Effectiveness of Mirror Therapy for Phantom Limb Pain: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui-Min Xie ◽  
Ke-Xue Zhang ◽  
Shuo Wang ◽  
Ning Wang ◽  
Na Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Phantom Limb Pain ◽  
Phantom Limb ◽  
Mirror Therapy ◽  
Limb Pain

Effects of mirror therapy on phantom limb sensation and phantom limb pain in amputees: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

2021 ◽  
pp. 026921552110273
Author(s):  
Fengyi Wang ◽  
Rengang Zhang ◽  
Jiaqi Zhang ◽  
Dinggen Li ◽  
Yu Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Phantom Limb Pain ◽  
Risk Of Bias ◽  
Phantom Limb ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Mirror Therapy ◽  
Limb Pain ◽  
Grade Approach

Objective: This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the effects of mirror therapy on phantom limb sensation and phantom limb pain in amputees. Data sources: Nine electronic databases (PubMed, EMBASE, MEDLINE, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library, CINAHL, PsycInfo, PreQuest, PEDro) were searched from their inception to May 10th, 2021. Methods: Two authors independently selected relevant studies and extracted the data. The effect sizes were calculated under a random-effects model meta-analysis, and heterogeneity was assessed using the I2 test. The risk of bias was evaluated by the Cochrane risk of bias tool, and the methodological quality was appraised by the PEDro scale. The GRADE approach was applied to assess the confidence of the effect. Results: A total of 11 RCTs involving 491 participants were included in this review and nine RCTs involving 372 participants were included in meta-analysis. The quality of these studies was from poor to good with scores ranging from 2 to 8 points according to PEDro scale. The pooled SMD showed that mirror therapy reduced the pain with a large effect size (−0.81; 95% CI = −1.36 to −0.25; P = 0.005; I2 = 82%; n = 372) compared with other methods (four covered mirror, one phantom exercise, three mental visualization, one sensorimotor exercise, one transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation, one tactile stimuli). The quality of evidence for the outcome pain intensity was determined to be fair according to GRADE approach. Conclusion: There is fair-quality evidence that MT is beneficial for reducing phantom limb pain.

Effectiveness of mirror therapy, motor imagery, and virtual feedback on phantom limb pain following amputation: A systematic review

2017 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 288-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Herrador Colmenero ◽  
Jose Manuel Perez Marmol ◽  
Celia Martí-García ◽  
María de los Ángeles Querol Zaldivar ◽  
Rosa María Tapia Haro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Motor Imagery ◽  
Visual Feedback ◽  
Methodological Quality ◽  
Internal Validity ◽  
Phantom Limb Pain ◽  
Research Quality ◽  
Phantom Limb ◽  
Mirror Therapy ◽  
Limb Pain

Background: Phantom limb pain is reported in 50%–85% of people with amputation. Clinical interventions in treating central pain, such as mirror therapy, motor imagery, or virtual visual feedback, could redound in benefits to amputee patients with phantom limb pain. Objectives: To provide an overview of the effectiveness of different techniques for treating phantom limb pain in amputee patients. Study design: Systematic review. Methods: A computerized literature search up to April 2017 was performed using the following databases: PubMed, Scopus, CINAHL, MEDLINE, ProQuest, PEDro, EBSCOhost, and Cochrane Plus. Methodological quality and internal validity score of each study were assessed using PEDro scale. For data synthesis, qualitative methods from the Cochrane Back Review Group were applied. Results: In all, 12 studies met our inclusion criteria, where 9 were rated as low methodological quality and 3 rated moderate quality. All studies showed a significant reduction in pain, but there was heterogeneity among subjects and methodologies and any high-quality clinical trial (PEDro score ≤8; internal validity score ≤5) was not found. Conclusion: Mirror therapy, motor imaginary, and virtual visual feedback reduce phantom limb pain; however, there is limited scientific evidence supporting their effectiveness. Future studies should include designs with more solid research methods, exploring short- and long-term benefits of these therapies. Clinical relevance This systematic review investigates the effectiveness of mirror therapy, motor imagery, and virtual visual feedback on phantom limb pain, summarizing the currently published trials and evaluating the research quality. Although these interventions have positive benefits in phantom limb pain, there is still a lack of evidence for supporting their effectiveness.

scholarly journals The prevalence and risk factors for phantom limb pain in people with amputations: A systematic review and meta-analysis

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (10) ◽  
pp. e0240431
Author(s):  
Katleho Limakatso ◽  
Gillian J. Bedwell ◽  
Victoria J. Madden ◽  
Romy Parker
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Phantom Limb Pain ◽  
Phantom Limb ◽  
Limb Pain

scholarly journals The prevalence and risk factors for phantom limb pain in people with amputations: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Limakatso ◽  
G. J. Bedwell ◽  
V. J. Madden ◽  
R. Parker
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Phantom Limb Pain ◽  
Phantom Limb ◽  
Limb Pain ◽  
Amputation Stump ◽  
Proximal Site

