Topical application of phenytoin or nifedipine-loaded PLGA microspheres promotes periodontal regeneration in vivo

This systematic review evaluated the transplantation of cells derived from adipose tissue for applications in dentistry. SCOPUS, PUBMED and LILACS databases were searched for in vitro studies and pre-clinical animal model studies using the keywords “ADIPOSE”, “CELLS”, and “PERIODONTAL”, with the Boolean operator “AND”. A total of 160 titles and abstracts were identified, and 29 publications met the inclusion criteria, 14 in vitro and 15 in vivo studies. In vitro studies demonstrated that adipose- derived cells stimulate neovascularization, have osteogenic and odontogenic potential; besides adhesion, proliferation and differentiation on probable cell carriers. Preclinical studies described improvement of bone and periodontal healing with the association of adipose-derived cells and the carrier materials tested: Platelet Rich Plasma, Fibrin, Collagen and Synthetic polymer. There is evidence from the current in vitro and in vivo data indicating that adipose-derived cells may contribute to bone and periodontal regeneration. The small quantity of studies and the large variation on study designs, from animal models, cell sources and defect morphology, did not favor a meta-analysis. Additional studies need to be conducted to investigate the regeneration variability and the mechanisms of cell participation in the processes. An overview of animal models, cell sources, and scaffolds, as well as new perspectives are provided for future bone and periodontal regeneration study designs.

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Topical Application of Double-Stranded RNA Targeting 2b and CP Genes of Cucumber mosaic virus Protects Plants against Local and Systemic Viral Infection

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants10050963 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (5) ◽

pp. 963

Author(s):

Maria C. Holeva ◽

Athanasios Sklavounos ◽

Rajendran Rajeswaran ◽

Mikhail M. Pooggin ◽

Andreas E. Voloudakis

Keyword(s):

Cucumber Mosaic Virus ◽

Mosaic Virus ◽

Topical Application ◽

Plant Virus ◽

Plant Protection ◽

Post Inoculation ◽

Tobacco Plants ◽

Double Stranded Rna

Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) is a destructive plant virus with worldwide distribution and the broadest host range of any known plant virus, as well as a model plant virus for understanding plant–virus interactions. Since the discovery of RNA interference (RNAi) as a major antiviral defense, RNAi-based technologies have been developed for plant protection against viral diseases. In plants and animals, a key trigger of RNAi is double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) processed by Dicer and Dicer-like (DCL) family proteins in small interfering RNAs (siRNAs). In the present study, dsRNAs for coat protein (CP) and 2b genes of CMV were produced in vitro and in vivo and applied onto tobacco plants representing a systemic solanaceous host as well as on a local host plant Chenopodium quinoa. Both dsRNA treatments protected plants from local and systemic infection with CMV, but not against infection with unrelated viruses, confirming sequence specificity of antiviral RNAi. Antiviral RNAi was effective when dsRNAs were applied simultaneously with or four days prior to CMV inoculation, but not four days post inoculation. In vivo-produced dsRNAs were more effective than the in vitro-produced; in treatments with in vivo dsRNAs, dsRNA-CP was more effective than dsRNA-2b, while the effects were opposite with in vitro dsRNAs. Illumina sequencing of small RNAs from in vivo dsRNA-CP treated and non-treated tobacco plants revealed that interference with CMV infection in systemic leaves coincides with strongly reduced accumulation of virus-derived 21- and 22-nucleotide (nt) siRNAs, likely generated by tobacco DCL4 and DCL2, respectively. While the 21-nt class of viral siRNAs was predominant in non-treated plants, 21-nt and 22-nt classes accumulated at almost equal (but low) levels in dsRNA treated plants, suggesting that dsRNA treatment may boost DCL2 activity. Taken together, our findings confirm the efficacy of topical application of dsRNA for plant protection against viruses and shed more light on the mechanism of antiviral RNAi.

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Contribution of ATR/FT-IR Spectroscopy for Studying the in vivo Behavior of Octylmethoxycinnamate (OMC) after Topical Application

Applied Spectroscopy ◽

10.1366/0003702011953432 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 55 (9) ◽

pp. 1173-1180 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

C. Laugel ◽

C. Do Nascimento ◽

D. Ferrier ◽

J. P. Marty ◽

A. Baillet

Keyword(s):

Ir Spectroscopy ◽

Topical Application ◽

Ft Ir ◽

Ft Ir Spectroscopy

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Skin oxygenation after topical application of liposome-entrapped benzyl nicotinate as measured by EPR oximetry in vivo: Influence of composition and size

AAPS PharmSci ◽

10.1208/ps050102 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 19-27 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Julijana Kristl ◽

Zrinka Abramovié ◽

Marjeta Šentjure

Keyword(s):

Topical Application ◽

Epr Oximetry ◽

Benzyl Nicotinate

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Cartilage Extracellular Matrix Scaffold With Kartogenin-Encapsulated PLGA Microspheres for Cartilage Regeneration

Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology ◽

10.3389/fbioe.2020.600103 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

Author(s):

Yanhong Zhao ◽

Xige Zhao ◽

Rui Zhang ◽

Ying Huang ◽

Yunjie Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Extracellular Matrix ◽

Composite Scaffold ◽

Rabbit Model ◽

Cartilage Tissue ◽

Cartilage Defects ◽

Specific Marker ◽

Molecular Compound ◽

Plga Microspheres

Repair of articular cartilage defects is a challenging aspect of clinical treatment. Kartogenin (KGN), a small molecular compound, can induce the differentiation of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) into chondrocytes. Here, we constructed a scaffold based on chondrocyte extracellular matrix (CECM) and poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) microspheres (MP), which can slowly release KGN, thus enhancing its efficiency. Cell adhesion, live/dead staining, and CCK-8 results indicated that the PLGA(KGN)/CECM scaffold exhibited good biocompatibility. Histological staining and quantitative analysis demonstrated the ability of the PLGA(KGN)/CECM composite scaffold to promote the differentiation of BMSCs. Macroscopic observations, histological tests, and specific marker analysis showed that the regenerated tissues possessed characteristics similar to those of normal hyaline cartilage in a rabbit model. Use of the PLGA(KGN)/CECM scaffold may mimic the regenerative microenvironment, thereby promoting chondrogenic differentiation of BMSCs in vitro and in vivo. Therefore, this innovative composite scaffold may represent a promising approach for acellular cartilage tissue engineering.

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