Estimation of particle mass concentration in ambient air using a particle counter

2008 ◽  
Vol 42 (36) ◽  
pp. 8543-8548 ◽  
Author(s):  
A TITTARELLI ◽  
A BORGINI ◽  
M BERTOLDI ◽  
E DESAEGER ◽  
A RUPRECHT ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Concentration ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Particle Mass ◽  
Particle Counter ◽  
Particle Mass Concentration

scholarly journals Simulation of Volcanic Ash Ingestion Into a Large Aero Engine: Particle–Fan Interactions

2018 ◽  
Vol 141 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Vogel ◽  
Adam J. Durant ◽  
Massimo Cassiani ◽  
Rory J. Clarkson ◽  
Michal Slaby ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Stream Flow ◽  
Mass Concentration ◽  
Volcanic Ash ◽  
Particle Mass ◽  
Core Flow ◽  
Turbine Engine ◽  
The Core ◽  
Core Section ◽  
Particle Mass Concentration

Volcanic ash (VA) clouds in flight corridors present a significant threat to aircraft operations as VA particles can cause damage to gas turbine engine components that lead to a reduction of engine performance and compromise flight safety. In the last decade, research has mainly focused on processes such as erosion of compressor blades and static components caused by impinging ash particles as well as clogging and/or corrosion effects of soft or molten ash particles on hot section turbine airfoils and components. However, there is a lack of information on how the fan separates ingested VA particles from the core stream flow into the bypass flow and therefore influences the mass concentration inside the engine core section, which is most vulnerable and critical for safety. In this numerical simulation study, we investigated the VA particle–fan interactions and resulting reductions in particle mass concentrations entering the engine core section as a function of particle size, fan rotation rate, and for two different flight altitudes. For this, we used a high-bypass gas-turbine engine design, with representative intake, fan, spinner, and splitter geometries for numerical computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations including a Lagrangian particle-tracking algorithm. Our results reveal that particle–fan interactions redirect particles from the core stream flow into the bypass stream tube, which leads to a significant particle mass concentration reduction inside the engine core section. The results also show that the particle–fan interactions increase with increasing fan rotation rates and VA particle size. Depending on ingested VA size distributions, the particle mass inside the engine core flow can be up to 30% reduced compared to the incoming particle mass flow. The presented results enable future calculations of effective core flow exposure or dosages based on simulated or observed atmospheric VA particle size distribution, which is required to quantify engine failure mechanisms after exposure to VA. As an example, we applied our methodology to a recent aircraft encounter during the Mt. Kelud 2014 eruption. Based on ambient VA concentrations simulated with an atmospheric particle dispersion model (FLEXPART), we calculated the effective particle mass concentration inside the core stream flow along the actual flight track and compared it with the whole engine exposure.

Simultaneous measurement on gas concentration and particle mass concentration by tunable diode laser

2010 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 382-387 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Wang ◽  
K.F. Cen ◽  
N. Li ◽  
Q.X. Huang ◽  
X. Chao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diode Laser ◽  
Simultaneous Measurement ◽  
Mass Concentration ◽  
Particle Mass ◽  
Tunable Diode Laser ◽  
Gas Concentration ◽  
Particle Mass Concentration

scholarly journals Evaluation of a low-cost optical particle counter (Alphasense OPC-N2) for ambient air monitoring

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 709-720 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leigh R. Crilley ◽  
Marvin Shaw ◽  
Ryan Pound ◽  
Louisa J. Kramer ◽  
Robin Price ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Particle Mass ◽  
Particle Counter ◽  
Optical Particle Counter ◽  
Attractive Option ◽  
Kohler Theory ◽  
Pm2.5 And Pm10 ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Mass Concentrations

Abstract. A fast-growing area of research is the development of low-cost sensors for measuring air pollutants. The affordability and size of low-cost particle sensors makes them an attractive option for use in experiments requiring a number of instruments such as high-density spatial mapping. However, for these low-cost sensors to be useful for these types of studies their accuracy and precision need to be quantified. We evaluated the Alphasense OPC-N2, a promising low-cost miniature optical particle counter, for monitoring ambient airborne particles at typical urban background sites in the UK. The precision of the OPC-N2 was assessed by co-locating 14 instruments at a site to investigate the variation in measured concentrations. Comparison to two different reference optical particle counters as well as a TEOM-FDMS enabled the accuracy of the OPC-N2 to be evaluated. Comparison of the OPC-N2 to the reference optical instruments shows some limitations for measuring mass concentrations of PM1, PM2.5 and PM10. The OPC-N2 demonstrated a significant positive artefact in measured particle mass during times of high ambient RH (> 85 %) and a calibration factor was developed based upon κ-Köhler theory, using average bulk particle aerosol hygroscopicity. Application of this RH correction factor resulted in the OPC-N2 measurements being within 33 % of the TEOM-FDMS, comparable to the agreement between a reference optical particle counter and the TEOM-FDMS (20 %). Inter-unit precision for the 14 OPC-N2 sensors of 22 ± 13 % for PM10 mass concentrations was observed. Overall, the OPC-N2 was found to accurately measure ambient airborne particle mass concentration provided they are (i) correctly calibrated and (ii) corrected for ambient RH. The level of precision demonstrated between multiple OPC-N2s suggests that they would be suitable devices for applications where the spatial variability in particle concentration was to be determined.

