Effects of irrigation strategies and soil properties on the characteristics of deep percolation and crop water requirements for a variable rate irrigation system

2021 ◽  
Vol 257 ◽  
pp. 107143
Author(s):  
Xiumei Li ◽  
Weixia Zhao ◽  
Jiusheng Li ◽  
Yanfeng Li
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Variable Rate ◽  
Deep Percolation ◽  
Crop Water ◽  
Water Requirements ◽  
Crop Water Requirements ◽  
Variable Rate Irrigation

scholarly journals Manajemen Irigasi Pembibitan Sawit (Elaeis guineensis) Presisi dengan Cropwat 8.0

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 97
Author(s):  
Lisma Safitri
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Irrigation Scheduling ◽  
Water Requirement ◽  
Crop Water Requirement ◽  
Climate Data ◽  
Crop Water ◽  
Water Requirements ◽  
Crop Water Requirements

The accurate water use information at each stage of plant growth is important to better understand the efficient and precise crop water requirement for optimal plant productivity. Nurseries of palm oil are a phase where young palm oil requires extra maintenance, particularly in meeting the plant water needs. The palm oil in the nursery phase require the regular irrigation schedule due to the vulnerable root systems. The purpose of this study was to calculate the oil palm water requirement with Cropwat 8.0 toward the precise irrigation management and provide a scenario for irrigation scheduling in palm oil nursery. The study was conducted in palm oil main nurseries at KP2 Instiper Yogyakarta with site-specific climate data and soil properties. The method used is analyzing climate data and soil properties and simulating crop water requirements, actual water use and irrigation scheduling with Cropwat 8.0. Based on the results, the average of crop water requirement (ETP) of palm oil in main nursery is 3.4 mm / day. Based on the water deficit scenario from rainfall and crop water requirements, irrigation is scheduling in April for 1.4 mm, May for 18.3 mm, June for  3.5 mm, July for 44.1 mm and August for 42.8 mm. On a daily scale and taking into account the availability of soil moisture and the water retention of plant roots, the net irrigation scheduling is given at an average of 2.2 mm / day and gross irrigation of 6 mm / day which is given daily depending on rainfall and plant age.

Estimatimation of crop water requirements by remote sensing for variable rate applications. operational case in a central pivot of wheat

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
maria calera picazo ◽  
Carmen Plaza ◽  
andres cuesta ◽  
vicente bodas ◽  
ramon molina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Decision Support ◽  
Decision Support System ◽  
Support System ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Water Requirement ◽  
Variable Rate ◽  
Crop Water ◽  
Water Requirements ◽  
Crop Water Requirements

<p>In Mediterranean areas, where water scarcity is the main limiting factor, applying good practices in the use of water for irrigation is crucial in order to maximize benefits for farmers and protect the resource. Furthermore, energy costs derived from water pumping from groundwater is one of the most important expenses for farmers in our study area, the South-East of Spain. Variable Rate Irrigation is a promising technique to apply the required water, but VRI faces the challenge to know accurately the crop water requirement distribution in space and time.</p><p>The objective of this work is twofold: Firstly, to demonstrate through a practical case the optimization of the irrigation water in an operativity level managing the variability of the plot using time series of free satellite images currently in orbit. Secondly, to put into practice the technology (SicoP system) developed by ACOEMAN that allows the pivot to apply variable rate at medium cost for farmers.</p><p>The case study was carried out in a commercial wheat plot of 60ha, irrigated by a central pivot endowed with the SicoP technology, during the campaign of 2018-2019.  The SicoP pivot technology allows to implement a variable angular speed for each sector. The pivot circle was divided into 36 sectors of 10 degrees each. Every Thursday during the growing cycle the crop water requirements were estimated per sector by means of remote sensing and meteorological data by the decision support system developed by AgriSat Iberia as consultant company. Thus, the system applied the irrigation water requirement per sector, calculated through a simplified soil water balance.</p><p>The estimation of the actual crop water requirements spatially distributed at 30x30 meter (3x3 pixel) resolution has been based on NDVI-Kc forecasting methodology. The high temporal and spatial resolution provided by free images from satellites Sentinel 2A and Sentinel 2B combined with Landsat 8 images allows the implementation of a remote sensing-based operational approach for this variable rate decision support system.</p><p>This paper includes a comparative analysis of the differences between the water volume applied by homogeneous rate, 1 per plot and week, and the variable rate irrigation, 36 rates per plot and week, using the same EO-based methodology. A yield map was obtained by using a yield-monitoring device implemented into the combine harvester.</p><p>First promising results regarding the optimization of the use of water have been demonstrated going from 1 irrigation decision in 60ha per week, to 36 irrigation decision per week, one per 1.6ha sector. Modest savings in water volumes at the end of the growing cycle have been observed. This map shows no additional increase of yield spatial variability due to the use of VIR.  Some problems were encountered when the climate conditions were not appropriate for irrigation, mainly high wind speed. The system has reached a high operativity level ready for adoption by farmers. </p>

