Biochemical characteristics of cover crop litter affect the soil food web, organic matter decomposition, and regulation of plant-parasitic nematodes in a banana field soil

ENY-056, an 8-page fact sheet by R. Krueger, K. E. Dover, R. McSorley, and K. -H. Wang, introduces homeowners to the problem of root-knot nematodes, the use of marigolds as an allelopathic cover crop for nematode suppression. It describes the mode of action, planting tips, considerations, and frequently asked questions. Includes references and tables showing susceptibility of marigold varieties to root-knot and plant-parasitic nematodes in Florida. Published by the UF Department of Entomology and Nematology, August 2007. ENY-056/NG045: Marigolds (Tagetes spp.) for Nematode Management (ufl.edu)

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Occurrence and distribution of vermiform plant-parasitic nematodes and the relationship with soil factors in field pea (Pisum sativum) in North Dakota, USA

Nematology ◽

10.1163/15685411-00003225 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 21 (5) ◽

pp. 445-457 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Arjun Upadhaya ◽

Guiping Yan ◽

Julie Pasche ◽

Audrey Kalil

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Soil Properties ◽

Field Pea ◽

Parasitic Nematodes ◽

Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽

Soil Factors ◽

The Usa ◽

Nematode Abundance ◽

The Relationship ◽

Plant Parasitic

Summary Plant-parasitic nematodes restrict crop growth and cause yield loss in field pea (dry edible pea). A 4-year survey of commercial pea fields was conducted in North Dakota, one of the leading producers of field pea in the USA, to investigate nematode distribution, prevalence, abundance and association with soil properties. Beginning in 2014, a total of 243 soil samples were collected from 16 counties, and soil properties of 115 samples were analysed to determine the association of nematodes with soil factors (texture, organic matter, nutrients). The plant-parasitic nematode genera, Paratylenchus (absolute frequency = 58-100%; mean density = 470-1550 (200 g soil)−1; greatest density = 7114 (200 g soil)−1) and Tylenchorhynchus (30-80%; 61-261; 1980, respectively), were the most frequent and widely distributed. Pratylenchus and Helicotylenchus were identified in one-third of the counties surveyed with mean densities ranging from 43 to 224 and 36 to 206 (200 g soil)−1, respectively. Xiphinema was found relatively frequently but at low densities. Hoplolaimus and Paratrichodorus were rarely detected at lower densities. Canonical correspondence analysis revealed that soil factors explained 19% of the total variance of nematode genera abundance. The relationship between nematode abundance and soil sand content and pH was significant, while clay, silt, organic matter and nutrients were not significantly related to nematode abundance. This is the first multi-year study investigating nematodes associated with field peas and their relationship with soil factors in a major field pea production region of the USA.

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Effects of organic and inorganic fertilization with bio-inoculants on the sustainable management of plant-parasitic nematodes infesting okra (Abelmoschus esculentus)

Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca ◽

10.15835/nbha49412544 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 49 (4) ◽

pp. 12544

Author(s):

Safiuddin ANSARI ◽

Gufran AHMAD ◽

Abeer ELHAKEM ◽

Rose RIZVI ◽

Sartaj A. TIYAGI ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Parasitic Nematodes ◽

Residual Soil ◽

Neem Seed ◽

Nitrogen Fixing ◽

Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽

Nitrogen Fixing Bacteria ◽

Seed Cake ◽

Plant Parasitic

Root-knot nematodes are believed to be amongst the biological constraints causing severe damage and a great reduction in the productivity of okra. The purpose of this study was to apply organic matter and non-symbiotic nitrogen-fixing bacteria to minimize the addition of chemical fertilizers that constantly pollute the environment. Experimental studies were conducted in the field for two summers to determine the effect of inoculations of non-symbiotic nitrogen-fixing bacteria, such as Azotobacter chroococcum and Azospirillum brasilense singly and in combinations, with different recommended doses of inorganic nitrogen as well as organic matter such as neem seed cake on the growth, yield, and organic parameters of the okra crop towards the management of plant-parasitic nematodes. The results show a significant reduction in nematode multiplication through soil application of nitrogen-fixing bacteria and neem seed cake along with different recommended doses of nitrogen inoculated plants. Azotobacter was found to be less effective than Azospirillum in agronomic parameters and nematode control. The most pronounced increases were observed in the yield and growth parameters such as plant height, fresh as well as dry weights, fruit weights/plant, number of total fruits/plant and primary branches, chlorophyll content, and ascorbic acid content when A. chroococcum and A. brasilense were added concomitantly in various combinations. Agronomic parameters such as NPK content in the plant as well as in residual soil increased considerably in almost all the combinations irrespective of these biofertilizers and neem seed cake. In conclusion, the combined application of a 100% recommended dose of nitrogen fertilizer along with Azospirillum and neem seed cake is recommended for better growth and yield of okra with better control of nematodal population.

