Different drought responses of stem water relations and radial increments in Larix principis-rupprechtii and Picea meyeri in a montane mixed forest

2022 ◽  
Vol 315 ◽  
pp. 108817
Author(s):  
Feng Xue ◽  
Yuan Jiang ◽  
Manyu Dong ◽  
Mingchang Wang ◽  
Xinyuan Ding ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Relations ◽  
Mixed Forest ◽  
Stem Water

Water stress and reduced fruit size in micro-irrigated pear trees under deficit partial rootzone drying

2007 ◽  
Vol 58 (7) ◽  
pp. 670 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark G. O'Connell ◽  
Ian Goodwin
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Water Potential ◽  
Water Relations ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Leaf Conductance ◽  
Stem Water Potential ◽  
Crop Water ◽  
Reproductive Growth ◽  
Stem Water ◽  
Partial Rootzone Drying

Crop water relations, vegetative and reproductive growth, and soil water status were studied during 2 seasons to determine the effectiveness of partial rootzone drying (PRD) in a mature micro-irrigated pear orchard in the Goulburn Valley, Australia. PRD treatments were 50% (PRD50) and 100% (PRD100) of predicted crop water requirement (ETc) applied on one side of the tree alternated on a 14-day cycle compared with a Control treatment, which received 100% of ETc irrigated on both sides of the tree. Irrigation was applied daily by micro-jets to replace ETc estimated using reference crop evapotranspiration (ETo) and a FAO-56 crop coefficient of 1.15 adjusted for tree size. The PRD50 regime applied 174–250 mm for the season v. 347–470 mm for both the Control and PRD100 treatments. Irrigation maintained a well watered rootzone under the emitter compared with the drying profiles of the alternated wet/dry irrigated zones of the PRD treatments. There was no significant benefit of PRD100 compared with the Control irrigation regime. Similar vegetative growth (canopy radiation interception), reproductive growth (fruit growth rate, final fruit size, yield), fruit quality (total soluble solids, flesh firmness), and crop water relations (midday leaf conductance, midday leaf and stem water potential) were measured between the Control and PRD100. Trees under the PRD50 regime showed symptoms of severe water stress, that being greater fruit drop, reduced fruit size, lower yield, reduced leaf conductance, and lower leaf and stem water potential. The 50% water saving afforded by PRD50 led to a yield penalty of 16–28% compared with the Control and PRD100. PRD50 fruit failed to meet commercial cannery requirements due to poor fruit size. We conclude from an agronomic basis that deficit PRD irrigation management is not recommended for micro-irrigated pear orchards on fine-textured soils in the Goulburn Valley, Australia.

scholarly journals Variation in scion water relations mediated by two newly released Geneva series rootstocks

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erica Casagrande Biasuz ◽  
Lee Kalcsits
Keyword(s):  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Water Potential ◽  
Water Relations ◽  
Isotope Composition ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Physiological Traits ◽  
Stem Water Potential ◽  
Carbon And Oxygen Isotope ◽  
Stem Water

Dwarfing rootstocks are used to control tree vigor allowing for increased densities that increase apple production. Although there is considerable variation among rootstocks in dwarfing capacity, the mechanisms by which rootstocks affect vigor in apple scions remains unclear. Here, Honeycrisp apple growth and water relations were compared among three rootstocks; M-9 as the industry standard and two less studied Geneva series rootstocks; G.87 and G. 814 in Washington, USA. Trees were acquired from a commercial nursery and planted in 2017. In 2018 and 2019, scion physiological, isotopic and morphological traits were measured to better understand the link between rootstock-driven vigor and physiological traits. Rootstock affected scion shoot growth (P <0.001), stomatal conductance (P< 0.01) and stem water potential (P <0.001). Rootstocks with low vegetative vigor like M.9 also had lower stomatal conductance and enriched leaf δ13C and δ18O isotope composition. Plant growth was positively correlated with stomatal conductance and stem water potential. Rootstocks also affected plant water status and net gas exchange. Here, we report an association between rootstock-induced vigor and scion physiological traits such as gas exchange, stem water potential, and leaf carbon and oxygen isotope composition. This research has implications for the understanding of the mechanisms of dwarfing by rootstocks in apple.

scholarly journals Influence of different de-trending methods on stem water relations of Picea meyeri derived from Dendrometer measurements

2021 ◽  
Vol 45 (8) ◽  
pp. 880-890
Author(s):  
Feng XUE ◽  
Yuan JIANG ◽  
Man-Yu DONG ◽  
Ming-Chang WANG ◽  
Xin-Yuan DING ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Relations ◽  
Stem Water

scholarly journals Water relations of baobab trees (Adansonia spp. L.) during the rainy season: does stem water buffer daily water deficits?

2006 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 1021-1032 ◽  
Author(s):  
SAHARAH MOON CHAPOTIN ◽  
JUVET H. RAZANAMEHARIZAKA ◽  
N. MICHELE HOLBROOK
Keyword(s):  
Water Relations ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Water Deficits ◽  
Daily Water ◽  
Stem Water

scholarly journals Rootstocks induce functional differences that affect carbon isotope discrimination and water relations in the apple scion

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erica Casagrande Biasuz ◽  
Lee Kalcsits
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Water Potential ◽  
Carbon Isotope ◽  
Hydraulic Resistance ◽  
Water Relations ◽  
Water Movement ◽  
Isotope Composition ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Stem Water Potential ◽  
Stem Water

Composite trees combine traits from both the rootstock and scion. Dwarfing rootstocks are used to reduce shoot vigor and improve fruit quality and productivity. Although differences in rootstock vigour have been clearly described, the underlying physiological mechanisms regulating scion vigor are not well understood. Plant water status is strongly influenced by stem hydraulic resistance to water movement. In the scion, stomata regulate transpiration rates and are essential to prevent hydraulic failure. Lower stomatal conductance contributes to enriched leaf carbon isotope composition (δ13C). Combined, the effects of increased hydraulic resistance, limited stomatal control, and subsequently, limited gas exchange can affect tree growth. These differences may also correspond to differences in scion vigor. Here, vegetative growth, gas exchange, stem water potential, and leaf δ13C were compared to determine how rootstocks affect scion water relations. B.9 had the lowest shoot vigor compared to the more vigorous rootstock, G.890. Similarly, photosynthetic rates were also lower. Rootstock vigor was closely associated with leaf gas exchange and stem water potential in the scion and were reflected in leaf δ13C signatures. Dwarfing was strongly related to hydraulic limitations induced by rootstock genotype and these changes are distinguishable when measuring leaf and stem δ13C composition.

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