Effect of irrigation uniformity on evapotranspiration and onion yield

2010 ◽  
Vol 148 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. JIMÉNEZ ◽  
J. A. DE JUAN ◽  
J. M. TARJUELO ◽  
J. F. ORTEGA
Keyword(s):  
Water Deficit ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Sprinkler Irrigation ◽  
Water Application ◽  
Crop Water ◽  
Water Requirements ◽  
Crop Water Requirements ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Experimental Plots

SUMMARYThe main objective of the current study was to analyse how water application through a sprinkler irrigation system influences yield of onion (Allium cepa L.), taking into account water application heterogeneity and the effects on theoretical crop evapotranspiration (ETc). Field experiments were conducted on commercial onion plots, irrigated with a permanent sprinkler irrigation system, located in Albacete, Spain, over two irrigation seasons. Two experimental plots were selected each study year: plot A (PA), in which water was applied heterogeneously by using sprinklers with different nozzle combinations, and plot B (PB, used as the reference plot) in which the four sprinklers were maintained with the same nozzle combinations. Both experimental plots were divided into 25 subplots with the aim of studying the water distribution (measured as Christiansen uniformity coefficient (CU)), the impact on the actual evapotranspiration (ETa) and the yield obtained. Irrigation was scheduled using a daily simplified water balance method within the root area following the approach of the Food and Agriculture Organization. In the present study, sprinkler irrigation in PA resulted in lower CU (65–82% lower in 2002 and 59–79% lower in 2005) compared with PB (78–92% lower in 2002 and 79–93% lower in 2005). Between 30 May and 18 August 2002, the estimated crop water requirements in PA in the absence of water deficit was 22 mm over the accumulated value of ETc (491 v. 469 mm), while estimated crop water requirements under water deficit were 187 mm below ETc (282 v. 469 mm). In 2005, between 29 May and 25 August, ETa without water deficit was more similar to ETc (458 v. 444 mm) but Eta under water deficit was 242 mm. The greater uniformity of water distribution in PB was translated into a greater uniformity of yield distribution. A smaller range in yield was observed in PB when compared with PA. No statistically significant differences were observed between PA and PB in the crop quality parameters bulb moisture content, total soluble solids, pH and total acidity.

RANCANG BANGUN ALAT PENYIRAMAN TANAMAN DENGAN POMPA OTOMATIS SISTEM IRIGASI TETES PADA LAHAN KERING (Design Tools Watering Plants With Automatic Pump to Drips Irrigation System For Dry Land)

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-101
Author(s):  
Amuddin Amuddin ◽  
Joko Sumarsono
Keyword(s):  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Power Calculation ◽  
Drip Irrigation System ◽  
Crop Water ◽  
Land Area ◽  
Water Requirements ◽  
Dry Land ◽  
Crop Water Requirements

