scholarly journals A Portable Emissions Measurement System (PEMS) study of NOx and primary NO2 emissions from Euro 6 diesel passenger cars and comparison with COPERT emission factors

2016 ◽  
Vol 145 ◽  
pp. 81-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosalind O'Driscoll ◽  
Helen M. ApSimon ◽  
Tim Oxley ◽  
Nick Molden ◽  
Marc E.J. Stettler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Measurement System ◽  
Emission Factors ◽  
Passenger Cars ◽  
Portable Emissions Measurement System

Use of portable emissions measurement system (PEMS) for the development and validation of passenger car emission factors

2013 ◽  
Vol 64 ◽  
pp. 329-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina Kousoulidou ◽  
Georgios Fontaras ◽  
Leonidas Ntziachristos ◽  
Pierre Bonnel ◽  
Zissis Samaras ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Measurement System ◽  
Emission Factors ◽  
Passenger Car ◽  
Development And Validation ◽  
Portable Emissions Measurement System

scholarly journals Study on the Annual Reduction Rate of Vehicle Emission Factors for Carbon Monoxide: A Case Study of Urban Road Tunnels in Shenzhen, China

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Weiwei Liu ◽  
Jianxun Chen ◽  
Yanbin Luo ◽  
Zhou Shi ◽  
Xiang Ji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Reduction Rate ◽  
Emission Factors ◽  
Pollutant Emission ◽  
Passenger Cars ◽  
Urban Road ◽  
Road Tunnels ◽  
Measurement Results ◽  
Annual Reduction ◽  
Co Emission

Environmental pollution and energy conservation in urban tunnels have become important issues that affect the scientific design and sustainable development of urban tunnels. The carbon monoxide (CO) concentration in urban road tunnels is regarded as a direct reflection and a useful tracer of the intensity of anthropogenic transportation activities. Previous studies in recent years have paid more attention to pollutant emission factors, but less to the calculation parameters of ventilation design for tunnels. This paper aims to study a reasonable annual reduction rate of CO base emission factors. Therefore, a detailed field measurement was carried out in the four typical urban road tunnels, Henglongshan Tunnel, Cejiexian Tunnel, Jiuweiling Tunnel, and Dameisha Tunnel in Shenzhen, China, from March 29 to September 16, 2014. Measurement results showed that the traffic flow of the four urban tunnels had been approaching the design value, or even beyond the limit. The average daily air velocities in the four tunnels were all within 5 m/s, whereas the maximum air velocity had exceeded the limit of 10 m/s. The CO concentrations in Henglongshan Tunnel, Cejiexian Tunnel, Jiuweiling Tunnel, and Dameisha Tunnel were 17 ppm, 7 ppm, 39 ppm, and 8 ppm, respectively. Moreover, it was found that the average CO emission factors of Henglongshan Tunnel, Cejiexian Tunnel, Jiuweiling Tunnel, and Dameisha Tunnel were 1.075 g/(km·veh), 1.245 g/(km·veh), 4.154 g/(km·veh), and 1.739 g/(km·veh), respectively. Based on the statistical data, the CO emission factors of mixed traffic and passenger cars decrease by an average of 16.4% and 33.3%, respectively, per year through the regression method and by an average of 17.4% and 29.0%, respectively, per year through the extremum method. Finally, when considering the safety factor of 20%, it is more reasonable for the CO base emission to adopt 4% as an annual reduction rate for ventilation design in urban tunnels.

scholarly journals Black carbon, particle number concentration and nitrogen oxide emission factors of random in-use vehicles measured with the on-road chasing method

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (19) ◽  
pp. 11011-11026 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Ježek ◽  
T. Katrašnik ◽  
D. Westerdahl ◽  
G. Močnik
Keyword(s):  
Black Carbon ◽  
Particle Number ◽  
Measurement Techniques ◽  
Carbon Particle ◽  
Emission Factors ◽  
Passenger Cars ◽  
Vehicle Fleet ◽  
Driving Conditions ◽  
Black Carbon Particle ◽  
Good Agreement

Abstract. The chasing method was used in an on-road measurement campaign, and emission factors (EF) of black carbon (BC), particle number (PN) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) were determined for 139 individual vehicles of different types encountered on the roads. The aggregated results provide EFs for BC, NOx and PN for three vehicle categories: goods vehicles, gasoline and diesel passenger cars. This is the first on-road measurement study where BC EFs of numerous individual diesel cars were determined in real-world driving conditions. We found good agreement between EFs of goods vehicles determined in this campaign and the results of previous studies that used either chasing or remote-sensing measurement techniques. The composition of the sampled car fleet determined from the national vehicle registry information is reflective of Eurostat statistical data on the Slovenian and European vehicle fleet. The median BC EF of diesel and gasoline cars that were in use for less than 5 years decreased by 60 and 47 % from those in use for 5–10 years, respectively; the median NOx and PN EFs of goods vehicles that were in use for less than 5 years decreased from those in use for 5–10 years by 52 and 67 %, respectively. Surprisingly, we found an increase of BC EFs in the newer goods vehicle fleet compared to the 5–10-year old one. The influence of engine maximum power of the measured EFs showed an increase in NOx EF from least to more powerful vehicles with diesel engines. Finally, a disproportionate contribution of high emitters to the total emissions of the measured fleet was found; the top 25 % of emitting diesel cars contributed 63, 47 and 61 % of BC, NOx and PN emissions respectively. With the combination of relatively simple on-road measurements and sophisticated post processing, individual vehicle EF can be determined and useful information about the fleet emissions can be obtained by exactly representing vehicles which contribute disproportionally to vehicle fleet emissions; and monitor how the numerous emission reduction approaches are reflected in on-road driving conditions.

scholarly journals Investigation on the Time Factor of CO-Based Emission Factors for Sustainable Development of Urban Tunnels in China

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Weiwei Liu ◽  
Jianxun Chen ◽  
Yanbin Luo ◽  
Zhou Shi ◽  
Yunfei Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emission Factor ◽  
Back Analysis ◽  
Time Factors ◽  
Emission Factors ◽  
Time Factor ◽  
Passenger Cars ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Road Tunnels ◽  
Prediction Curve ◽  
Two Stages

Environmental pollution problems and energy-saving issues of urban tunnels have increasingly been attracting people’s attention. The paper aims at investigating a reasonable time factor for CO-based emission factors in the ventilation design of urban road tunnels. The study results show that the prediction curve of CO-based emission factor for passenger cars consists of two stages. The average reduction rates of Stage I (2004–2010) and Stage II (2010–2030) are 38% and 14% per year, respectively. The CO emission factor series of passenger cars conforms to exponential function distribution. The time factors of CO-based emission backcalculated from the measured data range from 4.9% to 12.6%, which are 2.4–6.3 times the specified value in the Chinese ventilation specification but slightly smaller than predicted ones. Based on four aspects of predicted results, back analysis results, related references, and engineering applications, it is indicated that the time factor of CO-based emission factor (2%) in the current ventilation specification is conservative. And when defining 2000 and 2010 as base years, respectively, 4% and 3% can be used as the time factors of CO-based emission factors respectively for the ventilation design of urban tunnels. This study can provide a reference for ventilation design of urban tunnels in other regions.

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