Co-occurring marijuana use is associated with medication nonadherence and nonplanning impulsivity in young adult heavy drinkers

Background. This study assessed the relationship of early adolescent marijuana use to performance of developmental tasks integral to the transition to young adulthood. The tasks concerned intimacy, education, and work and social conformity.Methods. African American (N = 617) and Puerto Rican (N = 531) youths completed questionnaires in their classrooms. Five years later they were individually interviewed. Logistic regression analysis estimated the increased likelihood that early marijuana users would make an inadequate transition to young adult social roles.Results. Analyses examining the association between early marijuana use and 20 outcome variables found significant relationships for 10 of them: (a) having lower educational and occupational expectations; (b) being suspended or expelled from school, fired from jobs, ‘high’ at school or work, collecting welfare; and (c) rebelliousness, not participating in productive activities, not attending church, and being an unmarried parent. Marijuana use was not related to any of the intimate relationship measures. These finding emerged with controls on gender, ethnicity, age and mother's education. Conclusions. Among African Americans and Puerto Ricans, early marijuana use predicts less adequate performance on some developmental tasks integral to becoming an independent young adult. Marijuana is not a benign drug and is associated with future risks for the individual and society at large.

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Motives for Alcohol and Marijuana Use as Predictors of Use and Problem Use Among Young Adult College Students

Journal of Drug Issues ◽

10.1177/0022042620917101 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 50 (4) ◽

pp. 359-377

Author(s):

Akilah Patterson ◽

Milkie Vu ◽

Regine Haardörfer ◽

Michael Windle ◽

Carla J. Berg

Keyword(s):

College Students ◽

Substance Use ◽

Young Adult ◽

Alcohol Use ◽

Problem Drinking ◽

Marijuana Use ◽

Problem Alcohol Use ◽

And Coping ◽

Alcohol Users ◽

Problem Alcohol

This study examined (a) differences between alcohol-only users and alcohol–marijuana co-users and (b) motives for use in relation to alcohol and marijuana use and problem use. Spring 2016 data among 1,870 past 4-month alcohol users (63.6% female, 69.1% White) from seven Georgia colleges/universities were analyzed cross-sectionally and with regard to problem use measured 4 months later. Correlates of co-use ( n = 345; vs. alcohol-only use, n = 1,525) included greater alcohol and marijuana use frequency, problem drinking and marijuana use, and alcohol use motives ( p’s < .05). Controlling for covariates, alcohol use frequency correlated with greater marijuana use frequency and Coping and Self-enhancement alcohol use motives, but lower Conformity alcohol use motives ( p’s < .001); greater Coping and Self-enhancement alcohol use motives ( p’s < .01) predicted problem alcohol use. Marijuana use frequency correlated with greater Coping and Expansion marijuana use motives ( p’s < .05); greater Expansion marijuana use motives ( p = .005) predicted problem marijuana use. College-based substance use interventions should target Coping and Self-enhancement alcohol use motives and Expansion marijuana use motives.

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Relationship between Adolescent Marijuana Use and Young Adult Illicit Drug Use

Behavior Genetics ◽

10.1007/s10519-006-9064-9 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 36 (4) ◽

pp. 498-506 ◽

Cited By ~ 79

Author(s):

Jeffrey M. Lessem ◽

Christian J. Hopfer ◽

Brett C. Haberstick ◽

David Timberlake ◽

Marissa A. Ehringer ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Young Adult ◽

Drug Use ◽

Illicit Drug ◽

Marijuana Use ◽

Illicit Drug Use ◽

Adolescent Marijuana Use

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Marijuana use motives: A confirmatory test and evaluation among young adult marijuana users

Addictive Behaviors ◽

10.1016/j.addbeh.2007.06.010 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 32 (12) ◽

pp. 3122-3130 ◽

Cited By ~ 83

Author(s):