This study aims to (1) Designing wake automatic watering equipment on dry land, (2) Determine the effective and efficient manner, (3) Knowing more specific performance in the use of electrical power. The benefits of this research (1) automated tool that can help overcome the shortage of water in the dry season in dry land, (2) helping farmers in overcoming problems crop irrigation in the dry season / dry, (3) scientific knowledge in automation watering drip irrigation system with pump solar energy as renewable energy. The research was conducted in the village of Batu Layar Sandik District of West Lombok in April 2011 to October 2011. This study uses an experimental method with the following steps: (a) Stage Design, (b) the assembly stage and followed by (c) Phase characterization automatic watering tool. At the stage of design executed by: measuring the ambient temperature (0C), measure wind speed (km / h), determine to what size of pump power (watts); followed by stages of assembly. Then proceed with step kerakterisasi automatic watering tool in the characterization of applying completely randomized design (CRD) factorial design composed 8 treatment. The first factor is the rotation of the motor pump with 4 variations of rotation, namely (1600, 1800, 2200 and 2400 rpm). Each treatment each repeated 3 times. While the provision of irrigation water treatment drops on each network is divided into blocks, namely (I, II, III and IV blocks) are taken based on the treatment of the above factors. Each treatment was observed parameters-parameters of chilli crop water requirements. The parameters characterizing automatic sprinklers include: efficiency of crop water requirements and water use efficiency in total. Results showed (1) automatic watering device can regulate the amount and uniformity of discharge of water droplets in every hole in the use of water for plants drip irrigation system with an average of (± 0.5632 liters /crop), the one-time watering at each plants with 2400 rpm motor pump. (2) System drip irrigation watering holes aimed directly at the plant, the amount of water used is very small. So that the area can be watered plants covering an area of ​​1.74 mx 2.09 m = 3.6366 m2 / plot. With a total land area is tested for this type of tomato plant and a land area of ​​39.78 ± m2 for the type of chilli plants, bringing the total land area of ​​± 68.21 m2 on the pump discharge position of  ±72.50578 liters/minute, and then flowed through 6 Fruit of the pipeline with the average number ±12.084297 liters perpipe on each plot. While in the pipeline, there are 16 pieces of water drain holes are directed at each plant to remove water in the respective holes per hole ± 0.755268542 liters/minute. (3) The electric power is used to drive the pump motor in this study is similar to the output ±0.336796 HP the uotput equal to ±0.336796 HP x 0.7457 kWatt = 251.25 watts, where as the unused power of ± 1.333333 watts with efisiensin power to the pump motor power calculation is divided power is used together with efficiency = 251.25 watts/1.333333 watts x 100% = 18843.75%.   Keywords: chili, dry land, automatic watering   ABSTRAK   Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk (1) Merancang bangun peralatan penyiraman otomatis pada  lahan kering, (2) Menentukan cara yang efektif dan efisien, (3) Mengetahui unjuk kerja yang lebih spesifik dalam penggunaan daya listrik. Manfaat penelitian ini (1) Alat otomatis yang dapat membantu mengatasi kekurangan air pada musim kemarau di lahan kering, (2) membantu petani dalam mengatasi masalah pengairan tanaman pada musim kemarau/kering, (3) pengetahuan ilmiah dalam otomatisasi penyiraman sistem irigasi tetes dengan pompa energi  surya sebagai energi terbarukan. Penelitian ini di lakukan di Desa Sandik  Kecamatan Batu Layar Kabupaten Lombok Barat pada bulan April 2011 sampai Oktober 2011. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimental dengan tahapan: (a) Tahap Rancang Bangun, (b) Tahap perakitan dan dilanjutkan dengan (c) Tahap  karakterisasi alat penyiraman otomatis. Pada tahapan rancang bangun dilaksanakan dengan: mengukur temperatur lingkungan (0C), mengukur kecepatan angin (km/jam), menenetukan ukuran daya pompa (watt);  dilanjutkan dengan tahapan perakitan. Kemudian dilanjutkan dengan tahap kerakterisasi alat penyiraman otomatis Dalam karakterisasi menerapkan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) rancangan faktorial yang disusun 8 perlakuan. Faktor pertama adalah putaran motor pompa dengan 4 variasi putaran yaitu (1600, 1800 , 2200 dan 2400 rpm). Setiap perlakuan masing-masing diulang 3 kali. Sedangkan perlakuan pemberian air irigasi tetes pada setiap jaringan dibagi dalam blok yaitu (I, II, III dan IV blok) yang  diambil berdasarkan perlakuan dari  faktor diatas. Setiap perlakuan diamati parameter-perameter kebutuhan air tanaman cabe. Adapun parameter-parameter karakterisasi alat penyiram otomatis meliputi: efisiensi kebutuhan air tanaman dan efisiensi penggunaan air total. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan (1) Alat penyiraman otomatis ini dapat mengatur jumlah dan keseragaman debit tetesan air disetiap lubang dalam penggunaan air untuk tanaman sistem irigasi tetes dengan rata-rata sebesar (±0,5632 liter/tan), dalam satu kali penyiraman pada setiap tanaman dengan putaran motor pompa 2400 rpm. (2) Sistem penyiraman irigasi tetes diarahkan tepat pada lubang tanaman, dengan jumlah air yang digunakan sangat kecil. Sehingga luas areal tanaman yang dapat disirami seluas 1,74 m x 2,09 m=3,6366 m2/petak. Dengan total luas lahan yang dicobakan untuk jenis tanaman tomat dan luas lahan sebesar ±39,78 m2 untuk jenis tanaman cabe, sehingga total luas lahan sebesar ±68,21 m2 pada posisi debit pompa sebesar ±72,50578 liter/menit, kemudian dialirkan melalui 6 buah pipa penyalur dengan jumlah rata ±12,084297 liter per pipa pada masing-masing petak.  Sedangkan dalam satu pipa terdapat 16 buah lubang pengeluaran air yang diarahkan pada tiap-tiap tanaman dengan mengeluarkan air dimasing-masing lubang ±0,755268542 liter per lubang/menit.  (3) Daya listrik yang digunakan  untuk menggerakkan  motor pompa dalam penelitian ini adalah 0,336796 HP dengan keluaran setara 0,336796 HP x 0,7457 Kwatt = 251,25 watt, sedangkan daya  listrik yang terpakai sebesar ±1,333333 watt dengan efisiensi daya dengan perhitungan daya motor pompa dibagi daya listrik yang digunakan sama dengan efisiensi = 251,25 watt/1,333333 watt x 100% = 18843,75%.   Kata kunci: cabe, lahan kering, penyiraman otomatis

