Occurrence and distribution of vermiform plant-parasitic nematodes and the relationship with soil factors in field pea (Pisum sativum) in North Dakota, USA

Nematology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 445-457 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arjun Upadhaya ◽  
Guiping Yan ◽  
Julie Pasche ◽  
Audrey Kalil
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Field Pea ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Soil Factors ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Nematode Abundance ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Plant Parasitic

Summary Plant-parasitic nematodes restrict crop growth and cause yield loss in field pea (dry edible pea). A 4-year survey of commercial pea fields was conducted in North Dakota, one of the leading producers of field pea in the USA, to investigate nematode distribution, prevalence, abundance and association with soil properties. Beginning in 2014, a total of 243 soil samples were collected from 16 counties, and soil properties of 115 samples were analysed to determine the association of nematodes with soil factors (texture, organic matter, nutrients). The plant-parasitic nematode genera, Paratylenchus (absolute frequency = 58-100%; mean density = 470-1550 (200 g soil)−1; greatest density = 7114 (200 g soil)−1) and Tylenchorhynchus (30-80%; 61-261; 1980, respectively), were the most frequent and widely distributed. Pratylenchus and Helicotylenchus were identified in one-third of the counties surveyed with mean densities ranging from 43 to 224 and 36 to 206 (200 g soil)−1, respectively. Xiphinema was found relatively frequently but at low densities. Hoplolaimus and Paratrichodorus were rarely detected at lower densities. Canonical correspondence analysis revealed that soil factors explained 19% of the total variance of nematode genera abundance. The relationship between nematode abundance and soil sand content and pH was significant, while clay, silt, organic matter and nutrients were not significantly related to nematode abundance. This is the first multi-year study investigating nematodes associated with field peas and their relationship with soil factors in a major field pea production region of the USA.

scholarly journals Effects of organic and inorganic fertilization with bio-inoculants on the sustainable management of plant-parasitic nematodes infesting okra (Abelmoschus esculentus)

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 12544
Author(s):  
Safiuddin ANSARI ◽  
Gufran AHMAD ◽  
Abeer ELHAKEM ◽  
Rose RIZVI ◽  
Sartaj A. TIYAGI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Residual Soil ◽  
Neem Seed ◽  
Nitrogen Fixing ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Nitrogen Fixing Bacteria ◽  
Seed Cake ◽  
Plant Parasitic

Root-knot nematodes are believed to be amongst the biological constraints causing severe damage and a great reduction in the productivity of okra. The purpose of this study was to apply organic matter and non-symbiotic nitrogen-fixing bacteria to minimize the addition of chemical fertilizers that constantly pollute the environment.  Experimental studies were conducted in the field for two summers to determine the effect of inoculations of non-symbiotic nitrogen-fixing bacteria, such as Azotobacter chroococcum and Azospirillum brasilense singly and in combinations, with different recommended doses of inorganic nitrogen as well as organic matter such as neem seed cake on the growth, yield, and organic parameters of the okra crop towards the management of plant-parasitic nematodes. The results show a significant reduction in nematode multiplication through soil application of nitrogen-fixing bacteria and neem seed cake along with different recommended doses of nitrogen inoculated plants. Azotobacter was found to be less effective than Azospirillum in agronomic parameters and nematode control. The most pronounced increases were observed in the yield and growth parameters such as plant height, fresh as well as dry weights, fruit weights/plant, number of total fruits/plant and primary branches, chlorophyll content, and ascorbic acid content when A. chroococcum and A. brasilense were added concomitantly in various combinations. Agronomic parameters such as NPK content in the plant as well as in residual soil increased considerably in almost all the combinations irrespective of these biofertilizers and neem seed cake. In conclusion, the combined application of a 100% recommended dose of nitrogen fertilizer along with Azospirillum and neem seed cake is recommended for better growth and yield of okra with better control of nematodal population.

The impact of Cu, Zn and Cr salts on the relationship between insect and plant parasitic nematodes: A reduction in biocontrol efficacy

2016 ◽  
Vol 107 ◽  
pp. 108-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Sun ◽  
Guang-ying Bai ◽  
Ying-Xiao Wang ◽  
Yuan-yuan Zhang ◽  
Jie Pan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Biocontrol Efficacy ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Plant Parasitic

Distribution and community structure of plant-parasitic nematodes and their relationship with some soil properties in betel vine-growing regions of West Bengal, India

Nematology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 581-595 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandip Mondal ◽  
Prahlad Sarkar ◽  
Amit Singh ◽  
Matiyar Rahaman Khan ◽  
Abhishek Mukherjee
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Community Structure ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
West Bengal ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Piper Betle ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
The North ◽  
Plant Parasitic

Summary The distribution and community structure of plant-parasitic nematodes associated with betel (Piper betle) vine and their relationship with soil chemical properties were investigated in four major growing regions of West Bengal, India. Ordinary kriging method was applied to infer the patterns of spatial distribution of major plant-parasitic nematodes across the growing regions. Meloidogyne and Rotylenchulus were found to be the most abundant genera in betel vine crops in all growing regions. Co-inertia analysis between soil properties and nematode abundance indicated that soil chemical characters significantly affect abundances of plant-parasitic nematodes. The type of betel vine crop (sweet and bitter) also has a significant effect on the abundance of plant-parasitic nematodes, with the highest abundance of Meloidogyne reported from the bitter type of betel crop. Spatial distribution depicted a higher abundance of Meloidogyne throughout the North Bengal growing region. Root-knot and reniform nematodes are two important plant-parasitic nematodes of betel vine that might cause economic yield loss to the growers in West Bengal.

