Comprehending emotional eating in a community sample. The role of parental rejection, peer rejection and emotion regulation

AbstractBackgroundThe causal role of childhood trauma for psychosis is well established, but the mechanisms that link trauma to psychosis are largely unknown. Since childhood trauma is known to cause difficulties in emotion regulation (ER) and patients with psychosis show impaired ER, we hypothesize that impaired ER explains why people with a background of trauma are prone to psychotic experiences.MethodsThe study used a longitudinal cohort design based on a community sample (N = 562) from Germany, Indonesia, and the United States. Childhood trauma was assessed at baseline. ER and psychotic experiences (defined as positive symptom frequency and related distress) were measured repeatedly at a 4-, 8-, and 12-month follow-up. Cross-lagged panel and longitudinal mediation analyses with structural equation modeling were used to test the predictive value of ER on psychotic experiences and its mediating role in the association of childhood trauma and psychotic experiences.ResultsThe cross-lagged paths from impaired ER to symptom distress (but not frequency) were significant. However, there was also evidence for the reverse causation from symptom frequency and distress to impaired ER. ER partially mediated the significant prospective paths from childhood trauma to symptom distress.ConclusionThe findings demonstrate that ER plays a role in translating childhood trauma into distressing psychotic experiences in later life. Moreover, the findings point to a maintenance mechanism in which difficulties in ER and symptom distress exacerbate each other. Thus, ER could be a promising target for interventions aimed at prevention of psychosis.

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Psychedelic use and intimate partner violence: The role of emotion regulation

Journal of Psychopharmacology ◽

10.1177/0269881118771782 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 32 (7) ◽

pp. 749-755 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Michelle S Thiessen ◽

Zach Walsh ◽

Brian M Bird ◽

Adele Lafrance

Keyword(s):

Intimate Partner Violence ◽

Emotion Regulation ◽

Partner Violence ◽

Physical Violence ◽

Community Sample ◽

Negative Relationship ◽

Intimate Partner ◽

Lysergic Acid ◽

Lysergic Acid Diethylamide

Background: Recent evidence suggests that psychedelic use predicts reduced perpetration of intimate partner violence among men involved in the criminal justice system. However, the extent to which this association generalizes to community samples has not been examined, and potential mechanisms underlying this association have not been directly explored. Aims: The present study examined the association between lifetime psychedelic use and intimate partner violence among a community sample of men and women. The study also tested the extent to which the associations were mediated by improved emotion regulation. Methods: We surveyed 1266 community members aged 16–70 (mean age=22.78, standard deviation =7.71) using an online questionnaire that queried substance use, emotional regulation, and intimate partner violence. Respondents were coded as psychedelic users if they reported one or more instance of using lysergic acid diethylamide and/or psilocybin mushrooms in their lifetime. Results/outcomes: Males reporting any experience using lysergic acid diethylamide and/or psilocybin mushrooms had decreased odds of perpetrating physical violence against their current partner (odds ratio=0.42, p<0.05). Furthermore, our analyses revealed that male psychedelic users reported better emotion regulation when compared to males with no history of psychedelic use. Better emotion regulation mediated the relationship between psychedelic use and lower perpetration of intimate partner violence. This relationship did not extend to females within our sample. Conclusions/interpretation: These findings extend prior research showing a negative relationship between psychedelic use and intimate partner violence, and highlight the potential role of emotion regulation in this association.

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Longitudinal Associations between Emotion Regulation and Adiposity in Late Adolescence: Indirect Effects through Eating Behaviors

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu11030517 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 517 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Lenka Shriver ◽

Jessica Dollar ◽

Meg Lawless ◽

Susan Calkins ◽

Susan Keane ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Emotion Regulation ◽

Indirect Effects ◽

Emotional Eating ◽

Eating Behaviors ◽

Dietary Restraint ◽

Self Regulation ◽

Body Composition Assessment ◽

Unhealthy Eating ◽

Prevalence Of Obesity

The prevalence of obesity among U.S. youth continues to increase, with many adolescents engaging in unhealthy eating behaviors. Increasingly, research points to the role of self-regulation in obesity development, yet existing work has largely focused on young children and/or clinical adult populations. This multi-method longitudinal study (N = 153) utilized a path analysis to delineate links between emotion regulation (age 15), emotional eating and dietary restraint (age 16), and adiposity (% body fat) using a BodPod for body composition assessment (age 19). Emotion regulation was negatively associated with emotional eating (β = −0.30, p < 0.001) and positively associated with dietary restraint (β = 0.15, p < 0.05) at age 16, but was not associated with age 19 adiposity (β = −0.01, p = ns). Emotional eating was positively associated with adiposity (β = 0.24, p < 0.01). Indirect effects suggested that emotional eating, but not dietary restraint, at age 16 serves as a mechanism that helps explain the associations between emotion regulation and adiposity four years later. Results from this study suggest that both emotion regulation and emotional eating represent promising targets for that should be included in future interventions aimed at preventing adolescent obesity.

