Pregnancy Criminalization, Reproductive Asymmetry, and Race: An Experimental Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 560-582 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cynthia Daniels ◽  
Christin L. Munsch
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Pregnancy Outcomes ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Fetal Health ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Black Defendants ◽  
The Impact ◽  
White Defendants ◽  
Homicide Case

Despite scientific evidence to the contrary, pregnancy criminalization cases are based on assumptions of reproductive asymmetry—the belief that women are exclusively responsible for fetal health. In this article, we test the impact of disrupting this assumption. In Study 1, when asked to read a case involving charges of chemical endangerment, participants exposed to testimony about the effects of paternal drug use on pregnancy outcomes viewed both Black and White defendants as less culpable than participants in the control group. In Study 2, a homicide case, information about male-mediated harm reduced perceptions of culpability for White, but not Black, defendants.

scholarly journals Effects of an Educational Intervention on Angolan Adolescents’ Knowledge of Human Reproduction: A Quasi-Experimental Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (24) ◽  
pp. 5155
Author(s):  
Natércia Almeida ◽  
Andreia Teixeira ◽  
José Garcia ◽  
Natália Martins ◽  
Carla Ramalho
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Sex Education ◽  
Civic Education ◽  
Educational Intervention ◽  
Human Reproduction ◽  
Human Biology ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Human Fertilization ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
The Impact

Background and objectives: Sex education is a necessity and a right of young people in Angola. However, this education is deficient or even absent in various subsystems and, therefore, the impact of an educational intervention on human biology and sexuality was addressed. Materials and methods: This quasi-experimental study employed a non-equivalent control group, pre-test post-test design. It was conducted with students from three secondary schools (6th to 12th grade, two public and one private) in Huambo (Angola), between June and December 2017. First, a questionnaire was distributed to assess the students’ knowledge on aspects related to sexual maturation, psychological development, gynecological organs’ anatomy, human fertilization, contraception, and risks of unprotected sexuality. Then, an educational program was developed by the principal investigator along with the school’s moral and civic education and biology teachers selected for a group of students (experimental group, EG); the others constituted the control group (CG). Classes were held on non-working days, on Saturday mornings (8:00 to 10:00 a.m.), so as not to interfere with the school calendar. The initial questionnaire was redistributed two months later to assess the impact of the intervention. Results: Of the 589 individuals included (mean age of 16.8 ± 2.5 years), 56.7% were males. EG (n = 241) consisted of students from the public school and CG (n = 348) by students from public and private schools. The last part of the questionnaire consisted of 30 questions to assess students’ knowledge, and in 23 of these questions, both groups showed no differences at baseline. After the intervention, the EG showed significant improvements (p < 0.05), while the CG revealed only slight improvements. Conclusions: Students from Huambo province have a significant lack of knowledge on human biology and sexuality. Rigorous development and evaluation of interventions addressing multiple individual and environmental level factors is needed, notably for effective education in human biology and sexuality.

scholarly journals The Impact of Teaching Oriental Music using Blended Learning Approach: An Experimental Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (Number 1) ◽  
pp. 81-103
Author(s):  
Chamila Nishanthi Edward ◽  
David Asirvatham ◽  
Gapar Johar
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Learning Environment ◽  
Blended Learning ◽  
Secondary Level ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Experimental Group

Purpose - The purpose of this experimental study is to investigate the impact of teaching Oriental Music using Blended Learning (BL) approach for the students of senior secondary level in Sri Lanka specifically focusing on their achievement on required competencies of Oriental Music at Ordinary Level. The study analyzes the academic performance of students with detailed comparison of BL environment and traditional learning environment. Authors propose the application of BL approach to teach Oriental Music and study its impact on improvement of students’ competency. The study conducted with the application of a mixed instructional design model of objectivist and constructivist approaches for the design of the blended learning course in a student centred learning environment. Methodology - The study was directed by using true experimental study design with pretest and posttest control groups. BL was applied to the experimental group and the traditional instruction method was applied to control group. 9 schools from Colombo district were randomly selected for the experimental and control groups covering all the three existing school types of Sri Lanka. The study group consisted of 360 students of Grade 10 and Grade 11 who has been studying Oriental Music as a subject for General Certificate of Education Ordinary Level. To analyze the data Descriptive statistics, Paired samples t test, Independent samples t test were utilized. Findings - The findings of the experiment indicated that students who has studied Oriental Music under BL strategy showed a significant improvement in their music academic performances after the intervention. The mean post-test of the experimental group was 71.75 which is significantly higher than the mean control group which was 52.07. The mean difference was 19.68 1.91. Hence, there is a statistically significant increase in the performance of students who studied Oriental Music under blended learning. Thus, it is clearly evident that the blended instruction was effective. Significance - This study indicated a positive platform to mould and cater the entire teaching learning process by introducing BL strategy to Sri Lankan secondary education system and fulfilled an existing research gap by utilizing BL to teach highly traditional abstract art. Results of the study contributes to the curriculum designing field with novel ideas to adapt blended instructions to teach secondary level students effectively.

