Abstract
Background: The objective of this study was to investigate the prognostic value of tumor size on cancer-specific mortality (CSM) and lymph node metastasis for patients with penile squamous cell carcinoma (PSCC).Method: The patients diagnosed with PSCC between 2004 and 2015 were selected from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. Restricted cubic spline functions were calculated to characterize the association between tumor size and the risk of CSM. The competing-risks model was used to evaluate the impact of tumor size on the cumulative incidence of CSM. The logistic regression analysis was performed to examine the association between tumor size and lymph node metastasis.Results: Totally, 1365 PSCC patients were analyzed, with 52.3% having tumors ≤30 mm, and 47.7% >30 mm. The restricted cubic splines showed that the risks of CSM increased as tumors enlarged. Following adjustment of competing events, the PSCC patients with tumors >30 mm were more likely to succumb to CSM in comparison with those with tumors ≤30 mm (hazard ratio [HR]=1.57, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.23-2.01, P<0.001). In subgroup analyses, tumor size >30 mm was significantly associated with an increased risk of CSM relative to tumor size ≤30 mm among patients with T1 (HR=1.56, 95%CI: 1.03-2.37, P=0.036) and T3 (HR=2.51, 95%CI: 1.41-4.45, P=0.002) classifications. On logistic regression analysis, tumors >30 mm were significantly associated with lymph node metastasis (odds ratio [OR]=1.46, 95% CI: 1.03-2.07, P=0.034).Conclusion: Larger tumors (>30 mm) were significantly associated with higher risks of CSM and increased likelihood of lymph node metastasis for PSCC patients, which could be integrated into the development of a staging system for penile cancer.
Efficacy of Postoperative FOLFOX Versus XELOX Chemotherapy for Gastric Cancer and Prognostic Value of Platelet–Lymphocyte Ratio in Patients Receiving XELOX
