Sleep deprivation impairs calcium signaling in mouse splenocytes and leads to a decreased immune response

To clarify whether nanoparticles of silk sericin (SS) and silk fibroin (SF) can induce inflammation and immune responses, we analyzed splenocyte proliferation, apoptosis and cytokine release to identify the effects of SS and SF on mouse splenocytes in vitro. We implanted mice with SS and SF through intraperitoneal, intramuscular, and subcutaneous routes to evaluate the innate and adaptive immune response to SS and SF in vivo. Cytokines in the serum and spleen were analyzed by Luminex and antibody array. Antigen-specific antibodies were evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) at week 1 and 5 after implantation. Distinct cell populations in the spleen and bone marrow were analyzed by flow cytometry. SS suppressed the proliferation of splenocytes and CD11b+CD27− NK cells, induced splenocyte apoptosis, and increased interleukin-1 β (IL-1 β) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in the culture supernatant. SF suppressed splenocyte proliferation, induced splenocyte apoptosis, and increased the titer of TNF-α in culture supernatants. At both week 1 and 5 after implantation with SS, mouse serum interleukin-1 α (IL-1 α) and keratinocyte chemoattractant (KC) were decreased, SS-specific antibody was increased, the proportion of bone marrow CD4+ T cells was increased, and the proportion of splenic neutrophils was decreased. At week 5 after subcutaneous implantation with SF, mouse serum IL-1α, and splenic IL-6, TIMP-1, IL-4, MCP-1, IFN-γ, TCA-3, TNF-α, and IL-17 were decreased. SS was able to induce a mild immune response, as evidenced by CD4+ T cell activation, splenocyte apoptosis, and antigen-specific antibody secretion. Comparatively, SF had low immunogenicity and anti-inflammatory properties.

Download Full-text

Release of a bone resorbing agent by mouse splenocytes during a secondary immune response in vitro

Developmental & Comparative Immunology ◽

10.1016/0145-305x(81)90040-9 ◽

1981 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 329-336 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

S.D. Meryon ◽

A.D. Perris

Keyword(s):

Immune Response ◽

Secondary Immune Response ◽

Mouse Splenocytes ◽

Immune Response In Vitro

Download Full-text

Ex vivo mycobacterial growth inhibition assay (MGIA) for tuberculosis vaccine testing - a protocol for mouse splenocytes

10.1101/020560 ◽

2015 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Andrea Andrea Zelmer ◽

Rachel Tanner ◽

Elena Stylianou ◽

Sheldon Morris ◽

Angelo Izzo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Immune Response ◽

Clinical Trials ◽

Growth Inhibition ◽

Ex Vivo ◽

Inhibition Assay ◽

Growth Inhibition Assay ◽

Mouse Splenocytes ◽

Vaccine Testing ◽

Mycobacterial Growth ◽

Detailed Protocol

The testing of vaccines for tuberculosis is costly and time-consuming, and dependent on preclinical animal challenge models and clinical trials. We have recently developed a mycobacterial growth inhibition assay (MGIA) to test vaccine efficacy ex vivo. This assay measures the summative effect of the host immune response and may serve as a novel tool to facilitate vaccine testing. It has generated much interest recently, and to facilitate technology transfer and reproducibility between laboratories, we here describe a detailed protocol for an ex vivo MGIA in mouse splenocytes.

Download Full-text

Effects of MOK, a pharmacopuncture medicine, on the TH1/TH2 immune response and antioxidation in Con A-stimulated primary mouse splenocytes

The Acupuncture ◽

10.13045/acupunct.2017081 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 34 (2) ◽

pp. 39-48 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Ji Hye Hwang

Keyword(s):

Immune Response ◽

Con A ◽

Mouse Splenocytes ◽

Th2 Immune Response ◽

Primary Mouse

Download Full-text

The Bidirectional Relationship between Sleep and Immunity against Infections

Journal of Immunology Research ◽

10.1155/2015/678164 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2015 ◽

pp. 1-14 ◽

Cited By ~ 46

Author(s):