scholarly journals Impact evaluation of biomedical waste segregation among junior residents of a South Indian medical college: a quasi experimental study

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 2513
Author(s):  
Ranganath T. Sobagaiah ◽  
Karuna Siddappa Patange ◽  
Vishwanatha .
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
T Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Junior Doctors ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Biomedical Waste ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Waste Segregation ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Impact

Background: Biomedical waste is any waste generated during the diagnosis, treatment or immunization of human beings or animals. The quantity of solid waste generated in Bangalore hospitals is from ½ to 4 kg per bed per day. But segregation is done in only 30%. Health care workers have an important responsibility to segregate the biomedical waste and dispose them. Hence this study was undertaken with the objective of assessing the impact of intervention on Biomedical waste segregation knowledge among junior doctors.  Methods: The study design employed is a quasi experimental study with control and intervention design. The junior doctors were selected randomly. After written informed consent the participants were divided as two group of intervention and control group with 74 in each group. Data of pre-test was collected using self-administered and validated questionnaire. After a week of pre-test, training using WHO modules 3 on training of biomedical waste segregation based on IHWM was done only for the intervention group. After a period of 3 months post test was conducted for both the intervention and the control group using a pre tested self-administered questionnaire with questions very similar to the pre-test.Results: The difference is found to be with t-test value of 1.434 and df of 37 with significant value 0.160 (>0.05) for the control group. The difference is found to be with t-test value of 3.241 and df of 35 with significant value 0.003 (<0.05) for the intervention group.Conclusions: The knowledge of biomedical waste management was found to increase after an intervention.

Growth rate and conformation characteristics of calves after administration of different doses of tissue biostimulator to cows

2021 ◽  
pp. 9-15
Author(s):  
I. A. Pushkaryev ◽  
T. V. Kureninova ◽  
T. L. Silivirova ◽  
N. V. Shanshin
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Physiological Status ◽  
Tissue Preparation ◽  
Black And White ◽  
White Breed ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Different Doses

It is known that one of the most important reasons for the birth of weak calves is the impact of adverse factors on the physiological status of the cow, which in turn affects the intrauterine and postnatal development of the fetus and newborn. The results of studying the introduction of different doses of tissue biostimulator to cows during the dry period and its effect on the development of the conformation of calves received from them have been presented in the article. The experiment was carried out in 2019 on cows of Priobsky type of Black-and-White breed and calves obtained from them. In order to conduct the experiment four groups of dry cows-analogs have been formed with 10 heads in each for 55–60 days before the expected calving at the age of III lactation and older. When selecting animals the live weight and milk productivity of cows for the previous lactation have been taken into account. The highest growth rate has been observed in calves from cows the 2nd experimental group, which exceeded the control by 24,4 % (P ≤ 0,001). The best indicators of conformation development have been also observed in calves obtained from cows of the 2nd experimental group, which were injected subcutaneously with 22,5 ml of tissue preparation. So, oblique body length have been greater by 12,6 % (P ≤ 0,001), chest girth by 17,3 % (P ≤ 0,001), width of hook bones by 21,0 % (P ≤ 0,01), the width of the pin bones by 15,0 % (P ≤ 0,05). The lengthiness index was by 11,5 % higher (P ≤ 0,001), the blockiness index was by 4,1 % higher (P ≤ 0,05), and the boniness index was by 10,6 % lower (P ≤ 0,05) than in the control group herdmates.

