Regarding “Reaction Time and Brake Pedal Depression After Arthroscopic Hip Surgery in a Prospective Case-Control Study”

Background: Placenta plays a very important role in the growth and development of fetus. Objective: To know the correlation between placental weight and perinatal outcome in term antenatal women. Methods: Present prospective case-control study was conducted in the rural tertiary center of Northern India over one year (January-December 2018) on 1,118 term (≥37-≤42 weeks) antenatal women with singleton pregnancy fulfilling inclusion criteria with 559 women with high-risk pregnancy as cases and 559 low-risk pregnant women as controls. Placental weight, birth weight was measured immediately after delivery and compared between the two groups along with gestation, parity, fetal gender, and neonatal outcome. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS 22 version. Results: Mean placental weight [481.98±67.83 gm vs. 499.47±59.59 gm (p=.000)] and birth weight [2.68±0.53 Kg vs. 2.88±0.4 Kg (p=.000)] was significantly lower in high risk as compared to lowrisk participants, whereas placental birth weight ratio was higher in high-risk cases [18.35±2.37 vs. 17.41±1.38 (p=.000)] respectively. Placental weight was positively correlated with birth weight and placental weight and birth weight increased with increasing gestation in both cases and controls. Male neonates had higher placental weight [492.74±68.24 gm vs. 488±58.8 gm (p=0.224)] and birth weight [2.81±0.5 Kg vs. 2.74±0.45 Kg (p=0.033)] as compared to females. Neonatal Intensive Care Unit admission was significantly associated with low placental and birth weight (p=.000). Conclusion: There is a significant correlation between placental weight, birth weight and neonatal outcome, hence placental weight can be used as an indirect indicator of intrauterine fetal growth.

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Nasal Mucociliary Clearance in Prolonged Tracheostomy Patients: A Prospective Case–Control Study

Indian Journal of Otolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery ◽

10.1007/s12070-021-02625-6 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Prerit Rao ◽

Rohit Singh ◽

R. Balakrishnan ◽

Dipak Ranjan Nayak

Keyword(s):

Mucociliary Clearance ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Case Control ◽

Control Study ◽

Nasal Mucociliary Clearance ◽

Prospective Case Control Study

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Correlating cognition and cortical excitability with pain in fibromyalgia: a case control study

Advances in Rheumatology ◽

10.1186/s42358-021-00163-x ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 61 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Vikas Kumar Tiwari ◽

Srishti Nanda ◽

Suvercha Arya ◽

Uma Kumar ◽

Ratna Sharma ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Reaction Time ◽

Sleep Quality ◽

Daytime Sleepiness ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Color Word ◽

Case Control ◽

Corticomotor Excitability ◽

Word Task ◽

Control Study

Abstract Background Fibromyalgia is a chronic pain disorder characterized by widespread musculoskeletal symptoms, primarily attributed to sensitization of somatosensory system carrying pain. Few reports have investigated the impact of fibromyalgia symptoms on cognition, corticomotor excitability, sleepiness, and the sleep quality — all of which can deteriorate the quality of life in fibromyalgia. However, the existing reports are underpowered and have conflicting directions of findings, limiting their generalizability. Therefore, the present study was designed to compare measures of cognition, corticomotor excitability, sleepiness, and sleep quality using standardized instruments in the recruited patients of fibromyalgia with pain-free controls. Methods Diagnosed cases of fibromyalgia were recruited from the Rheumatology department for the cross-sectional, case-control study. Cognition (Mini-Mental State Examination, Stroop color-word task), corticomotor excitability (Resting motor threshold, Motor evoked potential amplitude), daytime sleepiness (Epworth sleepiness scale), and sleep quality (Pittsburgh sleep quality index) were studied according to the standard procedure. Results Thirty-four patients of fibromyalgia and 30 pain-free controls were recruited for the study. Patients of fibromyalgia showed decreased cognitive scores (p = 0.05), lowered accuracy in Stroop color-word task (for color: 0.02, for word: 0.01), and prolonged reaction time (< 0.01, < 0.01). Excessive daytime sleepiness in patients were found (< 0.01) and worsened sleep quality (< 0.01) were found. Parameters of corticomotor excitability were comparable between patients of fibromyalgia and pain-free controls. Conclusions Patients of fibromyalgia made more errors, had significantly increased reaction time for cognitive tasks, marked daytime sleepiness, and impaired quality of sleep. Future treatment strategies may include cognitive deficits and sleep disturbances as an integral part of fibromyalgia management.

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