Does the type of exercise affect tryptophan catabolism in horses?

Abstract Most older adults do not exercise regularly. Among those who do, the majority only perform one type of exercise, and— as such— are either not getting the benefits of endurance exercise or resistance exercise. The aim of this pilot study was to determine which standalone exercise strategy has the greatest effect on both cardiorespiratory and lower-extremity muscular function in insufficiently active older adults 60 to 75 years of age (N = 14). Participants were randomly assigned to either resistance training (RT, n=5), moderate intensity continuous training on a stationary bicycle (MICT, n=4), or high-intensity interval training on a stationary bicycle (HIIT, n=5) for supervised exercise sessions three times per week for 12 weeks. Maximal oxygen consumption increased a comparable amount in all groups (11.9±11.2% for HIIT vs. 8.0±14.8% for MICT vs 9.8±5.7% for RT). Leg extensor power did not change in the HIIT group (-0.34±5.2%), but increased by 5.2±9.7% in the MICT group and 14.5±26.1% in the RT group. Leg extensor strength decreased by 1.7±22.1% in the HIIT group and 0.6±6.4% in the MICT group, but increased by 27.3±21.2% in the RT group. These findings demonstrate that RT results in improved lower-extremity strength and power, as well as improvements in maximal aerobic capacity comparable to MICT and HIIT in older adults. Thus, RT should be promoted as an essential exercise strategy for older adults, particularly for individuals who are inactive or that are only performing one type of exercise regularly.

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Tryptophan catabolism by tryptophan pyrrolase in rat liver. The effect of tryptophan loads and changes in tryptophan pyrrolase activity.

Journal of Biological Chemistry ◽

10.1016/s0021-9258(19)41270-2 ◽

1975 ◽

Vol 250 (13) ◽

pp. 5009-5014

Author(s):

S N Young ◽

T L Sourkes

Keyword(s):

Rat Liver ◽

Tryptophan Catabolism ◽

Tryptophan Pyrrolase

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RunIn3: the development process of a running-related injury prevention programme

BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine ◽

10.1136/bmjsem-2021-001051 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (3) ◽

pp. e001051

Author(s):

Caio Sain Vallio ◽

Gabriela Martins de Oliveira ◽

Giovana Araujo Kretli Mota ◽

Alexandre Dias Lopes ◽

Luiz Hespanhol

Keyword(s):

Self Efficacy ◽

Intervention Mapping ◽

Inductive Reasoning ◽

Target Population ◽

Prevention Programme ◽

Physically Active ◽

Prevention Programmes ◽

Development Approach ◽

Type Of Exercise ◽

Framework Development

BackgroundRunning is an important type of exercise to keep people physically active. However, running also carries a risk of developing running-related injuries (RRI). Therefore, effective and evidence-based RRI prevention programmes are desirable, but are scarce in practice. An approach to face this problem might be the application of methods to develop RRI prevention programmes based on theories of behaviour change.ObjectiveThe purpose of the study was to develop an RRI prevention programme based on perspectives of behavioural and social science theories, as well as taking a framework development approach.MethodsThis was a qualitative study using the Intervention Mapping (IM) framework held between February and March 2018 in São Paulo, Brazil. The participants were involved in running practice. The data collection was conducted during focus group meetings. The data analysis was based on semantic thematic approach using a content analysis orientation based on inductive reasoning.ResultsThe target population of the RRI prevention programme identified was ‘adult recreational runners’. The objectives of the RRI prevention programme were established in two broad actions: (1) to provide feedback on individual training characteristics and RRI risk; and (2) provide/enhance knowledge, skills and self-efficacy on RRI preventive behaviours. The programme is aimed to be delivered through an online system.ConclusionAn RRI prevention programme was developed using the IM framework and a participatory approach. The programme was named ‘RunIn3’, and it is based on providing feedback on running volume and RRI risk, as well as providing knowledge, skills and self-efficacy on RRI preventive behaviours.

