The objective of this study was to evaluate in vitro the time-dependent fluoride (F) release from three adhesive systems: Clearfil Protect Bond (CPB - Kuraray), FL Bond II (FLB- Shofu) and Adper Single Bond 2 (SB2 - 3M ESPE) (negative control). CPB and FLB are fluoride containing adhesives that use different F releasing mechanisms. The tested hypothesis was that the F releasing mechanism influences the amount of released F in water. Disc-shaped specimens (5 mm × 3 mm) were fabricated using a plastic matrix (Demetron Research Corp). Three specimens were produced for each material and each period of evaluation (1, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days) (n=3). Subsequently, the specimens were stored in 10 mL distilled water at 37° C until the analyses were done using a liquid membrane for selective F ion electrode (Orion 710). Four readings were performed on the first day and the remaining evaluation times had one reading/day. Results were statistically analyzed by two-way ANOVA and Tukey's test (α=0.05). CPB released the greatest amount of fluoride in all evaluated periods with the greatest value at 6th h (0.183 ppm) thereafter decreasing gradually up to the 7th day when it significantly increased again until the 21st day. In most measurements, FLB showed similar mean fluoride release values as SB2. Therefore, the fluoride release mechanism influenced the amount of fluoride released in water, confirming the study hypothesis.
Geogenic sources and chemical controls on fluoride release to groundwater in the Independence Basin, Mexico
