. Touching mobile devices, during driving, is prohibited by many law enforcement agencies. There are situations, especially in developing countries, where people get stuck on roads with a low battery, low device-memory, and no mobile network. <a>The drivers in such situations are not able to report against reckless drivers effectively. </a>This paper proposes the framework of the “citizen reporting program” (CRP) aided with mobile apps to reduce reckless driving in such <i>resource-constrained situations</i> (RCS). A mobile app was designed, developed, and tested as a tool for this purpose. It could convert speech to text without a cellular network, capture the nearest geolocation, and send data to a server on the network or internet availability. We tested its reliability for converting speech to text and got a “word error rate” (WER) of less than 5%. We tested its functional usability and got a score of more than 71% on the <i>system usability scale (SUS).</i> The survey showed a favorable response of 70 plus % in reducing reckless driving via CRP in RCS if aided with mobile apps.

Speech-To-Text (STT) based mobile apps can aid Citizen Reporting Program (CRP) to reduce reckless driving in resource-constrained situations

Most of the data gathering devices used for monitoring driver’s behavior require large storage, strong cellular signals, and unlimited internet. Touching mobile devices, during driving, is prohibited by many law enforcement agencies. There are situations, especially in developing countries, where people get stuck on roads with a low battery, low device-memory, and no mobile network. <a>The drivers in such situations are not able to report against reckless drivers effectively. </a>This paper proposes the framework of the “citizen reporting program” (CRP) aided with mobile apps to reduce reckless driving in such <i>resource-constrained situations</i> (RCS). A mobile app was designed, developed, and tested as a tool for this purpose. It could convert speech to text without a cellular network, capture the nearest geolocation, and send data to a server on the network or internet availability. We tested its reliability for converting speech to text and got a “word error rate” (WER) of less than 5%. We tested its functional usability and got a score of more than 71% on the <i>system usability scale (SUS).</i> The survey showed a favorable response of 70 plus % in reducing reckless driving via CRP in RCS if aided with mobile apps.

How to reduce reckless driving in resource-constrained situations?

Most of the data gathering devices used for monitoring driver’s behavior require large storage, strong cellular signals, and unlimited internet. Touching mobile devices, during driving, is prohibited by many law enforcement agencies. There are situations, especially in developing countries, where people get stuck on roads with a low battery, low device-memory, and no mobile network. <a>The drivers in such situations are not able to report against reckless drivers effectively. </a>This paper proposes the framework of the “citizen reporting program” (CRP) aided with mobile apps to reduce reckless driving in such <i>resource-constrained situations</i> (RCS). A mobile app was designed, developed, and tested as a tool for this purpose. It could convert speech to text without a cellular network, capture the nearest geolocation, and send data to a server on the network or internet availability. We tested its reliability for converting speech to text and got a “word error rate” (WER) of less than 5%. We tested its functional usability and got a score of more than 71% on the <i>system usability scale (SUS).</i> The survey showed a favorable response of 70 plus % in reducing reckless driving via CRP in RCS if aided with mobile apps.

How to reduce reckless driving in resource-constrained situations?

Most of the data gathering devices used for monitoring driver’s behavior require large storage, strong cellular signals, and unlimited internet. Touching mobile devices, during driving, is prohibited by many law enforcement agencies. There are situations, especially in developing countries, where people get stuck on roads with a low battery, low device-memory, and no mobile network. <a>The drivers in such situations are not able to report against reckless drivers effectively. </a>This paper proposes the framework of the “citizen reporting program” (CRP) aided with mobile apps to reduce reckless driving in such <i>resource-constrained situations</i> (RCS). A mobile app was designed, developed, and tested as a tool for this purpose. It could convert speech to text without a cellular network, capture the nearest geolocation, and send data to a server on the network or internet availability. We tested its reliability for converting speech to text and got a “word error rate” (WER) of less than 5%. We tested its functional usability and got a score of more than 71% on the <i>system usability scale (SUS).</i> The survey showed a favorable response of 70 plus % in reducing reckless driving via CRP in RCS if aided with mobile apps.

Injury from electric scooters in Copenhagen: a retrospective cohort study

ObjectiveTo analyse injuries related to manual and electric scooter use from January 2016 up to and including July 2019.SettingElectric scooter rental services were launched in Denmark in January 2019. The services were provided by private companies. Although rules for handling and riding scooters have been established, no reports either before or after introduction of electric scooters anticipated the full extent of use, and injuries to riders and pedestrians.ParticipantsAll patient records mentioning manual or electric scooters. Records were reviewed, and data were stratified according to two groups: manual and electric scooters.InterventionsA predefined survey was completed in all cases where ‘scooter’ was present. This contained variables such as type of scooter, type of participant, mechanism of injury, acuity, intoxication, referral to treatment facility.Outcome measuresAmong incidents involving scooters, summary statistics on continuous and categorical variables of interest were reported.Results468 scooter-related injuries were recorded. We found that manual scooter riders were more likely to be children under the age of 15; fall alone—involving no other party; sustain contusions, sprains and lacerations; and bruise either their fingers or toes. Riders of electric scooters were likely to be 18–25 years, sustain facial bruising and lacerations requiring sutures, and be under the influence of alcohol or drugs. Non-riders of electric scooters were mostly elderly people who tripped over scooters, consequently sustaining moderate to severe injuries.ConclusionThere were two different types of population sustaining injuries from manual and electric scooters, respectively. The proportion of non-riders injured by electric scooters were surprisingly large (17%), and while electric scooters are here to stay, several apparently preventable injuries occur as a result of reckless driving and discarded electric scooters. Current rules for usage might not prevent unnecessary accidents and secure traffic safety and the lives of older individuals.