The effect of acute alcohol intoxication on gut wall integrity in healthy male volunteers; a randomized controlled trial

Introduction: Excessive consumption of alcohol is associated with harm and responsible for up to 30% of emergency department (ED) visits. ED visits and length of stay (LOS) related to alcohol intoxication have increased over the last decade. The objective of this study was to compare the ED LOS of alcohol intoxicated and non-alcohol intoxicated patients presenting to the ED with acute head injury. Methods: This was a nested cohort analysis of patients screened for enrollment in a randomized controlled trial assessing minor traumatic brain injury (MTBI) discharge instructions in the ED of an academic tertiary care hospital (annual census 65,000). Patients aged 18 to 64 years presenting to the ED with a Canadian Emergency Department Information System (CEDIS) chief complaint of a head injury or suspected concussion occurring within 24 hours were eligible for study inclusion. Patients were identified as acutely intoxicated by their treating clinical providers. ED LOS for patients acutely intoxicated and those not intoxicated was compared using a Mann-Whitney U test using the Hodges-Lehmann method. Proportional differences were assessed using chi-square statistics. Results: A total of 164 patients were included in the analysis, 46 (28.0%) intoxicated and 118 (72.0%) not intoxicated. Median (IQR) ED LOS was 2.9 (1.5, 6.6) hours for intoxicated and 1.8 (1.3, 2.9) hours for non-intoxicated patients (Δ1.1 hours; 95% CI: 0.4, 1.8). Arrival by ambulance was higher in the intoxicated (73.9%) compared to the non-intoxicated (29.7%) group (Δ44.3%; 95% CI: 27.6, 57.1). Patients were more likely to have experienced assault in the intoxicated (34.8%) compared to the non-intoxicated (6.8%) group (Δ28.0%; 95% CI: 14.5, 42.8). There no difference in the proportion of patients who arrived after daytime hours, had a brain computed tomography, received analgesia in the ED, had another traumatic injury or had a history of psychiatric illness. Conclusion: One third of patients screened for a randomized controlled trial for MTBI were deemed ineligible for study inclusion due to acute alcohol intoxication. Alcohol intoxication was associated with prolonged ED LOS. Future studies specifically aimed at identifying factors that impact care on this frequent ED patient population are needed.

Download Full-text

Can the Combination of Acute Alcohol Intake and One Night of Sleep Deprivation Affect Neuromuscular Performance in Healthy Male Adults? A Cross-over Randomized Controlled Trial

The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research ◽

10.1519/jsc.0000000000003124 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 33 (5) ◽

pp. 1244-1251 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Rodrigo Rodrigues ◽

Rodrigo de Azevedo Franke ◽

Bruno C. Teixeira ◽

Rodrigo Cauduro Oliveira Macedo ◽

Fernando Diefenthaeler ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Randomized Controlled Trial ◽

Sleep Deprivation ◽

Alcohol Intake ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Healthy Male ◽

Neuromuscular Performance ◽

Randomized Controlled

Download Full-text

Acute effects of essential oil blend containing phlai oil on mood among healthy male volunteers: Randomized controlled trial

Journal of Complementary and Integrative Medicine ◽

10.1515/jcim-2019-0097 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 17 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Warangkana Arpornchayanon ◽

Sumittra Gomonchareonsiri ◽

Sunee Chansakaow ◽

Tinakon Wongpakaran ◽

Pairada Varnado ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Essential Oil ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Olive Oil ◽