Elizabeth G. Ibarra-Coronado ◽

Ana Ma. Pantaleón-Martínez ◽

Javier Velazquéz-Moctezuma ◽

Oscar Prospéro-García ◽

Mónica Méndez-Díaz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Immune Response ◽

Sleep Deprivation ◽

Endocrine System ◽

Parasitic Infections ◽

Sleep Patterns ◽

Susceptibility To Infection ◽

Physiological Processes ◽

Bidirectional Relationship ◽

Lack Of Sleep ◽

Function Of Sleep

Sleep is considered an important modulator of the immune response. Thus, a lack of sleep can weaken immunity, increasing organism susceptibility to infection. For instance, shorter sleep durations are associated with a rise in suffering from the common cold. The function of sleep in altering immune responses must be determined to understand how sleep deprivation increases the susceptibility to viral, bacterial, and parasitic infections. There are several explanations for greater susceptibility to infections after reduced sleep, such as impaired mitogenic proliferation of lymphocytes, decreased HLA-DR expression, the upregulation of CD14+, and variations in CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes, which have been observed during partial sleep deprivation. Also, steroid hormones, in addition to regulating sexual behavior, influence sleep. Thus, we hypothesize that sleep and the immune-endocrine system have a bidirectional relationship in governing various physiological processes, including immunity to infections. This review discusses the evidence on the bidirectional effects of the immune response against viral, bacterial, and parasitic infections on sleep patterns and how the lack of sleep affects the immune response against such agents. Because sleep is essential in the maintenance of homeostasis, these situations must be adapted to elicit changes in sleep patterns and other physiological parameters during the immune response to infections to which the organism is continuously exposed.

Download Full-text

Fusion to the Lysosome Targeting Signal of the Invariant Chain Alters the Processing and Enhances the Immunogenicity of HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase

Acta Naturae ◽

10.32607/20758251-2014-6-1-61-68 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 61-68 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

E. S. Starodubova ◽

М. G. Isaguliants ◽

Y. V. Kuzmenko ◽

A. A. Latanova ◽

О. А. Krotova ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Immune Response ◽

Reverse Transcriptase ◽

Mhc Class Ii ◽

Dna Vaccine ◽

Intracellular Localization ◽

Chimeric Protein ◽

Class Ii ◽

Invariant Chain ◽

Mouse Splenocytes ◽

Hiv 1

Intracellular processing of the antigen encoded by a DNA vaccine is one of the key steps in generating an immune response. Immunization with DNA constructs targeted to the endosomal-lysosomal compartments and to the MHC class II pathway can elicit a strong immune response. Herein, the weakly immunogenic reverse transcriptase of HIV-1 was fused to the minimal lysosomal targeting motif of the human MHC class II invariant chain. The motif fused to the N-terminus shifted the enzyme intracellular localization and accelerated its degradation. Degradation of the chimeric protein occurred predominantly in the lysosomal compartment. BALB/c mice immunized with the plasmid encoding the chimeric protein demonstrated an enhanced immune response, in the form of an increased antigen-specific production of Th1 cytokines, INF- and IL-2, by mouse splenocytes. Moreover, the majority of the splenocytes secreted both cytokines; i.e., were polyfunctional. These findings suggest that retargeting of the antigen to the lysosomes enhances the immune response to DNA vaccine candidates with low intrinsic immunogenicity.