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Plant-parasitic nematodes associated with the root zone of hop cultivars planted in a Florida field soil

Journal of Nematology ◽

10.21307/jofnem-2020-040 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 52 ◽

pp. 1-10

Author(s):

Tristan T. Watson ◽

Marco Suarez ◽

Zhanao Deng ◽

Johan A. Desaeger

Keyword(s):

Root Zone ◽

Parasitic Nematodes ◽

Field Soil ◽

Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽

Plant Parasitic

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Short-term nematode population dynamics as influenced by the quality of exogenous organic matter

Nematology ◽

10.1163/156854108x398381 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 23-38 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Ben Leroy ◽

Dirk Reheul ◽

Maurice Moens ◽

Howard Ferris ◽

Nancy De Sutter

Keyword(s):

Population Dynamics ◽

Organic Matter ◽

Organic Amendments ◽

Nematode Population ◽

Parasitic Nematodes ◽

Soil Conditions ◽

Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽

Short Term ◽

Nematode Assemblage ◽

Plant Parasitic

AbstractThe food specificity of nematodes, their high number of species and high abundance in every habitat where decomposition takes place, indicate that the structure of the nematode assemblage has a high information content. Since nematodes respond quickly to changes in soil management and since the nematode fauna can be efficiently analysed, the structure of the nematode assemblage offers an interesting instrument to assess changes in soil conditions. We studied the effect of five organic amendments on the short-term nematode population dynamics and compared them to minerally fertilised and unfertilised plots. The experiment was started in 2005, and samples were taken in spring and autumn 2006 and spring 2007. In spring 2006, no clear differences among treatments in the diversity of free-living nematodes were observed, probably since the organic amendments were applied only twice, of which the last application was carried out 7 months before the sampling. At the second and third sampling, the enrichment index in the organically amended plots was higher than in the unamended plots, owing to the organic matter application. However, in plots amended with farmyard manure and cattle slurry the number of bacterivores increased significantly, while in the compost plots the fungivorous nematodes tended to be higher. This resulted in a low channel index for the manure and slurry plots, indicating a predominant bacterial decomposition pathway, and a higher channel index in the compost plots, suggesting a greater proportion of fungal decomposition. These assumptions on the decomposition of the applied organic matter were strongly supported by the composition of the soil microbial community, determined through PLFA analysis: in the compost plots the bacteria to fungi ratio was lower than in the manure and slurry plots. At all sampling occasions there was a remarkably lower abundance of plant-parasitic nematodes in plots amended with slurry and manure, indicating a negative impact of both amendments on plant-parasitic nematodes. We can conclude from this study that the fertiliser regimes affected the nematode assemblage, but that more samplings in the future are certainly necessary to assess adequately the impact of the different organic amendments.

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Cover crops and organic mulches for nematode, weed and plant health management

Nematology ◽

10.1163/156854108783476412 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 231-242 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Koon-Hui Wang ◽

Nancy Kokalis-Burelle ◽

Robert McSorley ◽

Raymond Gallaher

Keyword(s):

