Bilingual language entropy influences executive functions through functional connectivity and signal variability

2021 ◽  
Vol 222 ◽  
pp. 105026
Author(s):  
Xiaoqian Li ◽  
Kwun Kei Ng ◽  
Joey Ju Yu Wong ◽  
Jia Wen Lee ◽  
Juan Helen Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Executive Functions ◽  
Signal Variability

scholarly journals Altered Functional Connectivity of the Executive Functions Network During a Stroop Task in Children with Reading Difficulties

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 516-525 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ophir Levinson ◽  
Alexander Hershey ◽  
Rola Farah ◽  
Tzipi Horowitz-Kraus
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Executive Functions ◽  
Stroop Task ◽  
Reading Difficulties

Individual differences in common factors of emotional traits and executive functions predict functional connectivity of the amygdala

NeuroImage ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 120 ◽  
pp. 154-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.S. Rohr ◽  
F.R. Dreyer ◽  
I.M. Aderka ◽  
D.S. Margulies ◽  
S. Frisch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Executive Functions ◽  
Common Factors

scholarly journals The Aging Brain and Executive Functions Revisited: Implications from Meta-Analytic and Functional-Connectivity Evidence

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marisa K. Heckner ◽  
Edna C. Cieslik ◽  
Simon B. Eickhoff ◽  
Julia A. Camilleri ◽  
Felix Hoffstaedter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Executive Functions ◽  
Age Differences ◽  
Healthy Aging ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Attentional Focus ◽  
Functional Coupling ◽  
General Role ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Meta Analyses

AbstractHealthy aging is associated with changes in cognitive performance including executive functions (EFs) and their associated brain activation patterns. However, it has remained unclear which EF-related brain regions are affected consistently, because the results of pertinent neuroimaging studies and earlier meta-analyses vary considerably. We, therefore, conducted new rigorous meta-analyses of published age differences in EF-related brain activity. Out of a larger set of regions associated with EFs, only left inferior frontal junction (IFJ) and left anterior cuneus/precuneus (aC/PrC) were found to show consistent age differences. To further characterize these two age-sensitive regions, we performed seed-based resting-state functional connectivity (RS-FC) analyses using fMRI data from a large adult sample with a wide age range. We also assessed associations of the two regions’ whole-brain RS-FC patterns with age and EF performance. Although functional profiling and RS-FC analyses point towards a domain-general role of left IFJ in EFs, the pattern of individual study contributions to the meta-analytic results suggests process-specific modulations by age. Our analyses further indicate that left aC/PrC is recruited differently by older (compared to younger) adults during EF tasks, potentially reflecting inefficiencies in switching the attentional focus. Overall, our findings question earlier meta-analytic results and suggest a larger heterogeneity of age-related differences in brain activity associated with EFs. Hence, they encourage future research that pays greater attention to replicability, investigates age-related differences in deactivation, and focuses on more narrowly defined EF subprocesses, combining multiple behavioral assessments with multi-modal imaging.Highlights- Healthy aging is linked to deterioration in executive functions (EFs)- ALE meta-analyses examined consistent age differences in brain activity linked to EFs- In a larger set of EF regions, only left IFJ and (pre)cuneus were sensitive to age- Advanced age was linked to weaker functional coupling within EF-related networks- Our findings question earlier meta-analytic findings

Functional connectivity of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex contributes to different components of executive functions

2020 ◽  
Vol 151 ◽  
pp. 70-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yana R. Panikratova ◽  
Roza M. Vlasova ◽  
Tatiana V. Akhutina ◽  
Alexey A. Korneev ◽  
Valentin E. Sinitsyn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Executive Functions ◽  
Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Dorsolateral Prefrontal

Functional Connectivity and Response Inhibition: A Secondary Analysis of an 8-Week Randomized Controlled Trial of Computerized Cognitive Training

2021 ◽  
Vol 80 (4) ◽  
pp. 1525-1537
Author(s):  
Lisanne F. Ten Brinke ◽  
Chun Liang Hsu ◽  
Kirk I. Erickson ◽  
Todd C. Handy ◽  
Teresa Liu-Ambrose
Keyword(s):  
Randomized Controlled Trial ◽  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Executive Functions ◽  
Cognitive Training ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Computerized Cognitive Training ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Home Based ◽  
Colour Word

Background: Evidence suggests that computerized cognitive training (CCT) can improve cognitive function in older adults, particularly executive functions. However, the underlying mechanisms by which CCT may improve executive functions are not well established. Objective: To determine: 1) inter-network functional connectivity correlates of changes in executive functions; and 2) the effect of CCT on these functional connectivity correlates. Methods: This secondary analysis included a subset of 124 adults aged 65–85 years enrolled in an 8-week randomized controlled trial of CCT. Participants were randomized to either: 1) group-based CCT 3x/week for 1 hour plus 3x/week home-based training; 2) group-based CCT preceded by brisk walking (Ex+CCT) 3x/week for 1 hour plus 3x/week home-based training; or 3) group-based balanced and toned (BAT) classes 3x/week for 1 hour (control). At baseline and trial completion, 65 of the 124 participants completed resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging and neuropsychological tests of executive functions, specifically the Stroop Colour-Word Test and Flanker Test. Results: Improved performance on the Stroop Colour-Word Test and Flanker Test were associated with decreased correlation between the default mode network (DMN) and the fronto-parietal network (FPN) (p < 0.05). Compared with BAT, CCT alone significantly decreased correlation between the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and both the left and right medial temporal gyrus (–0.143, 95%CI [–0.256,–0.030], p = 0.014, and –0.123, 95%CI [–0.242,–0.004], p = 0.043, respectively). Conclusion: Decreased correlation between DMN and FPN, indicating less connection between these networks, may be an underlying mechanism by which CCT improves executive functions. Future studies are needed to replicate this finding.

scholarly journals The Aging Brain and Executive Functions Revisited: Implications from Meta-analytic and Functional-Connectivity Evidence

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-37
Author(s):  
Marisa K. Heckner ◽  
Edna C. Cieslik ◽  
Simon B. Eickhoff ◽  
Julia A. Camilleri ◽  
Felix Hoffstaedter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Executive Functions ◽  
Age Differences ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Attentional Focus ◽  
Aging Brain ◽  
General Role ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Inferior Frontal Junction

Healthy aging is associated with changes in cognitive performance, including executive functions (EFs) and their associated brain activation patterns. However, it has remained unclear which EF-related brain regions are affected consistently, because the results of pertinent neuroimaging studies and earlier meta-analyses vary considerably. We, therefore, conducted new rigorous meta-analyses of published age differences in EF-related brain activity. Out of a larger set of regions associated with EFs, only left inferior frontal junction and left anterior cuneus/precuneus were found to show consistent age differences. To further characterize these two age-sensitive regions, we performed seed-based resting-state functional connectivity (RS-FC) analyses using fMRI data from a large adult sample with a wide age range. We also assessed associations of the two regions' whole-brain RS-FC patterns with age and EF performance. Although our results largely point toward a domain-general role of left inferior frontal junction in EFs, the pattern of individual study contributions to the meta-analytic results suggests process-specific modulations by age. Our analyses further indicate that the left anterior cuneus/precuneus is recruited differently by older (compared with younger) adults during EF tasks, potentially reflecting inefficiencies in switching the attentional focus. Overall, our findings question earlier meta-analytic results and suggest a larger heterogeneity of age-related differences in brain activity associated with EFs. Hence, they encourage future research that pays greater attention to replicability, investigates age-related differences in deactivation, and focuses on more narrowly defined EF subprocesses, combining multiple behavioral assessments with multimodal imaging.

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