Test Scores ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Acute Effects ◽

Healthy Male ◽

Healthy Male Volunteers ◽

Male Volunteers ◽

Oil Blend

AbstractBackgroundEssential oil blend (ESOB) containing Zingiber montanum or Phlai and Zingiber tenuiscapus oils as the major components has high levels of terpenes such as sabinene, terpinene, terpinolene, and terpine-4-ol. Phlai is well known for its analgesic property, but its effects on mood remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the acute effects of inhaling the ESOB containing phlai essential oils on mood and stress among healthy volunteers.MethodsA prospective, randomized, double-blinded, controlled trial pilot study was conducted among 38 healthy male volunteers; 19 in the ESOB containing phlai oil group and 19 in the control group, which used olive oil. One single inhalation was provided continuously for 15 min via hot steam. Mood status was assessed pre- and post-intervention using the Visual Analog Scales for Mood, Anxiety, Stress and Alertness (MASA). Rorschach tests, in a modified analysis, were also employed. One-way ANCOVA was used to determine statistical differences of the mood test results between ESOB containing phlai oil and olive oil.ResultsMean age of the participants was 22.11 (SD 2.1) years. Both ESOB containing phlai oil and olive oil increased the post-test scores of positive mood and reduced the scores of negative mood. However, no difference was observed regarding the mood test scores between groups, except concerning the Rorschach stress test (F (1,38)=6.486, p=0.015). The variance of change, explained by the model (R square), was 32.8%, while the adjusted R-squared was 0.290.ConclusionsSingle inhalation aromatherapy using ESOB containing phlai oil or olive oil showed an immediate improvement of mood states among healthy young male volunteers by easing the negative emotions and enhancing positive emotions, especially feelings of pleasure and contentment. Natural blend of phlai essential oils was more efficacious than olive oil in reducing emotional stress.

Download Full-text

Safety and Tolerance of Intravenous Nimodipine

Annals of Pharmacotherapy ◽

10.1177/106002809402801001 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 28 (10) ◽

pp. 1143-1148 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

John J. Sramek ◽

Allen H. Heller ◽

Pavur R. Sundaresan ◽

John Lettieri ◽

Suzanne Sawin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Adverse Events ◽

Normal Population ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Fixed Dose ◽

Healthy Male ◽

Peripheral Vein ◽

Double Blind ◽

Healthy Male Volunteers ◽

Male Volunteers

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the safety and tolerance of intravenous nimodipine administered via a peripheral vein in healthy male volunteers. DESIGN: Double-blind, placebo- and vehicle-controlled trial with three fixed-dose panels. SETTING: Inpatient infusion and observation periods. SUBJECTS: 61 healthy male volunteers, aged 18–40 years. METHODS: Subjects in panel 1 received nimodipine 0.4 mg/h, vehicle 2 mL/h, or placebo 2 mL/h; subjects in panel 2 received nimodipine 1 mg/h, vehicle 5 mL/h, or placebo 5 mL/h; subjects in panel 3 received nimodipine 2 mg/h, vehicle 10 mL/h, or placebo 10 mL/h. All infusions were administered intravenously for 48 hours and volunteers were observed for 48 hours after cessation of the infusion. In addition to standard safety assessments (physical examination, electrocardiogram, laboratory studies, and adverse event reporting), supine and standing blood pressures and pulse rates were measured frequently. Plasma samples were also analyzed for nimodipine and its two demethylated metabolites. RESULTS: Of 61 subjects, 55 completed the 48-hour infusion and 6 discontinued the study because of adverse events. Intravenous nimodipine was well tolerated at 0.4 and 1 mg/h. However, all six subjects who received nimodipine 2 mg/h experienced moderate-to-severe adverse events, and one subject was discontinued because of dizziness, diaphoresis, and postural hypotension. The matched vehicle (10 mL/h) also was not well tolerated, with three subjects who discontinued because of phlebitis. Two subjects who received placebo were also discontinued during the study. Small (2 mm Hg) decreases in mean supine diastolic blood pressure were observed in the 0.4- and 1-mg/h nimodipine groups, but the 2-mg/h group showed a slight (5 mm Hg) increase in blood pressure. These changes were not clinically significant. Clearance and half-life of nimodipine and its metabolites were similar at all three dosages. CONCLUSIONS: Using peripheral vein administration, nimodipine 2 mg/h and matched vehicle at 10 mL/h were not well tolerated in this healthy normal population. The maximum tolerated dose of nimodipine was found to be 1 mg/h.

Download Full-text