Cover Crops ◽

Cover Crop ◽

Lima Bean ◽

Parasitic Nematodes ◽

Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽

Root Knot Nematodes ◽

Susceptible Host ◽

Organic Mulch ◽

Sunn Hemp ◽

Plant Parasitic

AbstractTraditional cover cropping systems for nematode management seldom consider weed and soil nutrient management concurrently. Integrating cover crops suppressive to plant-parasitic nematodes with a cover crop mulching system could improve traditional approaches. Two field experiments were conducted in 2003 and 2004 to evaluate 'Tropic Sun' sunn hemp (Crotalaria juncea) and 'Iron Clay' cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) as summer cover crops and as organic mulches. Both experiments were in a 3 × 3 split-plot design in which the main plots were summer planting of sunn hemp, cowpea or fallow, and the subplots were organic mulch of sunn hemp, cowpea or no mulch. The summer cover crop was followed by turnip (Brassica rapa) and lima bean (Phaseolus lunatus) in the autumn. Using sunn hemp as organic mulch suppressed root-knot nematodes more effectively than using it as a cover crop, but only on a less susceptible host such as turnip, and not on a very susceptible host such as lima bean. While sunn hemp as a cover crop failed to enhance beneficial free-living nematodes, sunn hemp as an organic mulch enhanced bacterial-feeding nematode population densities. Sunn hemp mulch also suppressed broadleaf weeds but not grasses or nutsedges. Although sunn hemp and cowpea cover crops did not increase lima bean N and K content, their mulches increased N and K content. Similar results were observed for turnip and lima bean yields. Population density of root-knot nematodes was positively related to abundance of omnivorous nematode in 2003. The abundance of plant-parasitic nematodes was negatively related to the infestation levels of Pasteuria penetrans, and the abundance of predatory nematodes in 2004. Factors that might have affected the performance of sunn hemp on nematode communities are discussed.

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Using marigold (Tagetes spp.) as a cover crop to protect crops from plant-parasitic nematodes

Applied Soil Ecology ◽

10.1016/j.apsoil.2010.09.005 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 46 (3) ◽

pp. 307-320 ◽

Cited By ~ 77

Author(s):

Cerruti R.R. Hooks ◽

Koon-Hui Wang ◽

Antoon Ploeg ◽

Robert McSorley

Keyword(s):

Cover Crop ◽

Parasitic Nematodes ◽

Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽

Plant Parasitic

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Influence of soil organic matter and ion concentration on some Senegalese plant-parasitic nematodes

European Journal of Soil Biology ◽

10.1016/s1164-5563(10)70005-4 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 35 (4) ◽

pp. 189-197 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Cécile Villenave ◽

Patrice Cadet

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Soil Organic Matter ◽

Ion Concentration ◽

Parasitic Nematodes ◽

Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽

Plant Parasitic

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Impacts of Sunnhemp and Piegon Pea on Plant-Parasitic Nematodes, Radopholus similis and Meloidogyne spp., and Beneficial Bacterivorous Nematodes

International Journal of Phytopathology ◽

10.33687/phytopath.004.01.1069 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 29-33

Author(s):

Valerie H. Henmi ◽

Sharadchandra P. Marahatta

Keyword(s):

Cover Crop ◽

Pigeon Pea ◽

Parasitic Nematodes ◽

Radopholus Similis ◽

Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽

Root Knot Nematode ◽

Sunn Hemp ◽

Burrowing Nematode ◽

Meloidogyne Spp ◽

Plant Parasitic

Plant-parasitic nematodes such as burrowing nematode (Radopholus similis) and root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne spp.) are dominant in the banana, Musa spp., ecosystem. Beneficial nematodes such as bacterivores are also found in banana fields. A tropical cover crop, sunn hemp (Crotalaria juncea) (SH), can be used to suppress plant-parasitic nematodes and enhance beneficial bacterivorous nematodes. However, SH cultivation in Hawaii is under the threat of the flour beetle. Thus, two experiments: Trial-I and Trial-II were conducted to compare the effects of another tropical cover crop, pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan) (PP) with SH and no-cover crop control (CC) on R. similis and Meloidogyne spp. suppression and beneficial bacterivorous nematodes enhancement. In both experiments soils infested with R. similis and Meloidogyne were sampled and amended with cover crop treatments (SH or PP) or CC and kept for two weeks. At the end of each experiment, nematodes were extracted through the Baermann funnel technique. The results of Trial-I and Trial- II showed that SH and PP did not reduce R. similis number (P 0.05). However, Meloidogyne numbers were reduced by SH and PP in Trial-I (P 0.05). In Trial II, Meloidogyne was not found in SH and PP. In both experiments, SH consistently increased beneficial bacterivorous nematodes number (P 0.05). Cover crop PP increased beneficial bacterivorous nematode numbers in Trial -I (P 0.05), but not in Trial –II (P 0.05). However, the trends associated with the numbers of beneficial nematodes were consistently higher in PP compared to CC. Farmers could choose PP as an alternate to SH, as a cover crop for Meloidogyne suppression and beneficial nematode enhancement.

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