Comparison of fine particle mass concentration and light scattering extinction in ambient aerosol

1981 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 875-876 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter A. Scheff ◽  
Richard A. Wadden
Keyword(s):  
Light Scattering ◽  
Fine Particle ◽  
Mass Concentration ◽  
Particle Mass ◽  
Ambient Aerosol ◽  
Particle Mass Concentration

scholarly journals Chemical characterization of the inorganic fraction of aerosols and mechanisms of the neutralization of atmospheric acidity in Athens, Greece

2006 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 12389-12431
Author(s):  
E. T. Karageorgos ◽  
S. Rapsomanikis ◽  
P. Wåhlin
Keyword(s):  
Mass Concentration ◽  
Major Ions ◽  
Fine Fraction ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Coarse Fraction ◽  
Particle Mass ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Breathing Zone ◽  
Predominant Component ◽  
Neutralizing Agent

Abstract. Mass concentration levels and the inorganic chemical composition of PM10 (two fractions; PM10−2.5 and PM2.5) were determined during August 2003 and March 2004, in the centre of Athens, Greece. August 2003 monthly mean PM10 mass concentration, at 5 m above ground, was 56 μg/m3 and the EU imposed daily limit of 50 μg/m3 was exceeded on 16 occasions. The corresponding monthly mean for March 2004 was 92 μg/m3 and the aforementioned daily limit was exceeded on 23 occasions. The PM10 (PM10−2.5+PM2.5) mass concentrations at 1.5 m above ground were found to be approximately 20% higher compared to the respective PM10 measured at 5 m. Consequently, for a realistic estimation of the exposure of citizens to particulate matter, PM10 sampling at a height of 1.5–3 m above ground, in the "breathing zone" is necessary. Such data are presented for the first time for the centre of Athens. In both campaigns, calcium was found to be the predominant component of the coarse fraction while crust-related aluminosilicates and iron were found to be the other major components of the same fraction. The above elements constitute the most important components of the fine fraction, together with the predominant sulphur. Toxic metals were found to be below the air quality limits and in lower concentrations compared to older studies, with the exception of Cu and V for which some increase was observed. Pb, in particular, appeared mostly in the fine fraction and in very low concentrations compared to studies dating more than a decade back. The major ions of the coarse fraction have been found to be Ca2+, NO3− and Cl−, while SO4−2, Ca2+ and NH4+ were the major ionic components of the fine fraction. The low molar ratio of NH4+/SO4−2 indicated an ammonium-poor ambient air, where atmospheric ammonia is not sufficient to neutralize all acidity and the formation of NH4NO3 does not occur to a significant extend. Calcium predominated the coarse fraction and its good correlations with NO3− and SO4−2 indicated its role as an important neutralizing agent of atmospheric acidity in this particle size range. In the fine fraction, both Ca2+ and NH4+ participate in the neutralizing processes with NH4+ being the major neutralizing agent of SO4−2. Chloride depletion from NaCl or MgCl2 was not found to occur to a significant extend. Total analyzed inorganic mass (elemental+ionic) was found to be ranging between approximately 25–33% of the total coarse particle mass and 35–42% of the total fine particle mass.

scholarly journals The CPMA-Electrometer System—A Suspended Particle Mass Concentration Standard

2013 ◽  
Vol 47 (8) ◽  
pp. i-iv ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan P. R. Symonds ◽  
Kingsley St.J. Reavell ◽  
Jason S. Olfert
Keyword(s):  
Mass Concentration ◽  
Suspended Particle ◽  
Particle Mass ◽  
System A ◽  
Particle Mass Concentration

Plume opacity related to particle mass concentration and size distribution

1978 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 2439-2447 ◽  
Author(s):  
John F. Thielke ◽  
Michael J. Pilat
Keyword(s):  
Size Distribution ◽  
Mass Concentration ◽  
Particle Mass ◽  
Particle Mass Concentration
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document