A Research Protocol on Leap Motion Tracking Device: A Novel Intervention Method for Distal Radial Fracture Rehabilitation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sakshi P. Arora ◽  
Waqar M. Naqvi
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Motion Control ◽  
Conventional Therapy ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Distal Radial Fracture ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Leap Motion ◽  
Radial Fracture ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Introduction: Physiotherapeutic rehabilitation is used to optimize functional recovery following a distal radial fracture. Being the most common upper limb fracture in all age groups, the DRF peaks in young men and in post-menopausal women with an incidence ratio of 1:4. To date, however, work on leap motion control based rehabilitation of patients with distal radius fracture is limited. This research aims to assess the efficacy of immersive virtual reality in patients with DRF. Methods: In an experimental study, subjects (n = 40) with DRF will be recruited. The participants will be enrolled into either an experimental or control group with 1:1 allocation ratio. Following the primary assessment and allocation, the participants in the experimental group will receive both leap motion control and conventional therapy over a period of 6-week. Participants in the conventional group would undergo only conventional therapy. Throughout the treatment duration and following 6 weeks, daily living activity performance, the hand function and mental status will be assessed in the form of questionnaires.Discussion: The goal of this experimental study is to examine the impact of leap motion control after DRF on improving the functional activity and in turn quality of life. Conclusion: To conclude, this research seeks to examine the rapid and long term effects of leap motion control in DRF patients. The study findings would help prospective patients with DRF, which may include a newly designed approach to rehabilitation.

scholarly journals The Impact of a New Pedagogical Intervention on Nursing Students’ Knowledge Acquisition in Simulation-Based Learning: A Quasi-Experimental Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thor Arne Haukedal ◽  
Inger Åse Reierson ◽  
Hanne Hedeman ◽  
Ida Torunn Bjørk
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Nursing Students ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Theoretical Knowledge ◽  
Knowledge Test ◽  
Patient Deterioration ◽  
Simulation Based ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
The Impact

Simulation-based learning is an effective technique for teaching nursing students’ skills and knowledge related to patient deterioration. This study examined students’ acquisition of theoretical knowledge about symptoms, pathophysiology, and nursing actions after implementing an educational intervention during simulation-based learning. A quasi-experimental study compared theoretical knowledge among two groups of students before and after implementation of the intervention. The intervention introduced the following new components to the existing technique: a knowledge test prior to the simulation, video-recording of the performance, and introduction of a structured observation form used by students and facilitator during observation and debriefing. The intervention group had significantly higher scores on a knowledge test conducted after the simulations in comparison to the scores in the control group. In both groups scores were highest on knowledge of symptoms and lowest on knowledge of pathophysiology; the intervention group had significantly higher scores than the control group on both topics. Students’ theoretical knowledge of patient deterioration may be enhanced by improving the students’ prerequisites for learning and by strengthening debriefing after simulation.

scholarly journals Pregnancy outcomes in women with severe hypothyroidism

2013 ◽  
Vol 169 (3) ◽  
pp. 313-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dania Hirsch ◽  
Sigal Levy ◽  
Varda Nadler ◽  
Vered Kopel ◽  
Bracha Shainberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Pregnancy Outcomes ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Maximum Serum ◽  
Health Maintenance ◽  
Median Serum ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Serum Tsh ◽  
Tsh Levels

ObjectiveHypothyroidism during pregnancy has been associated with adverse obstetrical outcomes. Most studies have focused on subjects with a mild or subclinical disorder. The aims of the present study were to determine the relative rate of severe thyroid dysfunction among pregnant women with hypothyroidism, identify related factors and analyse the impact on pregnancy outcomes.DesignA retrospective case series design was employed.MethodsThe study group included 101 pregnant women (103 pregnancies) with an antenatal serum TSH level >20.0 mIU/l identified from the 2009–2010 computerised database of a health maintenance organisation. Data were collected from the medical records. Pregnancy outcomes were compared with those of a control group of 205 euthyroid pregnant women during the same period.ResultsThe study group accounted for 1.04% of all insured pregnant women with recorded hypothyroidism during the study period. Most cases had an autoimmune aetiology. All women were treated with levothyroxine (l-T4) during pregnancy. Maximum serum TSH level measured was 20.11–150 mIU/l (median 32.95 mIU/l) and median serum TSH level 0.36–75.17 mIU/l (median 7.44 mIU/l). The mean duration of hypothyroidism during pregnancy was 21.2±13.2 weeks (median 18.5 weeks); in 36 cases (34.9%), all TSH levels during pregnancy were elevated. Adverse pregnancy outcomes included abortions in 7.8% of the cases, premature deliveries in 2.9% and other complications in 14.6%, with no statistically significant differences from the control group. Median serum TSH level during pregnancy was positively correlated with the rate of abortions+premature deliveries and rate of all pregnancy-related complications (P<0.05).ConclusionsAbortions and premature deliveries occur infrequently in women with severe hypothyroidism. Intense follow-up and l-T4 treatment may improve pregnancy outcomes even when target TSH levels are not reached.

