The data-based mechanistic approach to the modelling, forecasting and control of environmental systems

The collected essays in To Fix or to Heal examine the persistence of reductionistic approaches to medicine and public health. Despite widespread discontent with such approaches and good reasons to turn toward a more “holistic” model, an individualistic and mechanistic approach has survived decades of criticism. Indeed, reductionistic forces have grown stronger since the classic critiques of the 1960s and 70s. Besides describing the persistence of this approach in various spheres, and showing why it is so problematic, the book offers an account for why reductionism has persisted, and why more richly human models have not gained much traction. The reasons include the moral appeal of reductionism (whose apparent value neutrality is in itself a powerful source of authority for defining value); the larger “rationalist dream” of technological mastery, a dream as old as the Scientific Revolution; the growing valuation of “health”; and the focus on individual responsibility as a seemingly non-coercive means of intervention and control. To Fix or Heal also identifies avenues of criticism that could be furthered if medical practice, bioethics, and public health were more faithful to their original goals.

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KECENDERUNGAN KEBAKARAN HUTAN DAN LAHAN DAN ALTERNATIF PENGENDALIAN BERBASIS KEMITRAAN DI PT. INHUTANI II KOTABARU Trend of Forest and Land Fire and Control Alternative Based on Partnership at PT. Inhutani II Kotabaru

Jurnal Hutan Tropis ◽

10.20527/jht.v5i3.4789 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 5 (3) ◽

pp. 222

Author(s):

Mahrus Aryadi ◽

Trisnu Satriadi ◽

Syam’ani Syam’ani

Keyword(s):

Forest Fires ◽

Fire Control ◽

Community Group ◽

The Road ◽

Cultural Aspects ◽

Systems Research ◽

Environmental Systems ◽

Gis Software ◽

And Control ◽

Research Institute

Kebakaran hutan dan lahan di Indonesia telah menyebabkan kerugian yang luar biasa, baik dari aspek ekologi, ekonomi dan sosial budaya. Penelitian ini menggali kecendrungan kebakaran hutan dan lahan dengan pendekatan spasial dan penyebab kebakaran hutan dan secara empiris serta alternatif pengendaliannya. Metode yang digunakan perangkat lunak SIG, yaitu ArcGIS for Desktop 10.3.1 yang disediakan oleh Environmental Systems Research Institute (ESRI), wawancara mendalam dan observasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa hotspot berkorelasi positif, semakin dekat dengan jaringan jalan, intensitas atau jumlah kejadian kebakaran akan semakin besar, dan kecendrungan kebakaran hutan dan lahan berbentuk acak dari waktu ke waktu yang disebabkan oleh adanya pembukaan lahan-lahan baru untuk kepentingan perladangan. Penyebab kebakaran hutan dan lahan adalah aktivitas perladangan, akses jalan dan iklim. Alternatif Pengendalian Kebakaran Hutan berbasis Kemitraan, yaitu membangun kerjasama dengan kelompok masyarakat peladang sistem “Pembukaan Ladang Terkendali”, melibatkan parapihak yakni aparat desa, aparat kecamatan dan aparat kepolisian setempat serta KPHP.Kata kunci: kebakaran; hutan dan lahan; kemitraanForest and land fires in Indonesia have caused tremendous losses, both from the ecological, economic and socio-cultural aspects. This study explores the trend of forest and land fires with spatial approaches and causes of forest fires through empiricall method as well as alternative controls. The method used GIS software, ArcGIS for Desktop 10.3.1 provided by the Environmental Systems Research Institute (ESRI), in-depth interviews and observation. The results show that the hotspots are positively correlated, the closer to the road network, the greater the intensity or number of fires, and the tendency of forest fires and randomly shaped land from time to time due to the opening of new lands for shifting cultivation. Causes of forest and land fires are the activities of cultivation, road access and climate. Alternative Forest Fire Control based on Partnership, which is to build cooperation with community group farmer system “Pembukaan Lahan Terkendali”, involving stakeholders that is village apparatus, subdistrict apparatus and local police apparatus and KPHP.

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