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INTEGRATING SOCIAL COMPARISON INTO THE UNDERSTANDING OF EMOTION REGULATION IN BORDERLINE PERSONALITY

Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology ◽

10.1521/jscp.2020.39.8.727 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 39 (8) ◽

pp. 727-760

Author(s):

Kim L. Gratz ◽

Julia R. Richmond ◽

Keith A. Edmonds ◽

Jason P. Rose ◽

Matthew T. Tull

Keyword(s):

Emotion Regulation ◽

Social Interaction ◽

Social Comparison ◽

Community Sample ◽

Borderline Personality ◽

Reassurance Seeking ◽

The Social ◽

Interaction Task

Introduction: Theory and research suggest the need to expand research on emotion regulation (ER) within borderline personality disorder (BPD). This research examined the relations of BPD symptoms to interpersonal (venting, reassurance-seeking) and socially-oriented (social comparison) ER strategies (in addition to acceptance and avoidance), and explored the role of trait social comparison orientation (SCO) in these relations. Methods: In Study 1, a nationwide community sample of women completed questionnaires. In Study 2, a university sample of young women completed questionnaires and an online social interaction task (following which they reported on the strategies they used to regulate emotions during the task). Results: Results revealed significant indirect relations of BPD symptoms to venting and reassurance-seeking through trait SCO, reassurance-seeking and social comparison through upward SCO, and the in-vivo use of downward social comparison and avoidance strategies during the social interaction task through upward SCO. Discussion: Results highlight the relevance of trait SCO (particularly upward SCO) to socially-oriented ER strategies among women with heightened BPD symptoms.

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The role of emotion regulation in childhood obesity: implications for prevention and treatment

Nutrition Research Reviews ◽

10.1017/s0954422415000153 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 29 (1) ◽

pp. 17-29 ◽

Cited By ~ 41

Author(s):

E. Aparicio ◽

J. Canals ◽

V. Arija ◽

S. De Henauw ◽

N. Michels

Keyword(s):

Emotion Regulation ◽

Childhood Obesity ◽

Emotional Eating ◽

Intervention Studies ◽

Sleep Problems ◽

Healthy Lifestyle ◽

Prevention And Treatment ◽

Unhealthy Behaviour ◽

Electronic Database Search

AbstractStress and negative emotions pose a major threat to public health, by increasing the risk of obesity. Since the management process for emotions (emotion regulation; ER) is developed in childhood, we present a novel conceptual framework model for the role of ER in the prevention and treatment of childhood obesity. A narrative review of the literature by electronic database search (MEDLINE, Web of Knowledge and Scopus) was conducted of observational and interventional/experimental literature on ER and obesity and the underlying concepts. We also present an overview of ER intervention techniques. Our model indicates that childhood ER is a link between stress and obesity. Stress along with ineffective ER leads to abnormal cortisol patterns, emotional eating, sedentary lifestyle, reduction of physical activity, and sleep problems. Simultaneously, a healthy lifestyle could show benefits on ER and in developing adaptive ER strategies. In the development of obesity and ER, parents also play a role. By contrast, effective ER skills decrease obesity-related unhealthy behaviour and enhance protective factors, which boost health. The literature contains some observational studies of children but very few intervention studies, most of which are pilot or on-going studies. In conclusion, encouraging effective ER could be a useful new approach for combating and treating childhood obesity. Future ER intervention studies are needed to confirm the validity of this model in children.

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Empathic emotion regulation in prosocial behavior and altruism

10.31234/osf.io/ds3gc ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Kristin M. Brethel-Haurwitz ◽

Maria Stoianova ◽

Abigail Marsh

Keyword(s):

Emotion Regulation ◽

Negative Affect ◽

Prosocial Behavior ◽

Emotional Regulation ◽

Community Sample ◽

Positive And Negative Affect ◽

Prosocial Motivation ◽

Donation Behavior ◽

Independent Effects

The emotions evoked in response to others’ distress are important for motivating concerned prosocial responses. But how various forms of emotional regulation shape prosocial responding is not yet well understood. When does regulation of empathy lead to prosocial motivation versus personal distress or apathy? We tested the role of empathic emotion regulation in promoting prosocial motivation and costly donations across two studies, first in a community sample and then in a sample of altruistic kidney donors and a matched comparison sample. Participants engaged in hopeful and distancing reappraisals while viewing images of others in distress, then decided whether to help by donating a portion of a monetary endowment to charity. Whereas hope was expected to evoke approach-based motivation indexed by increased donations, distance was expected to evoke avoidance-based motivation indexed by decreased donations. It was hypothesized that varying effects of the two reappraisals on positive and negative affect would influence donation decisions. Across both studies, both reappraisals decreased negative affect. Hopeful reappraisal also increased positive affect. Instructed reappraisal also altered donation behavior in the community sample: here, hopeful reappraisal resulted in higher donations than distancing reappraisal. Altruists were more prosocial overall, but the associations between affect and donation behavior in this group mirrored that of the hopeful reappraisal in the larger community sample, suggesting that altruists might adopt a more hopeful and compassionate appraisal by default. These findings further clarify the role of empathic emotion regulation in prosocial behavior and also independent effects of positive and negative affect.

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