scholarly journals Penggunaan Larutan Pepaya (Carica papaya) sebagai Larvasida Nyamuk Aedes aegypty

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 59
Author(s):  
Restu Prastiwi ◽  
Anita Dewi Moelyaningrum ◽  
Prehatin T. N
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Carica Papaya ◽  
Larval Growth ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Impact

<p><em>Aedes aegypti mosquito is a type of mosquito that can carry dengue virus that causes dengue fever. This mosquito has the potential to transmit dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF). DHF is a disease characterized by sudden fever, bleeding both on the skin and in other parts of the body and can cause shock and death. So in order to reduce the impact of the disease, there are several ways that must be taken. One way of controlling that is done to reduce the population of aedes aegypti mosquitoes is by reducing larval growth by using a solution of papaya leaves as larvacide. Papaya leaves contain tannins of 0.12%. So it is possible to kill larvae. The purpose of this study was to analyze the differences in the average mortality of untreated instar 1 aedes aegypti larvae and treated with a solution of distilled papaya leaves, amounting to 0ml / 100ml (X0), 1ml / 100ml (X1), 2ml / 100ml (2) , 4ml / 100m (X3) with observations every 6 hours for 24 hours. This study is a true experimental study with the presentation of the data analyzed using the kruskal wallis test on spss. The results showed that there were differences between the control group and the treatment group (p &lt;0.05). The most significant difference occurred in the 4ml / 100ml (X3) group which had the highest mortality than the other groups. So the higher the concentration and the longer the duration of exposure, the higher the mortality rate in the larvae. </em></p>

scholarly journals Increasing Intention to Reduce Fossil Fuel Consumption: A Protection Motivation Theory Based Experimental Study

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily Jane Kothe ◽  
Mathew Ling ◽  
Barbara Mullan ◽  
Anna Klas
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Experimental Study ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Protection Motivation Theory ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Protection Motivation ◽  
Motivation Theory ◽  
Fuel Use ◽  
The Impact

Reducing individual fossil fuel use is an important component of climate change mitigation, but motivating behaviour change to achieve this is difficult. This experimental study tests the impact of Protection Motivation Theory based messages on intention to reduce fossil fuel use in 3803 US adults recruited via Amazon MTurk (mean age = 36.11 years; 51.4% female). Only messages targeting self-efficacy and response efficacy increased intention to reduce fossil fuel use relative to the control group. However, only the self-efficacy message had an impact on its corresponding construct, highlighting the importance of manipulation checks in model testing. Given the urgency of responding to climate change, the potential for additive benefits of effective messages should be considered irrespective of their underlying psychological mechanism. Study preregistration: https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/2G6BQ. Data related to this manuscript: https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/2TRBK.

The Influence of Defendant Race/Ethnicity and Police Body-Worn Cameras on Traffic Case Processing

2021 ◽  
pp. 215336872110046
Author(s):  
Jessica Huff ◽  
Michael D. White ◽  
Kathleen E. Padilla
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Disparities ◽  
Case Processing ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Traffic Violations ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
Municipal Court ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Racial Ethnic ◽  
White Defendants

The current study evaluates the impact of defendant race/ethnicity and police body-worn cameras (BWCs) on dismissals and guilty pleas in traffic violations. Despite the frequency of traffic violations and the potential for racial/ethnic bias in these incidents, researchers have yet to examine the outcomes of these violations in court. Research is also needed to assess the potential for BWCs to provide evidence and reduce charging disparities and differential pleas for minority defendants. Traffic violations processed in the Tempe, Arizona Municipal Court before and after BWC deployment were examined using logistic regression. Black and Hispanic defendants were less likely to have their violations dismissed than White defendants, regardless of the presence of a BWC. Hispanic defendants were significantly more likely to plead guilty to traffic violations than White defendants, and BWCs did not eliminate this disparity. BWCs did significantly reduce the likelihood of a guilty plea for Black and White defendants, but the finding was not robust to the inclusion of an interaction term between race and BWCs. BWCs did not significantly moderate the impact of defendant race/ethnicity on either dismissals or guilty pleas. Overall, the results suggest that BWCs have little impact on reducing racial/ethnic disparities in traffic violation processing.

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