Executive functions, selective attention and information processing in patients with obsessive compulsive disorder: A study from west of Iran

2018 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
pp. 140-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saeid Yazdi-Ravandi ◽  
Farshid Shamsaei ◽  
Nasrin Matinnia ◽  
Abbas Moghimbeigi ◽  
Jamal Shams ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Selective Attention ◽  
Executive Functions ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder

Obsessional states: anxiety disorders or schizotypes? An information processing and personality assessment

1990 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 621-627 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon J. Enright ◽  
Anthony R. Beech
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Selective Attention ◽  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Personality Assessment ◽  
Normal Population ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Inhibitory Mechanisms

SynopsisThis paper presents evidence that on an information processing task, designed to investigate putative inhibitory mechanisms in selective attention, obsessive compulsive disordered individuals can be clearly distinguished from other anxiety disorder clients and show significantly higher scores on questionnaire measures designed to detect schizotypy in the normal population. It is suggested that these results provide some support for the idea that obsessive compulsive disorder may be misclassified as an anxiety disorder and may in fact be categorically more closely aligned to the schizophrenic constellation of disorders.

scholarly journals Disturbed Monitoring and Response Inhibition in patients with Gilles De La Tourette Syndrome and Co-Morbid Obsessive Compulsive Disorder

2003 ◽  
Vol 14 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 29-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Verena Müller ◽  
Sönke Johannes ◽  
Berdieke Wieringa ◽  
Axel Weber ◽  
Kirsten Müller-Vahl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Executive Functions ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Tourette Syndrome ◽  
Response Inhibition ◽  
Error Detection ◽  
Neuropsychological Tests ◽  
Cognitive Domain ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder

Objective:Fronto-striatal dysfunction has been discussed as underlying symptoms of Tourette syndrome (TS) with co-morbid Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD). This suggests possible impairments of executive functions in this disorder, which were therefore targeted in the present study.Results:A comprehensive series of neuropsychological tests examining attention, memory and executive functions was performed in a group of 14 TS/OCD in co-occurrence with OCD patients and a matched control group.Results:While attentional and memory mechanisms were not altered, TS/OCS patients showed deficits in executive functions predominately in the areas of response inhibition and action monitoring.Conclusions:These findings provide further evidence for a substantial impairment of the frontal-striatal-thalamic-frontal circuit. We propose that the deficits in monitoring, error detection and response inhibition constitute the major impairment of TS/OCD patients in the cognitive domain.

scholarly journals COMT Val158Met Polymorphism and Executive Functions in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

2013 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 214-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raşit Tükel ◽  
Hakan Gürvit ◽  
Nalan Öztürk ◽  
Berna Özata ◽  
Banu Aslantaş Ertekin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Executive Functions ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Comt Val158met ◽  
Val158met Polymorphism

scholarly journals Relation between executive functions and polymorphisms in COMT, MAO-A, HTTLPR, SLC1A1 and HT2A in a sample of children with Obsessive Compulsive Disorder

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Enrique Avila Campos ◽  
María Cristina Pinto Dussan ◽  
Ángela María Polanco Barreto ◽  
Esneyder Manuel Guerrero ◽  
Rafael Antonio Vásquez Rojas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Executive Functions ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Wisconsin Card Sorting Test ◽  
Card Sorting ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Mao A ◽  
Trail Making ◽  
Sorting Test

AbstractBackgroundObsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) has a complex etiology related to multiple neuropsychological factors. OCD is associated with several candidate genes but results are discordant. The objective was to explore the association between five polymorphisms related to neurotransmitters, the risk of an OCD diagnosis and the performance in four executive functions tests done with Colombian patients diagnosed with this condition.Methods63 patients and 65 controls matched by gender and age were genetically analyzed. For the study of the relation between cognitive function and phenotypes, a subsample of 33 patients and 31 controls was used. The Stroop test, Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST), Tower of London and Trail Making Test (TMT) for executive function assessment were applied and the SNPs analyzed were: COMT (rs4680), MAO-A (rs6323), HTTLPR (rs25531), HT2A (rs6315) and SLC1A1 (rs301434).ResultsDifferences in the conceptualization of the WCST test (p = 0.023) and Stroop interference score (p = 0.041) between cases and controls were obtained. After analyzing the relationship between genotypes and sub-scores of the tests, associations between the presence of MAO-A, SLAC1A1, HTTLPR and HT2A alleles and tests sub-scores were found.DiscussionThis characterization of children with OCD is a new field of work in Colombia and one of the first works performed in Latin America. The sample size and the number of polymorphisms analyzed in this population should be increased.

Sensory-Motor Aspects of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

CNS Spectrums ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 3 (7) ◽  
pp. 31-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin P. Stevens ◽  
Jonathan Hoffman ◽  
Curtis Hsia
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Motor Symptoms ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Sensory Motor

AbstractThis article presents an overview of sensorymotor aspects of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). These phenomena have received less attention than obsessions and compulsions, but are nonetheless important in the development, maintenance, phenomenology, and treatment of the disease. In many individuals, seemingly disparate sensory-motor symptoms can be conceptualized as part and parcel of OCD. Sensory-motor aspects are discussed within the context of faulty information processing and related to neuropsychiatric systems characteristic of OCD. As the pathophysiology of OCD is highly extensive, not all sensory-motor symptoms discussed here will be observed in every individual.

Open-label trial of anterior limb of internal capsule–nucleus accumbens deep brain stimulation for obsessive-compulsive disorder: insights gained

2019 ◽  
Vol 90 (7) ◽  
pp. 805-812 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Huys ◽  
Sina Kohl ◽  
Juan Carlos Baldermann ◽  
Lars Timmermann ◽  
Volker Sturm ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Deep Brain Stimulation ◽  
Nucleus Accumbens ◽  
Executive Functions ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Brain Stimulation ◽  
Internal Capsule ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Open Label ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Deep Brain

BackgroundFor more than 15 years, deep brain stimulation (DBS) has served as a last-resort treatment for severe treatment-resistant obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD).MethodsFrom 2010 to 2016, 20 patients with OCD (10 men/10 women) were included in a single-centre trial with a naturalistic open-label design over 1 year to evaluate the effects of DBS in the anterior limb of the internal capsule and nucleus accumbens region (ALIC-NAcc) on OCD symptoms, executive functions, and personality traits.ResultsALIC-NAcc-DBS significantly decreased OCD symptoms (mean Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale reduction 33%, 40% full responders) and improves global functioning without loss of efficacy over 1 year. No significant changes were found in depressive or anxiety symptoms. Our study did not show any effect of ALIC-NAcc-DBS on personality traits or executive functions, and no potential outcome predictors were identified in a post hoc analysis. Other than several individual minor adverse events, ALIC-NAcc-DBS has been shown to be safe, but 35% of patients reported a sudden increase in anxiety and anhedonia after acute cessation of stimulation.ConclusionsWe conclude that ALIC-NAcc-DBS is a well-tolerated and promising last-resort treatment option for OCD. The cause of variability in the outcome remains unclear, and the aspect of reversibility must be examined critically. The present data from one of the largest samples of patients with OCD treated with DBS thus far support the results of previous studies with smaller samples.

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