Using marker data in conventional breeding programmes: A case of study in selective breeding programs of scallops

Aquaculture ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 272 ◽  
pp. S287
Author(s):  
V.A. Martinez
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Low ◽  
Per Eksell ◽  
Kjell Högström ◽  
Ulrika Olsson ◽  
Lars Audell ◽  
...  

AbstractFeline hip dysplasia (FHD) is a debilitating condition affecting the hip joints of millions of domestic cats worldwide. Despite this, little is known about FHD except that it is relatively common in the large breed Maine Coon. We used 20 years of data from 5038 pedigree-registered Maine Coon cats in a radiographic health screening programme for FHD to determine, for the first time, its heritability, genetic correlation to body mass and response to selection. FHD prevalence was 37.4%, with no sex predilection; however, FHD severity increased with age and body mass. Heritability of the radiographic categories used to classify FHD severity was 0.36 (95%CI: 0.30–0.43). The severity of FHD symptoms was also genetically correlated with body mass (0.285), suggesting that selection for a large body type in this breed concurrently selects for FHD. Support for this was found by following generational responses to selective breeding against FHD. Not only did selective breeding successfully reduce the severity of FHD symptoms in descendants, but these cats were also smaller than their ancestors (−33g per generation). This study highlights the value of breeding programmes against FHD and cautions against breed standards that actively encourage large bodied cats.


2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 242-243
Author(s):  
Oleg Fomenko ◽  
Sergey N Petrov

Abstract The Karachaev goat is an indigenous breed that possesses unique features including significantly less fat deposition in the body compared to sheep and cattle, ability to graze at an altitude of up to 1200 meters and to produce fertile hybrids with wild relatives. To understand the genetic diversity and population structure of hybrids between domestic Karachaev goats (Capra hircus) and The West Caucasian tur (Capra caucasica) 143 individuals were analyzed using 10 microsatellites panel. Sample were analyzed according to the manufacturer’s recommendations on an automatic sequencer, ABI 3130XL genetic analyzer (Applied Biosystems). Genetic diversity was calculated using GenAlEx 6.503 software. Genotyping of ten microsatellite loci in hybrid forms of Karachaev goats and turs detected 106 alleles in total. Na values ranged from five (INR063) to seventeen (SRCRSO008), averaging 10.6 alleles per locus across the 10 loci. All loci were polymorphic. The average number of alleles was 10.6 alleles per locus. This is higher than the similar indicator obtained by Kharzinova et al. (2019) in populations of Soviet wool, Tajik wool, Orenburg downy, Alpine and Zaanen dairy breeds of goats, studied using the panel of same 10 STR-markers (9.3 loci). Other key indexes of genetic diversity could be found in table 1. The values of the coefficient FIS suggest the absence of related mating in the herd. Information on genotypic variability of Karachaev goats hybrid forms obtained here will contribute into the breeding programs improvement and to preservation of existing native breeds.


2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 1287-1307 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hervé Chavanne ◽  
◽  
Kasper Janssen ◽  
Johann Hofherr ◽  
Franca Contini ◽  
...  

2011 ◽  
Vol 91 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shanoor Hossain ◽  
Joe Panozzo ◽  
Chris Pittock ◽  
Rebecca Ford

Hossain, S., Panozzo, J. F., Pittock, C. and Ford, R. 2011. Quantitative trait loci analysis of seed coat color components for selective breeding in chickpea (Cicer arietinumL.). Can. J. Plant Sci. 91: 49–55. Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is an annual grain legume, grown worldwide for human consumption with the potential to attract premium prices in markets such as India, Bangladesh and southern Asia. The ability to accurately select for seed coat color, an important export quality trait, would greatly benefit chickpea breeding programs. In order to determine the major genomic loci governing the color trait, the color components of CIE L* (luminance), CIE a* (red/green color) and CIE b* (blue/yellow color), C* (chroma or saturation of the color) and h° (hue or purity of the color) were mapped, and associated molecular markers were identified. A linkage map was constructed with 80 SSR markers distributed over 10 linkage groups at an average marker density of 2.8 cM. Two major quantitative trait loci (QTL), which accounted for up to 36 and 49% of the genetic variance and several smaller genetic effects were determined to govern the color components. These were consistent across two differing environments. Once validated, the markers that are close to and flanking these QTL and significantly associated with the minor gene effects will be useful in future color selective breeding programs.


2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qian You ◽  
Liping Xu ◽  
Yifeng Zheng ◽  
Youxiong Que

Sugarcane is the most important sugar and bioenergy crop in the world. The selection and combination of parents for crossing rely on an understanding of their genetic structures and molecular diversity. In the present study, 115 sugarcane genotypes used for parental crossing were genotyped based on five genomic simple sequence repeat marker (gSSR) loci and 88 polymorphic alleles of loci (100%) as detected by capillary electrophoresis. The values of genetic diversity parameters across the populations indicate that the genetic variation intrapopulation (90.5%) was much larger than that of interpopulation (9.5%). Cluster analysis revealed that there were three groups termed as groups I, II, and III within the 115 genotypes. The genotypes released by each breeding programme showed closer genetic relationships, except the YC series released by Hainan sugarcane breeding station. Using principle component analysis (PCA), the first and second principal components accounted for a cumulative 76% of the total variances, in which 43% were for common parents and 33% were for new parents, respectively. The knowledge obtained in this study should be useful to future breeding programs for increasing genetic diversity of sugarcane varieties and cultivars to meet the demand of sugarcane cultivation for sugar and bioenergy use.


Aquaculture ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 472 ◽  
pp. 30-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Saura ◽  
B. Villanueva ◽  
J. Fernández ◽  
M.A. Toro

2009 ◽  
Vol 138 (3) ◽  
pp. 384-392 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. M. McINTYRE ◽  
H. TREWBY ◽  
S. GUBBINS ◽  
M. BAYLIS

SUMMARYThe risk of classical scrapie in sheep is associated with polymorphisms in the prion protein (PrP) gene. In recent years, large-scale selective breeding programmes for sheep at lower risk of disease have been undertaken across the European Union. We analysed large-scale datasets on scrapie and sheep demography to investigate additional effects of sheep breed on scrapie risk. There was evidence for variation between certain breeds in the scrapie risk of some PrP genotypes, which could be caused by innate breed differences or distinct scrapie strains circulating within them. While the PrP genotypes of cases are generally consistent across breeds, some exceptions provide evidence that scrapie strain may influence affected PrP genotypes to a greater extent than innate breed differences. There was a significant association between the breed-level incidence of scrapie and the frequency of susceptible PrP genotypes in breeds. Our results lend support to selective breeding programmes which aim to reduce the frequency of high-risk PrP genotypes with measures not varying by sheep breed.


Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document