scholarly journals Economic impact of predatory piscivorous birds on small-scale aquaculture farms in Kenya

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 100220
Author(s):  
Nickson Erick Otieno
Keyword(s):  
Economic Impact ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Piscivorous Birds

scholarly journals Assessing the economic impact of climate change in the small-scale aquaculture industry of Ghana, West Africa

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 26
Author(s):  
Berchie Asiedu ◽  
Dickson Malcolm ◽  
Seidu Iddrisu
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Economic Impact ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Extreme Temperature ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Fish Farms ◽  
Impact Of Climate Change ◽  
Aquaculture Industry ◽  
The Impact

Background: Aquaculture in Ghana is very profitable, but faces sustainability challenges. This paper assessed the impact pathways by which climate change affects the production and profitability of small-scale aquaculture in Ghana. The study analyzed and compared the economic value of smallholder fish farms with and without the incidence of climatic parameters. Methods: Simple random sampling and purposive sampling techniques were used to select the study area and farms. A total of 30 farmers were interviewed using a questionnaire-based interview. Additionally, using document analysis, observation, and data on farms’ production input and output values, the economic impact of climate change on fish farms was assessed. Results: Extreme temperatures, erratic rainfall, floods, drought, storm and erosion are prevalent in fish farms. Available data shows a decrease of 53.4% of small-scale revenue, a 6.9% reduction in small-scale aquaculture value from GH¢ 1,200,000 to GH¢ 83,000, reducing fish supply by 25%. The findings indicate that the profitability, economic value, and livelihoods of the small-scale aquaculture industry is greatly affected by changes in climate. The incidence of floods, drought, erratic rainfall, erosion, and extreme temperature synergistically induce poverty. The implication on the livelihoods of fish farming households is very alarming and poses a serious threat to food security in the country. Conclusion: Based on the findings, this study concludes that; floods, rainfall temperature, and drought are the major climatic factors affecting the profitability and sustainability of the pond aquaculture industry. The preliminary recommendation is that there is an urgent need to map out flood-free zones close to perennial water bodies to overcome floods and droughts. Planting trees around ponds to create a micro-ecologies ideal for fish culture and also the construction of water storage facilities and proper dyke design would overcome drought and erosion issues. The adaptive capacity of fish-farmers must be built.

scholarly journals Diversion and liaison services in England and Wales for mentally disorder offenders – a narrative review

BJPsych Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (S1) ◽  
pp. S271-S272
Author(s):  
Patrick McLaughlin
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Economic Impact ◽  
Financial Burden ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
The United States ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
Geographical Variations ◽  
D Model

AimsTo critically examine the development of L&D services in England and Wales and critically appraise their evidence base.BackgroundHigh levels of morbidity across the criminal justice pathway are well established. Although the strongest evidence has emerged from prison studies, the court literature also confirms these high levels. In acknowledgment of this, there have been a range of initiatives to improve access to services for mentally ill individuals involved with the criminal justice system. Once such initiative has been the development of court liaison and diversion services (L&D).MethodRelevant literature was identified through a search of the following databases: PubMed, EMBASE, and PsycINFO. Data were appraised and synthesised to provide a comprehensive overview of the development of L&D services and their evidence base.ResultThe provision of L&D services has increased substantially since their first introduction in England and Wales in 1989. Early L&D services were largely small-scale, unfunded local schemes, and were dependent upon the energy and interest of clinicians who chose to lead in this area. This led to geographical variations in provision and variations in L&D model delivery. The Bradley Report (2009) recommended that a national L&D model be created. The roll-out of a national L&D model meant that half the population of England was covered by 2015, with funding assured for a final wave of L&D services to provide for total population coverage.Where implemented, L&D services have been shown to lead to increased numbers of local team referrals. They may reduce court adjournments and the overall amount of time spent attending court. There is also some evidence of an association with improved mental health among both adults and young people, with reductions in re-conviction rates amongst the later. There remain deficiencies in the evidence base with regards to the economic impact of L&D services. The majority of economic assessments of L&D services have been performed in the United States with fewer studies in the UK.ConclusionAlthough there is evidence that liaison and diversion can produce benefits, there is a general recognition that a higher standard of evidence is required, including experimental work and assessment of economic impact. L&D services carry a financial burden, but this may be offset by incorporating the value of the health improvements that may be brought in those who might otherwise not have received treatment.

scholarly journals Assessing the economic impact of climate change in the small-scale aquaculture industry of Ghana, West Africa

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Berchie Asiedu ◽  
Dickson Malcolm ◽  
Seidu Iddrisu
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Economic Impact ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Extreme Temperature ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Fish Farms ◽  
Impact Of Climate Change ◽  
Aquaculture Industry ◽  
The Impact

Background: Aquaculture in Ghana is very profitable, but faces sustainability challenges. This paper assessed the impact pathways by which climate change affects the production and profitability of small-scale aquaculture in Ghana. The study analyzed and compared the economic value of smallholder fish farms with and without the incidence of climatic parameters. Methods: Simple random sampling and purposive sampling techniques were used to select the study area and farms. A total of 30 farmers were interviewed using a questionnaire-based interview. Additionally, using document analysis, observation, and data on farms’ production input and output values, the economic impact of climate change on fish farms was assessed. Results: Extreme temperatures, erratic rainfall, floods, drought, storm and erosion are prevalent in fish farms. Available data shows a decrease of 53.4% of small-scale revenue, a 6.9% reduction in small-scale aquaculture value from GH¢ 83,000 to GH¢ 120,000 reducing fish supply by 25%. The findings indicate that the profitability, economic value, and livelihoods of the small-scale aquaculture industry is greatly affected by changes in climate. The incidence of floods, drought, erratic rainfall, erosion, and extreme temperature synergistically induce poverty. The implication on the livelihoods of fish farming households is very alarming and poses a serious threat to food security in the country. Conclusion: Based on the findings, this study concludes that; floods, rainfall temperature, and drought are the major climatic factors affecting the profitability and sustainability of the pond aquaculture industry. The preliminary recommendation is that there is an urgent need to map out flood-free zones close to perennial water bodies to overcome floods and droughts. Planting trees around ponds to create a micro-ecologies ideal for fish culture and also the construction of water storage facilities and proper dyke design would overcome drought and erosion issues. The adaptive capacity of fish-farmers must be built.

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