Download Full-text

Antigenicity and Potential Use of A Novel Brucella Multiepitope Recombinant Protein in the Diagnosis of Brucellosis

10.1101/786343 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Dehui Yin ◽

Qiongqiong Bai ◽

Li Li ◽

Lichun Xu ◽

Kun Xu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Immune Response ◽

Recombinant Protein ◽

Indirect Elisa ◽

Serum Antibody ◽

Flow Cytometric Analysis ◽

Cell Epitope ◽

T Cell Subsets ◽

Bacterial Antigen ◽

Potential Candidate ◽

Mouse Splenocytes

AbstractCurrently, brucellosis is a reemerged zoonotic infectious disease with an increased incidence in recent years. A simple, rapid and sensitive method for diagnosing brucellosis has important significance for early diagnosis and early treatment, which can help to reduce medical burden and economic loss. Previously, a multiple epitope recombinant protein was constructed based on linear B-cell epitope prediction tools. In this study, the recombinant protein was used as an antigen to study the immune response produced by immunized mice, and goat serum was used to verify its diagnostic accuracy.The production of antibodies was successfully induced in the vaccinated mice. Through analyzing the serum antibody subtypes, the primary antibody was identified as IgG. Flow cytometric analysis revealed that the percentage of CD4+, CD8+ and the CD4+/CD8+ ratios were increased by T cell subsets in mouse splenocytes, indicating that the recombinant protein induced a strong immune response in mice and that it had strong immunoreactivity. Using indirect ELISA, the recombinant protein correctly diagnosed positive and negative brucellosis samples. Compared with the whole bacterial antigen, the recombinant protein had a weaker sensitivity but a stronger specificity.In this study, animal experiments showed that the recombinant protein had good antigenicity, and indirect ELISA indicates that it can be used as an antigen to diagnose brucellosis. Therefore, the recombinant protein is a potential candidate antigen for brucellosis vaccine development and serological diagnosis.

Download Full-text

Selective REM Sleep Deprivation and Its Impact on the Immune Response

Neuroimmunology of Sleep ◽

10.1007/978-0-387-69146-6_9 ◽

2007 ◽

pp. 167-174

Author(s):

Javier Velazquez Moctezuma ◽

José Ángel Rojas Zamorano ◽

Enrique Esqueda León ◽

Andrés Quintanar Stephano ◽

Anabel Jiménez Anguiano

Keyword(s):

Immune Response ◽

Sleep Deprivation ◽

Rem Sleep ◽

Rem Sleep Deprivation

Download Full-text

The effect of carbohydrate moiety structure on the immunoregulatory activity of lactoferrin in vitro

Cellular & Molecular Biology Letters ◽

10.2478/s11658-014-0196-2 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 19 (2) ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Michał Zimecki ◽

Jolanta Artym ◽

Maja Kocięba ◽

Maria Duk ◽

Marian Kruzel

Keyword(s):

Immune Response ◽

In Vitro Models ◽

Immunoglobulin Superfamily ◽

Glycan Structure ◽

Bovine Lactoferrin ◽

Mouse Splenocytes ◽

Humoral Immune ◽

Sialic Acid Receptors ◽

Complex Glycan

AbstractThe aim of this study was to evaluate the immunoregulatory effects of recombinant human lactoferrin (rhLF) in two in vitro models: (1) the secondary humoral immune response to sheep erythrocytes (SRBC); and (2) the mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR). We compared the non-sialylated glycoform of rhLF as expressed by glycoengineered Pichia pastoris with one that was further chemically sialylated. In an earlier study, we showed that sialylated rhLF could reverse methotrexate-induced suppression of the secondary immune response of mouse splenocytes to SRBC, and that the phenomenon is dependent on the interaction of lactoferrin (LF) with sialoadhesin (CD169). We found that the immunorestorative activity of sialylated rhLF is also dependent on its interaction with the CD22 antigen, a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily that is expressed by B lymphocytes. We also demonstrated that only sialylated rhLF was able to inhibit the MLR reaction. MLR was inhibited by bovine lactoferrin (bLF), a glycoform that has a more complex glycan structure. Desialylated bLF and lactoferricin, a bLF-derived peptide devoid of carbohydrates, did not express such inhibitory activity. We showed that the interaction of LF with sialic acid receptors is essential for at least some of the immunoregulatory activity of this glycoprotein.

Download Full-text