Mechanisms of β-lactam antimicrobial resistance and epidemiology of major community- and healthcare-associated multidrug-resistant bacteria

2014 ◽  
Vol 78 ◽  
pp. 3-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah S. Tang ◽  
Anucha Apisarnthanarak ◽  
Li Yang Hsu
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Multidrug Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Healthcare Associated

scholarly journals Ultrasensitive Label-Free Detection of Unamplified Multidrug-Resistance Bacteria Genes with a Bimodal Waveguide Interferometric Biosensor

Diagnostics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 845
Author(s):  
Jesús Maldonado ◽  
Ana Belén González-Guerrero ◽  
Adrián Fernández-Gavela ◽  
Juan José González-López ◽  
Laura M. Lechuga
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Label Free ◽  
Multidrug Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Label Free Detection ◽  
Encoding Gene

Infections by multidrug-resistant bacteria are becoming a major healthcare emergence with millions of reported cases every year and an increasing incidence of deaths. An advanced diagnostic platform able to directly detect and identify antimicrobial resistance in a faster way than conventional techniques could help in the adoption of early and accurate therapeutic interventions, limiting the actual negative impact on patient outcomes. With this objective, we have developed a new biosensor methodology using an ultrasensitive nanophotonic bimodal waveguide interferometer (BiMW), which allows a rapid and direct detection, without amplification, of two prevalent and clinically relevant Gram-negative antimicrobial resistance encoding sequences: the extended-spectrum betalactamase-encoding gene blaCTX-M-15 and the carbapenemase-encoding gene blaNDM-5 We demonstrate the extreme sensitivity and specificity of our biosensor methodology for the detection of both gene sequences. Our results show that the BiMW biosensor can be employed as an ultrasensitive (attomolar level) and specific diagnostic tool for rapidly (less than 30 min) identifying drug resistance. The BiMW nanobiosensor holds great promise as a powerful tool for the control and management of healthcare-associated infections by multidrug-resistant bacteria.

scholarly journals Bacteriocins, Antimicrobial Peptides from Bacterial Origin: Overview of Their Biology and Their Impact against Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 639 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexis Simons ◽  
Kamel Alhanout ◽  
Raphaël E. Duval
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Multidrug Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Further Development

Currently, the emergence and ongoing dissemination of antimicrobial resistance among bacteria are critical health and economic issue, leading to increased rates of morbidity and mortality related to bacterial infections. Research and development for new antimicrobial agents is currently needed to overcome this problem. Among the different approaches studied, bacteriocins seem to be a promising possibility. These molecules are peptides naturally synthesized by ribosomes, produced by both Gram-positive bacteria (GPB) and Gram-negative bacteria (GNB), which will allow these bacteriocin producers to survive in highly competitive polymicrobial environment. Bacteriocins exhibit antimicrobial activity with variable spectrum depending on the peptide, which may target several bacteria. Already used in some areas such as agro-food, bacteriocins may be considered as interesting candidates for further development as antimicrobial agents used in health contexts, particularly considering the issue of antimicrobial resistance. The aim of this review is to present an updated global report on the biology of bacteriocins produced by GPB and GNB, as well as their antibacterial activity against relevant bacterial pathogens, and especially against multidrug-resistant bacteria.

scholarly journals Healthcare-Associated Pneumonia and Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria: Do We Have a Convincing Answer?

2014 ◽  
Vol 58 (8) ◽  
pp. 1196-1197 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Corrao ◽  
M. Venditti ◽  
C. Argano ◽  
A. Russo ◽  
M. Falcone
Keyword(s):  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Multidrug Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Healthcare Associated

scholarly journals Systematic detection of horizontal gene transfer across genera among multidrug-resistant bacteria in a single hospital

eLife ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel R Evans ◽  
Marissa P Griffith ◽  
Alexander J Sundermann ◽  
Kathleen A Shutt ◽  
Melissa I Saul ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Transfer ◽  
Horizontal Gene Transfer ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Plasmid Transfer ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Multidrug Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Healthcare Settings ◽  
Long Read ◽  
Bacterial Transmission ◽  
Healthcare Associated

Multidrug-resistant bacteria pose a serious health threat, especially in hospitals. Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) of mobile genetic elements (MGEs) facilitates the spread of antibiotic resistance, virulence, and environmental persistence genes between nosocomial pathogens. We screened the genomes of 2173 bacterial isolates from healthcare-associated infections from a single hospital over 18 months, and identified identical nucleotide regions in bacteria belonging to distinct genera. To further resolve these shared sequences, we performed long-read sequencing on a subset of isolates and generated highly contiguous genomes. We then tracked the appearance of ten different plasmids in all 2173 genomes, and found evidence of plasmid transfer independent from bacterial transmission. Finally, we identified two instances of likely plasmid transfer within individual patients, including one plasmid that likely transferred to a second patient. This work expands our understanding of HGT in healthcare settings, and can inform efforts to limit the spread of drug-resistant pathogens in hospitals.

scholarly journals 169. Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria Are Common Cause of Neutropenic Fever and Increase Mortality Among Patients with Hematologic Malignancies in Uganda

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. S108-S109
Author(s):  
Margaret Lubwama ◽  
Scott Adams ◽  
Catherine Muwonge ◽  
Freddie Bwanga ◽  
David Kateete ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Lymphocytic Leukemia ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Multidrug Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Hematologic Cancer

Abstract Background Cancer patients are at risk of developing severe infections. Empiric management of infections is complicated by emerging antimicrobial resistance and changing local epidemiology of organisms. We sought to determine predominant species causing bacteremia, their antimicrobial resistance profiles, and their contribution to mortality among hematologic cancer patients with febrile neutropenia at the Uganda Cancer Institute. Methods Blood drawn from participants during a febrile neutropenic episode (FNE; fever ≥37.5°C and neutrophil count ≤1,000 cells/µL) was cultured in the BACTEC 9120 blood culture system. Bacteria from positive cultures were identified biochemically. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed with the disc diffusion method. Logistic regression and proportional hazards regression were applied to estimate associations between participant characteristics and FNE, bacteremia, and mortality. Results Of 246 participants, 74 (30%) had an FNE. During the first FNE, 6/21 (29%) participants with acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) developed bacteremia compared with 16/31 (52%) with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) (OR 2.22 (0.65, 7.4)). AML patients were specifically at higher risk of Gram-negative bacteremia (OR 4.59 (1.09, 19.3). Of the 41 aerobic bacteria isolated, 32 (78%) were Gram-negative, the most common being Klebsiella pneumoniae (11; 34%). Seventeen (53%) of the Gram-negative bacteria displayed the extended spectrum β lactamase phenotype and 5 (16%) were resistant to carbapenems. One of the eight Enterococcus species was vancomycin resistant. Overall survival among patients with FNE was 54% at 30 days and 19% at 100 days. Bacteremia was associated with higher mortality within 30 days (HR 2.1 (0.99, 4.45)) and 100 days (31% vs.10%; HR 2.23 (1.09, 4.59)). Conclusion Multidrug-resistant bacteria are the main cause of bacteremia and increase mortality in febrile neutropenic hematologic cancer patients at the UCI. Enhanced microbial surveillance, infection control and antimicrobial stewardship programs are needed to guide therapy and address emerging antimicrobial resistance at our institution. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

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