Analisis Pemilihan Moda Transportasi Mahasiswa Universitas Jember Menuju Kampus

The use of private transportation modes to the Tegal Boto campus, Jember University has increased. The increase in the volume of private vehicles will cause congestion if it is not regulated properly. Therefore, an analysis related to the selection of student transportation modes is needed to determine the tendency of students to choose transportation modes. The results of this study will be used as a first step in the improvement of transportation facilities in the area around the Tegal Boto campus, Universitas Jember. Analysis of the factors that influence students in choosing the mode of transportation will be carried out in this study. In addition, the priority of choosing the mode of transportation used by students to the Tegal Boto campus, Jember University will also be known. Research data will be obtained from questionnaires and documents from the University of Jember. The data will be analyzed using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). The results of the AHP analysis show that the factors that dominate the choice of student transportation modes to the Tegal Boto campus, Jember University are the time factor (33%). Meanwhile, the student's priority modes of transportation are motorbikes (32.7%). The choice of motorcycle mode has the largest percentage due to it is based on consideration of the time factor. Students need transportation modes that have high flexibility such as motorbikes so that the time needed to reach campus is shorter.

TOLERANCE FOR AMBIGUITY IN THE STRUCTURE OF THE PERSONAL COMPONENT OF SITUATIONS RELATED WITH PEDAGOGICAL PROBLEMS

Statement of the problem. Improving the quality of resolving difficult situations associated with teachers’ professional activity is possible only by studying those personal and situational variables that a) affect the resolution of difficult situations, b) are included in the personal structure and are available for comprehension. Tolerance for ambiguity (TA), being an intersubjective personality parameter, has all the necessary characteristics and can be considered when developing socio-psychological programs for teachers. However, its contribution to the resolution of difficult situations is currently not well understood. The purpose of the article is to show the place of TA in the structure of the personal component of situations related with pedagogical difficulties based on experimental data. Review of scientific literature on the problem. TA has many interpretations and is considered by researchers as a personality trait, as a metacognitive characteristic, as a socio-psychological attitude. Currently, without denying the multidimensionality of the concept, the emotional, cognitive and perceptual components of TA are considered. This means a return, at a new level, to the original idea of E. Frenkel-Brunswik, author of this psychological concept, who defined TA as an emotional-cognitive personality variable associated with the ambivalence of experiencing negative and positive properties of objects of reality. Sharing the views of E. Lehtinen and K. Merenluoto, we consider TA not as a stable, but as a dynamic characteristic. However, we have to admit that in this aspect the problem has been studied least of all. Therefore, studying the structure of the personal component of situations related with pedagogical difficulties, we consider as a separate task of studying TA as a structural component that develops in personal and situational interaction. Materials and methods. The research methodology is built in accordance with the idea of ​​L.S. Vygotsky and K. Levin, according to which any objective characteristic with which a person interacts becomes subjective through experience. The second foundation is understanding of the personality in the existential and humanistic approach as the leading instance that mediates any interaction with the world and oneself. The third foundation is a situational approach. The study involved 111 practicing teachers, who were offered five problem-solving tasks. Self-reports were processed using content analysis, the results were correlated with the data of personality techniques, including S. Badner’s TA test, and were subjected to factorization. Research results. The paper proves that TA refers to intersubjective parameters that affect the relationship between the personality and the situation. The TA factor turned out to be significant for all three groups of open, closed, and mixed models of interaction in difficult situations and is included in the structure of the personal component of situations related with pedagogical difficulties along with such factors as autonomy, communication, cognitive interest, openness, and creativity. Conclusion. The idea of ​K. Dahlbert that TA is most of all connected with the time factor was confirmed. During the study, it was found out that entering into different combinations within the personality structure, the TA parameter forms different configurations. Combined with the “orientation in time” factor, TA promotes an open type of interaction, while intolerance is associated with categoricalness and a closed type of communication in a situation of difficulty. Temporal competence enhances the personality ability to resolve a situation of difficulty through time resource management. At the same time, expectation of easiness and categoricalness lower the developmental potential of interaction in a situation of difficulty. In general, the high weight of TA in the structure of the personality component of situations related with pedagogical difficulties allows us to consider TA as a task and condition in the development of socio-psychological programs for practicing teachers.

Time factor in macroeconomic analysis in theory and empirical research

Purpose of the study The aim of the research is to present the role of time in economic theory and explain how time horizon and the adopted period of time lags between the variables determine the results of macroeconomic analyzes. Methodology: In the paper were used research methods based on literature studies in the field of macroeconomics and finance as well as descriptive methods to explain how the change in the time horizon of the analysis affects the results of the research (short-term analysis and long-term analysis) and what influence the selection of a specific delay period has on the results time between the analyzed variables. Main Findings: The research results confirmed the importance of the time factor, which is still underestimated in many economic analyzes. Applications of this study: The research results can be used as a starting point for further analyzes regarding the importance of time in microeconomic analyzes and contribute to the development of new theoretical concepts concerning dynamic processes in the economy. The originality of this study: In the economics literature, no comprehensive research has been carried out on the importance of time in economic analyzes. Hence, the paper can fill the existing gap in this area and realize the importance of time in economic research.

Strefa kontaktu, czyli interaktywne relacje antropologa w terenie

Based on the classic concept developed by M.L. Pratt and the author’s experience of fieldwork in Africa, this article discusses methods of building a contact zone during anthropological field research. Under the conditions of such research, a limited space of mutual, lasting, interactive relations is created between the anthropologist and the local social environment. The contact zone understood in this way is produced discursively and practiced physically. The time factor and coordination of the anthropologist’s availa- bility with the rhythm of life in the studied community are paramount. The contact zone may have different scope and social depth – it will be shallow, scattered and short-lived in field research covering an extensive area, but will acquire an interactive depth during an “intensive habitation”, when an anthropologist shares everyday life with the studied community.

Mathematical Models for Asymmetric Warfare

Differential equations developed by William Lanchester for combat models are still used by military theorists in traditional and asymmetric wars. The paper focuses on the asymmetric situation encountered in narrow exits on the battlefield, where it is impossible to concentrate the entire firepower. Based on the application of the Lancaster Equation, it is determined that in order to achieve parity, it is necessary to destroy targets by sequentially massaging fire. The mathematical model proposed for the destruction of forces by divisions even allows to determine how to divide the opposing forces into the optimal number for each battle. Based on the research, the influence of the time factor on the element of surprise is determined and a mathematical model is developed, which can determine the effective period of fighting the opponent.

Resource Opportunity in China’s Market Transition and Governance: Time Factor in Urban Housing Inequality

Since China’s reform and opening up, the country’s rapid marketization process has been accompanied by the rapid growth of inequality, which has been significant for all classes of society. In terms of its impact, housing inequality is particularly noticeable. In this paper, we discuss the influence of real-estate purchase time, organization, human capital, and political capital on the value of real estate and the appreciation of real estate in China by using a conditional mean model and a quantile regression model. The differences in the degree of influence of these factors on different quantile levels are also investigated. We found that, after adding the time factor, the prior possession of resources in the early stage of market transformation will benefit the long-term marketization process. Organizations that can penetrate “market-redistribution” and professions that directly participate in the distribution of real-estate resources also have significant advantages in this regard.