Michael J. Zvolensky ◽

Anka A. Vujanovic ◽

Amit Bernstein ◽

Marcel O. Bonn-Miller ◽

Erin C. Marshall ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Young Adult ◽

Marijuana Use ◽

Confirmatory Test ◽

Test And Evaluation

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Contextual Effects of Neighborhoods and Schools on Adolescent and Young Adult Marijuana Use in the United States

Substance Abuse Research and Treatment ◽

10.1177/1178221817711417 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 11 ◽

pp. 117822181771141 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Carly E Milliren ◽

Tracy K Richmond ◽

Clare R Evans ◽

Erin C Dunn ◽

Renee M Johnson

Keyword(s):

Young Adult ◽

Young Adulthood ◽

Parental Education ◽

Public Assistance ◽

Logistic Models ◽

Marijuana Use ◽

The United States ◽

Adolescent And Young Adult ◽

Unique Contribution ◽

Relative Contribution

Little is known about the unique contribution of schools vs neighborhoods in driving adolescent marijuana use. This study examined the relative contribution of each setting and the influence of school and neighborhood socioeconomic status on use. We performed a series of cross-classified multilevel logistic models predicting past 30-day adolescent (N = 18 329) and young adult (N = 13 908) marijuana use using data from Add Health. Marijuana use differed by age, sex, race/ethnicity, and public assistance in adjusted models. Variance parameters indicated a high degree of clustering by school (σ2 = 0.30) and less pronounced clustering by neighborhood (σ2 = 0.06) in adolescence when accounting for both levels simultaneously in a cross-classified multilevel model. Clustering by school persisted into young adulthood (σ2 = 0.08). Parental receipt of public assistance increased the likelihood of use during adolescence (odds ratio = 1.39; 95% confidence interval: 1.19-1.59), and higher parental education was associated with increased likelihood of use in young adulthood. These findings indicate that both contexts may be promising locations for intervention.

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Young Adult E-cigarette Use and Retail Exposure in 6 US Metropolitan Areas

Tobacco Regulatory Science ◽

10.18001/trs.7.1.5 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 59-75

Author(s):

Carla J Berg ◽

Xuejing Duan ◽

Betelihem Getachew ◽

Kim Pulvers ◽

Natalie D. Crawford ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Young Adults ◽

Young Adult ◽

Metropolitan Areas ◽

Media Exposure ◽

Marijuana Use ◽

Baseline Survey ◽

Common Source ◽

Cigarette Use ◽

Age Verification ◽

Vape Shops

Objectives: Given the need to understand e-cigarette retail and its impact, we examined so- ciodemographic, tobacco and marijuana use, and e-cigarette retail experiences as correlates of (1) past 30-day e-cigarette use, (2) past 30-day advertising/media exposure, and (3) point-of-sale age verification among young adults. Methods: We analyzed baseline survey data (September- December, 2018) among 3006 young adults (ages 18-34) in 6 metropolitan areas (Atlanta, Boston, Minneapolis, Oklahoma City, San Diego, Seattle) in a 2-year longitudinal study. Results: In this sample (Mage = 24.6, 42.3% male, 71.6% white, 11.4% Hispanic), 37.7% (N = 1133) were past 30-day e-cigarette users; 68.6% (N = 2062; non-users: 66.0%, users: 72.9%) reported past 30-day e-cigarette-related advertising/media exposure. Among e-cigarette users, vape shops were the most common source of e-cigarettes (44.7%) followed by online (18.2%). Among users, 34.2% were "almost always" asked for age verification. In multilevel logistic regression, e-cigarette use and advertising/media exposure were correlated (and both correlated with being younger). E- cigarette use also correlated with other tobacco product and marijuana use (and being male and white). Infrequent age verification correlated with commonly purchasing e-cigarettes online (and being older and black). Conclusions: Increased efforts are needed to reduce young adult advertising/media exposure and increase retailer compliance among retailers, particularly online and vape shops.

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