A modelling platform for climate change impact on local and regional crop water requirements

2021 ◽  
Vol 255 ◽  
pp. 107005
Author(s):  
Sara Masia ◽  
Antonio Trabucco ◽  
Donatella Spano ◽  
Richard L. Snyder ◽  
Janez Sušnik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Climate Change Impact ◽  
Crop Water ◽  
Water Requirements ◽  
Crop Water Requirements ◽  
Change Impact

Satellite based calculation of spatially distributed crop water requirements for cotton and wheat cultivation in Fergana Valley, Uzbekistan

2013 ◽  
Vol 110 ◽  
pp. 88-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Conrad ◽  
Maren Rahmann ◽  
Miriam Machwitz ◽  
Galina Stulina ◽  
Heiko Paeth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Water ◽  
Water Requirements ◽  
Crop Water Requirements ◽  
Wheat Cultivation ◽  
Spatially Distributed

Technological and agronomic assessment of a Variable Rate Irrigation system integrated with soil sensor technologies

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 564-568 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Martello ◽  
A. Berti ◽  
G. Lusiani ◽  
A. Lorigiola ◽  
F. Morari
Keyword(s):  
Irrigation System ◽  
Irrigation Performance ◽  
Variable Rate ◽  
Management Zones ◽  
Soil Moisture Sensors ◽  
First Results ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Noticeable Reduction ◽  
Business As Usual ◽  
Variable Rate Irrigation

The main goal of this study was assessing the technological and agronomic performances of a centre pivot Variable Rate Irrigation (VRI) system. The study was conducted in 2015 on a 16-ha field cultivated with maize. Irrigation was scheduled in three Management Zones according to data provided by a real-time monitoring system based on an array of soil moisture sensors. First results demonstrated the potential benefits of the VRI system on irrigation performance however a multiyear comparison is requested for evaluating the response to climate variability. VRI resulted in yields comparable to the business-as-usual regime but through a noticeable reduction in irrigation volumes.

Past and future changes in regional crop water requirements in Northwest China

2018 ◽  
Vol 137 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 2203-2215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoyan Song ◽  
Songbai Song ◽  
Zhi Li ◽  
Wenbin Liu ◽  
Jiuyi Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Northwest China ◽  
Crop Water ◽  
Water Requirements ◽  
Crop Water Requirements
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