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ABC of prescribing exercise as medicine: a narrative review of the experiences of general practitioners and patients

BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine ◽

10.1136/bmjsem-2021-001050 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. e001050

Author(s):

Andrew O'Regan ◽

Michael Pollock ◽

Saskia D'Sa ◽

Vikram Niranjan

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

General Practice ◽

General Practitioners ◽

Exercise Prescription ◽

Narrative Review ◽

System Support ◽

Physician Characteristics ◽

Cochrane Reviews ◽

Type Of Exercise ◽

User Friendly

BackgroundExercise prescribing can help patients to overcome physical inactivity, but its use in general practice is limited. The purpose of this narrative review was to investigate contemporaneous experiences of general practitioners and patients with exercise prescribing.MethodPubMed, Scopus, Science Direct and Cochrane reviews were reviewed using the terms ‘exercise prescription’, ‘exercise prescribing’, ‘family practice’, ‘general practice’, ‘adults’ and ‘physical activity prescribing’.ResultsAfter screening by title, abstract and full paper, 23 studies were selected for inclusion. Qualitative, quantitative and mixed-methods studies revealed key experiences of general practitioners and patients. Barriers identified included: physician characteristics, patients’ physical and psychosocial factors, systems and cultural failures, as well as ambiguity around exercise prescribing. We present a synthesis of the key strategies to overcome these using an ABC approach: A: assessment of physical activity: involves asking about physical activity, barriers and risks to undertaking an exercise prescription; B: brief intervention: advice, written prescription detailing frequency, intensity, timing and type of exercise; and C: continued support: providing ongoing monitoring, accountability and progression of the prescription. Multiple supports were identified: user-friendly resources, workshops for doctors, guidelines for specific illnesses and multimorbidity, electronic devices, health system support and collaboration with other healthcare and exercise professionals.DiscussionThis review has identified levers for facilitating exercise prescribing and adherence to it. The findings have been presented in an ABC format as a guide and support for general practitioners to prescribe exercise.

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338P Association of kynurenine, tryptophan and key enzymes involved in kynurenine pathway of tryptophan catabolism with Imatinib duration in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia

Annals of Oncology ◽

10.1016/s0923-7534(21)00496-8 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 27 ◽

pp. ix106

Author(s):

D. Mohania ◽

Y. Shokeen ◽

M. Jauhri ◽

S. Aggarwal

Keyword(s):

Chronic Myeloid Leukemia ◽

Myeloid Leukemia ◽

Kynurenine Pathway ◽

Key Enzymes ◽

Tryptophan Catabolism

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Questionnaire survey assessing the leisure-time physical activity of hospital doctors and awareness of UK physical activity recommendations

BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine ◽

10.1136/bmjsem-2019-000534 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. e000534 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Jennifer A Cuthill ◽

Martin Shaw

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Leisure Time Physical Activity ◽

Teaching Hospitals ◽

Muscle Strengthening ◽

Scottish Population ◽

Physical Activity Recommendations ◽

Hospital Doctors ◽

Type Of Exercise ◽

The Uk ◽

Activity Recommendations

ObjectiveThe UK Government Physical Activity Recommendations suggest that adults should aim for 150 min of physical activity each week to maintain health. We assessed the total volume, frequency, intensity and type of exercise taken by hospital doctors in association with their specialty, age and knowledge of the specific components of the recommendations.MethodsAn anonymous paper-based questionnaire was distributed to doctors working in the two largest teaching hospitals in Glasgow. 332 questionnaires were analysed with a response rate of 60.3%.Results239 (72%) doctors felt they exercised regularly with 212 (63.9%) meeting the recommended volume of cardiovascular activity, similar to an age and sex-matched cohort of the general Scottish population. Only 78 (23.5%) doctors achieved the recommended muscle-strengthening activities. 108 (35.5%) doctors were aware recommendations for activity existed but only 45 (13.6%) were able to state the recommended duration of activity per week. Doctors who were aware of the recommendations were more likely to personally achieve them (OR 1.802, 95% CI 1.104 to 2.941) although other additional factors may contribute.ConclusionAlthough this was a small study in two hospitals, our results suggest that hospital doctors are as active as the general public in the UK of a similar age. Eight years after implementation, knowledge of specific components of the current physical activity recommendations remains poor. Efforts to improve this prior to graduation, combined with improving confidence and competence in counselling practices and enhancing the opportunities for doctors to exercise, could translate into improved healthcare promotion.

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