Background and objectivePhantom limb pain (PLP) is a common complication in people with limb amputations. There are conflicting reports in the literature regarding the prevalence of PLP in people with limb amputations. Therefore, this review aimed to determine the estimated pooled prevalence of PLP, and risk factors associated with this complication.MethodsArticles published between 1980 and July 2019 were identified through a systematic search of the following electronic databases: MEDLINE/PubMed, PsycINFO, PsycArticles, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Africa−Wide Information, Health Source: Nursing/Academic Edition, SCOPUS, Web of Science and Academic Search Premier. Grey literature was searched on databases for preprints. Two reviewers independently performed the screening of articles, data extraction and risk of bias assessment. The meta−analyses were conducted using the random−effects model. A statistically significant level for the analyses was set at p>0.05.ResultsThe pooling of all studies demonstrated a prevalence estimate of 63% [95% CI: 58.23−67.05] with high heterogeneity [I2=95.70% (95% CI: 95.10−96.20)]. The prevalence of PLP was significantly lower in developing countries compared to developed countries [53.98% vs 64.55%; p=0.04]. Persistent pre−operative pain, proximal site of amputation, lower limb amputation, stump pain and phantom sensations were identified as risk factors for PLP.ConclusionThis systematic review and meta−analysis estimates that six of every 10 people with an amputation report PLP − a high and important prevalence of PLP. Health care professionals ought to be aware of the high rates of PLP and implement strategies to reduce PLP by addressing known risk factors, specifically those identified by the current study.

A systematic review on the treatment of phantom limb pain with spinal cord stimulation

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rohit Aiyer ◽  
Robert L Barkin ◽  
Anurag Bhatia ◽  
Semih Gungor
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Stimulation ◽  
Phantom Limb Pain ◽  
Phantom Limb ◽  
Limb Pain

A Virtual Reality Intervention for the Treatment of Phantom Limb Pain: Development and Feasibility Results

Pain Medicine ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (10) ◽  
pp. 2051-2059 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Rutledge ◽  
Deborah Velez ◽  
Colin Depp ◽  
John R McQuaid ◽  
Garland Wong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Phantom Limb Pain ◽  
Phantom Limb ◽  
Mirror Therapy ◽  
Limb Pain ◽  
Baseline Visit ◽  
Adverse Experiences ◽  
Treatment Measures ◽  
User Ratings ◽  
Very High

Abstract Objective To describe the development of a virtual reality (VR) treatment for phantom limb pain (PLP) and phantom sensations and provide feasibility data from testing the treatment in a population of veterans. Design & Subjects Fourteen participants completed a baseline visit evaluating their amputation, PLP, and phantom sensations. Subsequently, participants completed a VR treatment modeled after mirror therapy for PLP, navigating in a VR environment with a bicycle pedaler and motion sensor to pair their cadence to a VR avatar. The VR avatar enabled visualization of the participant’s intact phantom limb in motion, a hypothesized mechanism of mirror therapy. Setting Laboratory. Methods Participants completed pre- and post-treatment measures to evaluate changes in PLP, phantom sensations, and rate helpfulness, realism, immersion, adverse experiences, and treatment satisfaction. Results Eight of 14 participants (57.1%) reported PLP pre–VR treatment, and 93% (13/14) reported one or more unpleasant phantom sensations. After treatment, 28.6% (4/14) continued to report PLP symptoms (t[13] = 2.7, P = 0.02, d = 0.53) and 28.6% (4/14) reported phantom sensations (t[13] = 4.4, P = 0.001, d = 1.7). Ratings of helpfulness, realism, immersion, and satisfaction were uniformly high to very high. There were no adverse experiences. Four participants completed multiple VR treatments, showing stable improvements in PLP intensity and phantom sensations and high user ratings. Conclusions This feasibility study of a novel VR intervention for PLP was practical and was associated with significant reductions in PLP intensity and phantom sensations. Our findings support continued research in VR-based treatments in PLP, with a need for direct comparisons between VR and more established PLP treatments.

Preamputation Mirror Therapy May Prevent Development of Phantom Limb Pain: A Case Series

2010 ◽  
Vol 110 (2) ◽  
pp. 611-614 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven R. Hanling ◽  
Scott C. Wallace ◽  
Kerry J. Hollenbeck ◽  
Brian D. Belnap ◽  
Matthew R. Tulis
Keyword(s):  
Case Series ◽  
Phantom Limb Pain ◽  
Phantom Limb ◽  
Mirror Therapy ◽  
Limb Pain
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