Short-term nematode population dynamics as influenced by the quality of exogenous organic matter

Nematology ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ben Leroy ◽  
Dirk Reheul ◽  
Maurice Moens ◽  
Howard Ferris ◽  
Nancy De Sutter
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Amendments ◽  
Nematode Population ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Nematode Assemblage ◽  
Plant Parasitic

AbstractThe food specificity of nematodes, their high number of species and high abundance in every habitat where decomposition takes place, indicate that the structure of the nematode assemblage has a high information content. Since nematodes respond quickly to changes in soil management and since the nematode fauna can be efficiently analysed, the structure of the nematode assemblage offers an interesting instrument to assess changes in soil conditions. We studied the effect of five organic amendments on the short-term nematode population dynamics and compared them to minerally fertilised and unfertilised plots. The experiment was started in 2005, and samples were taken in spring and autumn 2006 and spring 2007. In spring 2006, no clear differences among treatments in the diversity of free-living nematodes were observed, probably since the organic amendments were applied only twice, of which the last application was carried out 7 months before the sampling. At the second and third sampling, the enrichment index in the organically amended plots was higher than in the unamended plots, owing to the organic matter application. However, in plots amended with farmyard manure and cattle slurry the number of bacterivores increased significantly, while in the compost plots the fungivorous nematodes tended to be higher. This resulted in a low channel index for the manure and slurry plots, indicating a predominant bacterial decomposition pathway, and a higher channel index in the compost plots, suggesting a greater proportion of fungal decomposition. These assumptions on the decomposition of the applied organic matter were strongly supported by the composition of the soil microbial community, determined through PLFA analysis: in the compost plots the bacteria to fungi ratio was lower than in the manure and slurry plots. At all sampling occasions there was a remarkably lower abundance of plant-parasitic nematodes in plots amended with slurry and manure, indicating a negative impact of both amendments on plant-parasitic nematodes. We can conclude from this study that the fertiliser regimes affected the nematode assemblage, but that more samplings in the future are certainly necessary to assess adequately the impact of the different organic amendments.

Plant-parasitic nematodes in sugarcane fields in Kitadaito Island (Okinawa), Japan, as a potential sugarcane growth inhibitor

Nematology ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. 807-820 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masanori Kawanobe ◽  
Naoko Miyamaru ◽  
Koichi Yoshida ◽  
Takeshi Kawanaka ◽  
Koki Toyota
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Growth Inhibitor ◽  
Pot Experiment ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Sugarcane Plant ◽  
Seedling Biomass ◽  
Potential Damage ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Plant Parasitic

Sugarcane is the main industrial crop in Kitadaito Island (Okinawa), Japan, and the objective of this study was to estimate potential damage to sugarcane by plant-parasitic nematodes (PPN). We selected 15 sugarcane fields with the same cultivar and cropping type in Kitadaito Island. Various kinds of PPN were found in all the fields and the proportion of PPN to the total nematode number was ca 50%, which is relatively high compared to other Japanese upland fields. Lesion (Pratylenchus sp.), stunt (Tylenchorhynchus sp.) and spiral (Helicotylenchus sp.) nematodes were detected at mean densities of 48, 22 and 6 (20 g soil)−1, respectively, from all the fields, and lance (Hoplolaimus sp.) and ring nematodes from half of the fields. The results suggested that sugarcane fields in Kitadaito Island were ubiquitously infested with a variety of PPN with a relatively high abundance. One of the fields was studied further to examine the potential relationship between PPN and sugarcane plant growth. Since no nematicide is registered for sugarcane fields in Japan, an appropriate agrochemical was selected by testing its efficacy against PPN before evaluating the relationship between a PPN community and sugarcane growth. The results of a 10-week pot experiment for sugarcane growth showed that the number of PPN decreased by applying a nematicide fosthiazate, and that sugarcane seedling biomass was significantly greater by 34-63% in soils with applied nematicide than in non-applied control soils, suggesting that PPN may suppress sugarcane growth in Kitadaito Island.

scholarly journals Diversity and Management Strategies of Plant Parasitic Nematodes in Moroccan Organic Farming and Their Relationship with Soil Physico-Chemical Properties

Agriculture ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 447
Author(s):  
Ghizlane Krif ◽  
Fouad Mokrini ◽  
Aicha El Aissami ◽  
Salah-Eddine Laasli ◽  
Mustafa Imren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Organic Farming ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Organic Farming Systems ◽  
Plant Parasitic

Organic farming has been increasing steadily over the last decade and is expected to grow drastically in the future. Plant parasitic nematodes (PPNs) are known as one of the most important pests attacking various plants in conventional and organic farming systems. A survey was conducted in January 2019 to determine the occurrence and diversity of PPNs, their associations with soil properties, and to assess their management methods in organically farmed fields in Southern Morocco. Twelve genera of PPNs were identified in soil and root samples collected from 53 organic fields, including Meloidogyne, Pratylenchus, Helicotylenchus, Tylenchus, Tylenchorynchus, Criconemoides, Trichodorus, and Xiphinema. The root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) and the root-lesion nematode (Pratylenchus spp.) were the most prevalent PPNs. Vegetable crops (bean, onion, and tomato) had high nematode diversity indices compared to some aromatic and medicinal crops, including the Shannon, Evenness, and plant parasitic index (PPI). Our study underlined that several PPN genera were significantly correlated with soil physico-chemical properties, in particular, soil structure and organic matter. Therefore, it was concluded that soil properties have a considerable impact on PPN communities in organic farming systems located in Southern Morocco. There are numerous strategies for the control of PPNs in organic farming systems.

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