Influence of point-of-sale tobacco displays and plain black and white cigarette packaging and advertisements on adults: Evidence from a virtual store experimental study

This article explores the polyphony as a narrative strategy in Caryl Phillips’s Crossing the River 1993 and how this polyphony serves the healing process the author engages in through his revision of history that thematizes black slavery as a key episode in black modern history. Phillips, the Kittitian-British author, interweaves a variety of narrative voices of both black and white characters in an attempt to provide a thorough scrutiny and a deep diagnosis of a traumatic past that contains the underlining fundaments of present racial issues and identity dilemmas that black communities suffer from in both the United States and Britain. This study is primarily focused on deconstructing and reconstructing Phillips’s portrayal of what he calls “the shameful intercourse” between the slave trader and the African father. The aim of this analysis is to uncover the author’s polyphonic strategy that equally voices both the “white” and the “black”, “the oppressor” and “the oppressed”. This rather experimental study allows us to understand how polyphony is used to serve reconciliation and healing.

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Pregnancy Criminalization, Reproductive Asymmetry, and Race: An Experimental Study

Feminist Criminology ◽

10.1177/1557085117698752 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 13 (5) ◽

pp. 560-582 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Cynthia Daniels ◽

Christin L. Munsch

Keyword(s):

Experimental Study ◽

Pregnancy Outcomes ◽

Scientific Evidence ◽

Control Group ◽

Fetal Health ◽

Black And White ◽

Black Defendants ◽

The Impact ◽

White Defendants ◽

Homicide Case

Despite scientific evidence to the contrary, pregnancy criminalization cases are based on assumptions of reproductive asymmetry—the belief that women are exclusively responsible for fetal health. In this article, we test the impact of disrupting this assumption. In Study 1, when asked to read a case involving charges of chemical endangerment, participants exposed to testimony about the effects of paternal drug use on pregnancy outcomes viewed both Black and White defendants as less culpable than participants in the control group. In Study 2, a homicide case, information about male-mediated harm reduced perceptions of culpability for White, but not Black, defendants.

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Attributing Social Meaning to Animated Shapes: A New Experimental Study of Apparent Behavior

10.31234/osf.io/2d9xj ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Adrianna Ratajska ◽

Matt Brown ◽

Christopher Chabris

Keyword(s):

Experimental Study ◽

Social Cognition ◽

Social Intelligence ◽

Multiple Choice ◽

Original Video ◽

Social Meaning ◽

Black And White ◽

Different Types ◽

Social Attributions ◽

Made In

In 1944 Heider and Simmel reported that observers could perceive simple animated geometric shapes as characters with emotions, intentions, and other social attributes. This work has been cited over 3000 times and has had wide and ongoing influence on the study of social cognition and social intelligence. However, many researchers in this area have continued to use the original Heider and Simmel black-and-white video. We asked whether the original findings could be reproduced 75 years later by creating 32 new colored animated shape videos designed to depict various social plots and testing whether they can evoke similar spontaneous social attributions. Participants (N = 66) viewed our videos and were asked to write narratives which we coded for indicia of different types of social attributions. Consistent with Heider and Simmel, we found that participants spontaneously attributed social meaning to the videos. We observed that responses to our videos were also similar to responses to the original video reported by Klin (2000). Participants varied in how many social attributions they made in response to our videos, and our 32 videos varied in how much they elicited such responses. Our set of animated shape videos is freely available online for all researchers to use and forms the basis of a multiple-choice assessment of social intelligence (Brown et al., 2019).

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Development of methods for generation of digital watermarks resistant to distortion

Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies ◽

10.15587/1729-4061.2021.246641 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 6 (2 (114)) ◽

pp. 103-116

Author(s):

Vitalii Martovytskyi ◽

Igor Ruban ◽

Nataliia Bolohova ◽

Оleksandr Sievierinov ◽

Oleg Zhurylo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Experimental Study ◽

Chaos Theory ◽

Digital Watermark ◽

Geometric Attacks ◽

Black And White ◽

Digital Watermarks ◽

Active Attacks ◽

Pixel Permutation ◽

Embedding Methods ◽

Local Image

Active attacks and natural impacts can lead to two types of image-container distortions: noise-like and geometric. There are also image processing operations, e.g. scaling, rotation, truncation, pixel permutation which are much more detrimental to digital watermarks (DWM). While ensuring resistance to removal and geometric attacks is a more or less resolved problem, the provision of resistance to local image changes and partial image deletion is still poorly understood. The methods discussed in this paper are aimed at ensuring resistance to attacks resulting in partial image loss or local changes in the image. This study's objective is to develop methods for generating a distortion-resistant digital watermark using the chaos theory. This will improve the resistance of methods of embedding the digital watermark to a particular class of attacks which in turn will allow developers of DWM embedding methods to focus on ensuring the method resistance to other types of attacks. An experimental study of proposed methods was conducted. Histograms of DWMs have shown that the proposed methods provide for the generation of DWM of a random obscure form. However, the method based on a combination of Arnold’s cat maps and Henon maps has noticeable peaks unlike the method based on shuffling the pixels and their bits only with Arnold’s cat maps. This suggests that the method based only on Arnold’s cat maps is more chaotic. This is also evidenced by the value of the coefficient of correlation between adjacent pixels close to zero (0.0109) for color DWMs and 0.030 for black and white images.

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